Beavers koyaushe ana magana da shi da ɗan ɗoki: waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki suna al'ajabi da ƙwazonsu, muhimmancinsu kuma suna tsara tsari da ibada.
Mutum ya sanya dabba ta zama gwarzo mai kyau na tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi game da ƙimar rayuwa ta har abada. Kawai yana da daraja a rarrabe tsakanin kalmomin baƙaƙe: mai bautar dabbobi dabba ne, kuma beaver sunan gashinta.
Fasali da mazaunin beaver
A cikin tsari na beraye, wannan kogin mai shayarwa yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma, yana kaiwa 30 kilogiram ko sama da nauyi. Jikin ya tsugunne kuma ya tsayi har zuwa mita 1.5 a tsayi, har zuwa kusan tsawon cm 30. Gajerun gaɓoɓi tare da yatsu biyar, tsakanin waɗanda membranes ne. Feetafafun baya suna da ƙarfi fiye da na gaba.
Usoshin suna da ƙarfi, sun lanƙwashe kuma sun daidaita. A yatsan hannu na biyu, ana yatsar fiɗa, kama da tsefe. Wannan shine abin da dabba ke amfani dashi don tsefe kyakkyawar fur. Fur yana dauke da gashi mara kariya da kuma sutura masu yawa, amintaccen kariya daga cutar sanyi, tunda baya samun ruwa sosai a cikin ruwa.
Layer na ƙananan kitse, wanda ke riƙe da zafi na ciki, shima yana adana daga sanyi. Matsakaicin launi na sutura daga ƙirji zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan baƙi, kamar ƙafa da jela.
Saboda kyawawan gashi masu kyau, dabbar ta kusan lalacewa a matsayin jinsin: akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda suke son nemo gashin gashi da hular da aka yi da fatar dabba. Daga qarshe beaver kara zuwa jerin dabbobi Littafin Ja.
Wutsiyar dabbar tana kama da oar 30 cm a cikin faɗi kuma faɗinsa ya kai 11-13 cm Fuskar an rufe ta da manyan sikeli da ƙyallen wuya. Siffar wutsiya da wasu siffofin daban suna rarrabe ɗan Eurasia ko ɗan gemu na kowa daga dangin Amurka (Kanada).
A wutsiyar akwai wen da gland biyu don samar da wani abu mai kamshi, wanda ake kira da beaver stream. Sirrin wen ya kunshi adana bayanai game da mutum (shekaru, jinsi), kuma warin yana nuna iyakokin yankunan da suka mamaye. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce ta musamman ta jirgin beaver, kamar yatsan ɗan adam. Ana amfani da sinadarin a cikin kayan kamshi.
A cikin hoton, mai ba da kogi
A kan ƙaramar bakin bakin baki, gajerun kunnuwa, wanda kawai ke fitowa daga ulu, ana bayyane. Duk da girman gabobin ji, jin dabbar yana da kyau. Idan aka nutsar da shi cikin ruwa, hancin dabbar da kunnuwansa a rufe suke, idanun na kariya ta "fatar ido ta uku" kuma ana kiyaye su daga rauni.
Memwalon walƙiya yana ba ka damar ganin dabbar a cikin ruwa mai yawa. Hakanan lebunan bera an tsara su musamman ta yadda ba zai shaƙewa ba, ruwa ba ya shiga ramin baka idan ya yi gunji.
Manyan huhun huhu sun baiwa dabbar damar yin iyo, ba tare da bayyana a saman ruwa ba, har zuwa mita 700, yana ciyar da kimanin mintuna 15. Don dabbobin da ke cikin ruwa, waɗannan adadi ne na rikodin.
Kai tsaye dabbobi beavers a cikin ruwa mai zurfin zurfin ruwa mai saurin tafiya. Waɗannan su ne tabkunan gandun daji, kududdufai, koguna, rafuka, da bankunan wuraren tafki. Babban yanayin shine tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na bakin ruwa na duwatsu masu laushi, shrubs da ciyawa. Idan filin ƙasa ba daidai bane, to beaver yana aiki akan canza yanayi kamar magini.
Wani lokaci, dabbobi suna zama a cikin Turai da Asiya, banda Kamchatka da Sakhalin. Amma wargazawa da ayyukan tattalin arziki sun haifar da halakar da babban ɓangare na masu bautar. Aikin maidowa ya ci gaba har zuwa yau, tare da masu siyar da bea suna zama a cikin wuraren ajiyar ruwa.
Yanayi da salon beyar
Beavers dabbobi ne na dab da ruwa waɗanda suke da kwarin gwiwa a cikin ruwa, yin iyo da nutsuwa da kyau, da kuma kan ƙasa beaver Yana da duba m dabba.
Ayyukan dabbobi yana ƙaruwa zuwa magariba da farkon dare. A lokacin rani zasu iya aiki na awanni 12. Sai kawai a lokacin hunturu, a cikin tsananin sanyi, ba sa barin kebabbun gidajen. Burrows ko wuraren da ake kira bukkoki sune wuraren da iyalai ke rayuwa.
Hiddenofofin shiga burukan suna ɓoye ta hanyar ruwa kuma suna kaiwa ta cikin labyrinth masu rikitarwa na yankunan bakin teku. Kofofin gaggawa na tabbatar da lafiyar dabbobi. Chamberakin zama ya fi mita girma kuma kusan 50 cm, a koyaushe yana sama da matakin ruwa.
Beaver na iya gina madatsun ruwa waɗanda ke iya tallafawa nauyin mutum cikin sauƙi
Wuri na musamman yana kare wurin akan kogin, inda kabarin yake, daga daskarewa lokacin sanyi. Ganin beavers daidai yake da ƙwarewar masu zane. Ana aiwatar da ginin bukkoki a yankunan lebur ko ƙananan bankuna. Waɗannan su ne tsari mai kama da mazugi har zuwa mita 3, wanda aka yi da itacen itacen itace, da ƙwanƙasa da yumbu.
A ciki akwai fili, har zuwa mita 12 a diamita. A saman akwai rami don iska, kuma a ƙasa akwai ramuka don nutsewa cikin ruwa. A lokacin hunturu, yana sanya dumi a ciki, babu kankara, masu siyarwa suna iya nutsewa cikin tafki. Steam kan bukkar a ranar sanyi wata alama ce ta zama.
Don kula da matakin ruwa da ake buƙata da adana bukkoki da ramuka, masu siyar da bea suna kafa sanannun madatsun ruwa, ko madatsun ruwa daga jikin bishiyoyi, itacen itace da ƙanƙara. Ko da duwatsu masu nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 18 an same su don ƙarfafa ginin.
Jigon madatsar ruwan, a ƙa’ida, itace ce da ta faɗi, wanda aka mamaye shi da kayan gini har tsawon mita 30, zuwa tsayi m 2, kuma faɗinsa ya kai mita 6. Tsarin a sauƙaƙe yana iya tallafawa nauyin kowane mutum.
A cikin hoton, dutsen beaver burrow
Lokacin aikin yana ɗaukar makonni 2-3. Sannan masu yin bea a hankali suna kula da amincin abin da aka kafa kuma suna yin "gyare-gyare" idan ya cancanta. Suna aiki a matsayin dangi, suna rarraba nauyi, kamar dai sakamakon tsari mai kyau kuma mara kuskure.
Beraye suna iya jimre da bishiyoyi har zuwa 7-8 cm a diamita a cikin minti 5, suna gurnani da kututture a gindi. Tare da manyan bishiyoyi, har zuwa 40 cm a diamita, yana jurewa cikin dare. Yankan sassa, jan ruwa zuwa mazauni ko madatsar ruwa ana aiwatar da su cikin tsari kuma ba tare da tsangwama ba.
Abin da dabbobi beavers a cikin gidansu, gani a cikin mazauninsu. Ba gidajen zama kawai ba, har ma da hanyoyin da ake haɗuwa da kayan gini da abinci, basu ƙunshi najasa da ragowar abinci.
Hanyoyi, gidaje, filayen gini - komai yana haɗuwa kuma an tsabtace shi. An ƙirƙiri wuri mai faɗi na musamman, wanda ake kira beaver. Dabbobi suna sadarwa tare da taimakon alamomi na kamshi na musamman, sautunan da ake fitarwa, kwatankwacin busa, busar wutsiya.
Slam akan ruwa alama ce ta ƙararrawa kuma umarni ne don ɓoyewa a cikin ruwa. Babban abokan gaba a cikin yanayi sune kerkeci, dawakai, da beyar mai ruwan kasa. Amma babbar lalacewa ga yawan bea mutane ne suka haifar da ita.
Beaver dabba ce-ma'aikaci kuma masani game da zaman rayuwar iyali mai nutsuwa. A cikin lokacin su na kyauta, suna kula da gashin gashi, suna shafa masa mai ta hanyar ɓoyewa daga gland, suna kiyaye shi daga yin rigar.
Abincin Beaver
Abincin beavers ya dogara ne akan abincin shuke-shuke: haushi da harbe-harben bishiyoyi masu laushi; a lokacin bazara, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna da mahimmin bangare.
Adadin abinci a kowace rana ya zama ya kai kimanin 1/5 na nauyin dabba. Hakoran hakora masu ƙarfi suna ba shi damar jimre da nau'ikan abinci mai katako. Sun fi son willow, Birch, aspen, poplar, sau da yawa Linden, cherry tsuntsaye. Suna son acorns, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, haushi da ganye.
A lokacin bazara, beavers suna girbi ciyawar itace a lokacin hunturu. Gidan ajiyar suna cikin wurare a ƙarƙashin bankunan da ke kan gaba tare da ambaliyar ruwa ta musamman ta hannun jari. Wannan zai ba ku damar nemowa a ƙarƙashin kankara a lokacin sanyi mara sanyi na itacen willow, bishiyar aspen ko bishiyar birch.
Abubuwan ajiyar suna da girma: har zuwa mita mita 70. ga dan beaver daya. Kwayoyin cuta na musamman suna taimakawa narkewa a cikin aikin cellulose, kuma incisor beaver suna girma cikin rayuwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Mata sun mamaye iyalin beaver, sun fi girma girma. Mating lokaci yana faruwa a cikin hunturu, daga tsakiyar Janairu zuwa Fabrairu.
A cikin hoton jaririn beyar ne
Tsarin ciki na ciki har zuwa Mayu, waɗanda aka haifa daga 1 zuwa 6, kowannensu yana da nauyin kusan 0,5 kg. Yawanci yakan ƙunshi usuallya cuban 2-4. Beavers, masu gani da gashi, bayan kwanaki 2 tuni sunyi iyo a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifiyarsu.
Jarirai suna kewaye da kulawa, ciyar da madara yakan kai kwanaki 20, sannan kuma a hankali su juya zuwa shuka abinci. Tsawon shekaru 2, samari suna rayuwa a cikin mahaifa, kuma bayan sun balaga, an ƙirƙira mulkin mallakarsu da sabon tsari. A dabi'a, rayuwar mai kogin fata yana da shekaru 12-17, kuma a cikin bauta yana ninki biyu.
Ma'aurata guda biyu masu beavers tare da zuriyar shekaru na farko da na biyu na rayuwa sun haɗu ƙungiyoyin dangi a cikin yankin da ke da tsarin mazaunin su. Yankewar su, a matsayin mai doka, suna da tasiri mai kyau akan yanayin muhalli na mahalli.
Akwai lokutan da gine-ginen beaver sune sababin lalata lalata hanyoyi ko titunan jirgin ƙasa. Amma mafi sau da yawa dabbar duniya wadatar da jikin ruwa mai tsafta kuma kifi, tsuntsaye, mazaunan gandun daji ke zaune.
