Fasali da mazauninsu
Gidan na farko ya hada da nau'in tsuntsaye 13, galibi suna zaune a China, a gindin tsaunukan Himalayas, a Yankin Turai, galibi a yankin tsakiyar Siberia, a wani karamin yanki na Asiya.
Redstart wani nau'in tsuntsaye ne wanda yake zaɓar wuraren zama a cikin kogin talakawa ko yankuna masu tsaunuka. Misali, sake farawa na kowa, suna na biyu wanda tabon baƙon ne yake wakiltar yankin Turai. Kuma dazukan ta Siberia taiga har zuwa yankunan arewa suna zaune sake farawa siberiyanci.
Redstart, wanda galibi ake kira lambu ko jan hanzari - tsuntsaye daga dangin jirgin sama, umarnin wucewa. Ana kiranta ɗayan kyawawan tsuntsaye waɗanda ke zaune a wuraren shakatawa, lambuna, murabba'ai.
Nauyin jikin karamin tsuntsu bai wuce 20 g ba, tsawon jiki ba tare da wutsiya 15 cm ba ne, fikafikan ya kai cm 25 lokacin da aka fadada gaba daya.
A cikin hoton, maɓallin jan ƙarfe mai kwalliya ne
Yana da wahala kada a lura da irin wannan kyakkyawa koda daga nesa mai nisa, kuma wannan, duk da cewa girman tsuntsu bai fi girman gwara ba. Yawo daga reshe zuwa reshe, jan kafa yakan buɗe jelarsa, kuma a cikin hasken rana da alama yana walƙiya tare da harshen wuta mai haske.
Kamar yawancin tsuntsaye, ana rarrabe namiji da launi mai kamala mai tsananin ƙarfi. Fuka-fukan jela suna ja wutan ja da hango na baƙi.
An yi wa mace fenti a launuka masu launuka na launin zaitun tare da haɗuwa da launin toka, kuma ƙananan ɓangare da wutsiya ja ne. Gaskiya ne, ba duk nau'ikan redstart ke da baƙin ɗigo a wutsiyar su ba. Wannan alama ce ta rarrabe baki sake farawa kuma dan kasarmu - Siberian.
A cikin hoton akwai ƙaramar ja
Af, masana kimiyyar halittu suna kiran mafi girma a cikin dukkanin siffofin da aka bayyana na redstart ja-bellied sake farawa... Namiji, kamar yadda aka saba, yana da launi fiye da mace.
Rawaninta da gefen gefen fuka-farar suna fari, baya, gefen jiki, wuya yana baƙi, kuma wutsiyar, sternum, ciki da ɓangaren layin da ke sama da wutsiyar an zana su cikin jan sautuka tare da abin haɗuwa da tsatsa. A cikin wannan nau'in jan abu, zaku iya ganin cikakken launuka masu launuka.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Kodayake tsuntsun Siberiya wakili ne na gandun daji na taiga, amma yana guje wa daskararrun bishiyar coniferous. Fiye da duka, ana samun wannan nau'in a gefunan gandun daji, a cikin wuraren shakatawa da lambuna waɗanda aka watsar, a cikin sarari, inda akwai kututture da yawa. Kamar yadda ta saba, tsuntsun ya fi son zama a cikin ramuka na wucin gadi kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
A cikin hoton Siberiya ta sake farawa
Singing sake farawa ya cancanci kyakkyawan ra'ayi mai kyau. Amintattun sautukan waƙarta ce ta matsakaiciyar magana, ba zato ba tsammani, masu bambancin ra'ayi, waƙa. Sautin yana farawa da babban khil-khil - i "sannan kuma ya shiga khil-chir-chir-chir mai birgima".
Saurari sabuwar waka
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin waƙar maimaita hanya, zaku iya ɗaukar sautunan yawancin tsuntsaye. Misali, ingantaccen kunne zai iya jin kidan sautin kidan na tauraruwa, robin, yayin da wasu zasu lura cewa wakar tana tare da rera taken titmouse, finch, pied flycatcher.
Redstarts suna son raira waka koyaushe, har ma da dare taiga ta cika da sautunan laushi na waɗannan halittu masu ban al'ajabi. Arin bayani game da waƙoƙin redstart: masu ilimin adon gargajiya sun lura cewa a farkon lokacin saduwa, namiji yana wallafa gajeren gajeren gajere bayan ƙarshen babban shagali, wanda za'a iya kira shi ƙungiyar mawaƙa.
Don haka, wannan mawaƙa tsari ne na sauti na musamman, cike da muryoyin nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban-daban, kuma mazan da suke yi, suna da daɗin ji da waƙinsa da kuma rawar da suke da ita.
Redstart abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin abincin da aka fara shine ya dogara da mazaunin sa. Ya fi ciyar da kwari. Ba ta raina kowane irin kwari, sai ta debo su a kasa, ta cire su daga rassan, kuma take neman karkashin ganyen da ya fadi.
Da farkon kaka, abincin redstart ya zama mai wadatuwa, kuma zasu iya iya cin gandun daji ko 'ya'yan itacen lambu, kamar rowan, viburnum, currant, elderberry, black chokeberry da sauransu.
Lokacin da abinci ya ƙare, wanda galibi yakan faru a tsakiyar kaka, faratattun abubuwa sukan taru don hunturu a wurare masu dumi, galibi a ƙasashen Afirka mai zafi. Wadannan jinsunan tsuntsayen suna tashi da dare.
Redstarts ya dawo zuwa ga asalinsu tun kafin maɓuɓɓugan su buɗe. Da zaran tsuntsayen sun isa wuraren sheƙar, namiji nan da nan zai fara neman yankin don gida. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, tsuntsaye suna shirya gida-gida a cikin ramuka na wata halitta ko halittar roba.
Ramin katako shine wuri mafi dacewa da zazzaɓi, amma kututture, wanda ke da ɓoye a kusa da ƙasa, ya dace da wannan sosai. Tsuntsayen ba sa jin tsoron zama kusa da mutum, don haka ana iya samun gidansu a ɗakuna, a bayan tagogin taga da sauran keɓaɓɓun wurare a cikin gine-ginen da mutane ke zaune.
Kafin isowar mace, sai namijin ya kiyaye wurin da kyau kuma ya kori baƙin da ba su gayyace shi ba.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Kyakkyawan al'ada mai ban sha'awa ana yin ta ta hanyar redstarts a lokacin neman aure. Namiji da mace suna zaune kusa da juna a kan reshe, yayin da saurayin mai fuka-fukai ya shimfida cikin wani yanayi na ban mamaki a gare shi ta hanyar zaɓaɓɓen, a wannan lokacin ya miƙe fikafikansa sama da ƙarfi kuma yana yin sautin da ya yi kama da gurguri
Idan mace ta rama masa, suna birgima lokaci guda daga reshe kuma suna tashi sama, kasancewar su ma'aurata ne. Amma idan mace, alal misali, ba ta gamsu da wurin da aka zaɓa don gida ba, ta bar Romeo cikin ƙauna ba tare da jinkiri ba.
Hoto hoton jan aiki ne a cikin rami
Mace da kanta tana gina gida kuma wannan yakan ɗauki mako guda. Duk wannan lokacin, jan aikin yana horas da mai aikin hannu, ko kuma, kayan kiwo a cikin gida. Kayan na iya zama gansakuka, ulu da gashi na dabbobin gida da na daji, tarkacen zare, igiya, tawul, wanda aka cushe a gida da sauran raguna waɗanda za a iya samunsu a kusa.
Ofaukar jan aiki yana ɗauke da ƙwai guda 6, sau da yawa akan sami ƙwai 7-8. Redstart ƙwaian rufe shi da kwalliyar shuɗi. Lokacin shiryawa yana ɗaukar makonni biyu.
A kwanakin farko, mace tana barin kanta barin gida don shakatawa, sannan, komawa wurin, a hankali tana nade kwan don a gudanar da dumama daidai.
Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa idan mahaifiya mai ciki ba ta kasance sama da rubu'in sa'a ba, to, uba mai kulawa zai ɗauki wuri a kan kama ya zauna har sai mace ta dawo.
A cikin hoton wata kaza ce mai jan aiki
Matasan girma suna bayyana a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon bazara. Redstart kaji an haife shi makaho da kurma, wanda a zahiri ba banda bane, saboda a yawancin jinsunan tsuntsaye, ana haihuwar kajin a cikin wannan sifar.
Duk iyaye biyu suna ciyar da zuriya. Koyaya, a cikin fewan kwanakin farko, mace bata tashi daga cikin gida ba don kada kajin su daskare, kuma mahaifin dangin yana samun abinci, kuma yana ciyar da mace da kajin.
Sau da yawa, namiji yana da kamewa da yawa, a wannan yanayin yana kula da iyali ɗaya da ɗaya, amma ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Yana tashi zuwa gida sau da yawa sau da yawa, kuma ɗayan dangin basu ganin shi sau da yawa.
Girma da ƙarfafa kajin bayan rabin wata, ba sa iya tashi, fara tashi a hankali daga dumi mai dumi. Wani mako, iyaye suna ciyar da yaransu, waɗanda a wancan lokacin ba sa yin nisa da gida. Mako guda baya, kajin sun sami ƙarfin gwiwa kuma sun yi tashin farko, bayan haka a shirye suke su rayu da kansu.
Ma'aurata, bayan sun saki zuriya na farko, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, sun ci gaba zuwa kama na gaba kuma komai ya maimaita. Matsakaicin sanannen tsawon rayuwar ja a cikin daji da wuya ya wuce shekaru 10; a gida, tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, za su iya rayuwa kaɗan.
