Babban bushiya - sanannen hoto
Hoton wani ƙayayyen mazaunin dazuzzuka da tuddai sananne ne ga kowa. Daga littattafan yara, tunanin dabba mara laifi da mara lahani, wanda muke haduwa dashi sau da yawa a kan iyakoki da titunan hawa, yana rayuwa koyaushe. Asalin sunan bushewar gama gari yana da asalin Latin kuma ana fassara shi azaman "shingen ƙaya".
Fasali da mazaunin bushiya
Akwai fiye da nau'ikan shinge daban-daban guda 20, amma suna da hanyoyi da yawa iri ɗaya kuma ana iya gane su saboda dogayen muzzles a kan wani babban shugaban kan matsakaicin bushiya har zuwa 20 cm a tsayi. Idanu masu kwalliya suna da rai sosai kuma suna bayyana, amma suna gani da kyau. Amma yanayin jin kamshi da ji yana da kyau, kodayake eriya a kan hanci da kunnuwan hannu koyaushe kanana ne.
Mutane da yawa bisa kuskure sunyi imanin cewa kullun kuma bushiya - rukuni na dabbobi tare da dangi na iyali. A zahiri, kamanceceniya ce ta yaudara, dangin bushiya suna rayuwa tsakanin moles, shrews da sanannun sanannun kalmomin kiɗa da waƙoƙi. Dabba mai kama da bushiya tufafi masu kyau - ba koyaushe danginsa ba. Don haka, urchin teku dabba ce, da rashin kamanceceniya da mazaunin daji, sai dai sunan.
Bushiya ta zama kwari, matsakaicin nauyin dabba ya kusan 800 g, amma kafin bacci, sai ya sami nauyi har zuwa kusan 1200 g. Maza sun fi mata girma kaɗan. Legsafafun gaba na bushiya sun fi na baya baya; yatsu biyar a kan kowannensu sanye take da kaɓu masu kaifi. Tailananan jela har zuwa 3 cm kusan ba a iya gani a ƙarƙashin gashin gashin dabbobi irin na allura.
Allura masu launin ruwan kasa har girman 3 cm, rami a ciki. Karkashin kowace allura akwai zaren tsoka wanda zai iya daga shi ya rage shi. Suna girma da faɗuwa tare da kusan allurai 1-2 cikin uku a kowace shekara. Babu cikakkiyar zubar da gashin gashi; sannu-sannu an sabunta murfin a cikin shekara ɗaya da rabi. Mutane marasa lafiya ne kawai ke sauke allura.
Adadin allurai a cikin bushiya babba ɗaya ya kai dubu 5-6, kuma a cikin ƙaramar dabba - har zuwa ƙaya dubu 3. Hairananan gashin gashi mai laushi tsakanin allurar shima ya zo, kuma a ciki da kai suna da kauri da launuka masu duhu. Gashi mai launin toka mai gashin monophonic woolen ya fi gama gari, amma tsakanin bushiya akwai nau'ikan farin ciki da tabo.
Abubuwan da aka sani na shinge an san shi zuwa cikin ƙwallon ƙwallo idan haɗari ya yi barazanar. Wannan karfin yana hade da aikin tsokar annular, ikon iya shimfida matakan saman fata.
Dabbobin na iya zama a wannan jihar na dogon lokaci har sai barazanar ta wuce. Alluran suna girma a kusurwoyi daban-daban na son zuciya kuma suna samar da saƙar igiya mai ƙarfi. Irin wannan shine ball ɗin da ba'a kusantuwa.
Dabbobin bushiya zauna nahiyoyi biyu kawai: Eurasia da arewacin Afirka. Duk da kamanceceniyar yanayin Turai da Arewacin Amurka, bushiya ba sa nan, kodayake burbushin yana nuna sulhun da ya gabata.
Cikakken gandun daji da copses, filayen ciyawa, ciyawar kogin da aka mamaye, stepes, wani lokacin hamada mazaunan dabbobi ne masu ƙayoyi. Yankunan marshy da conifers ne kawai ake kaucewa. Yankin ku bushiya a cikin duniyar dabbobi kar a yi alama, rayu kadai, akasari a wani yanki, wanda ake bincika akai-akai don neman abinci.
Galibi ana samun bushewar bushewa kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam ko wuraren tattalin arziki: a wuraren shakatawa, lambunan da aka watsar, a gefen biranen da filayen hatsi. Ana sauƙaƙa wannan ta gobarar daji, mummunan yanayi ko ƙarancin abinci.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar bushiya
Bushewar bishiyoyi dabbobi ne na dare a rana suna ɓoyewa a tsakanin ganyaye da kuma cikin guguwar iska ta shuke-shuke, tsakanin tushen tsirrai. Ba sa son zafi, suna ɓoye a cikin rami mara sanyi ko raƙuman busassun ciyawa, gansakuka, ganye. Girman irin wannan mazaunin ya ɗan fi girman mai shi girma, har zuwa 20-25 cm. A nan, dabbar tana kula da gashin gashin kan kirji da ciki, yana lasar da harshensa.
Dogayen yatsun tsakiya suna taimakawa wajen tsaftace ƙaya a duk lokacin da zai yiwu, wanda ke kariya daga masu farauta, amma tattara kwarkwata da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta. A tsakanin masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu, akwai wani ra'ayi na awa daya wanda ke nuna yawan kaska da aka tara yayin awa daya na tafiya cikin daji.
Wanke acid yana taimakawa wajen kawar da kwayoyin cuta, don haka bushiyoyi suna son “yin wanka” a rubabben apples ko wasu fruitsa fruitsan itace. Haɗa tare da wannan halin shine kuskuren fahimta na bushiya a matsayin mai son apple. Dabbar tana da fifikon dandano daban-daban.
A cikin duhu, jin ƙanshin lafiya yana taimakawa, gani da ji suna taimakawa. Ayyukan dabbobin suna nuna hanyar da ta kai kilomita 3 a kowane dare. Gajerun kafafu basa baka damar motsawa da sauri, amma matakai masu sauri suna dauke da bushiya cikin hanzari don girman su cikin saurin har zuwa 3 m / s. Bugu da kari, bushiya masu kyau tsalle-tsalle da masu iyo.
ZUWA wacce dabba ce bushiyar bushiya ta dabi'a, kowa ya sani. Shi mai lumana ne, amma yana da makiya da yawa a cikin yanayi: kerkeci, diloli, karnukan daji, martens, kites, owls, vipers. Lokacin saduwa da abokin gaba, bushiya ta fara tsalle a kan mai farauta don yin kwalliya, sannan kwallon allurar ta zama sansanin soja da ba za a iya yin nasara ba. Ta hanyar buga ƙafafunsa da bakinsa, maharin ya rasa sha'awar abin ganima da ganye.
Amma akwai hanyoyi masu wayo don yaudarar bushiyar bushiya. Wadancan na dabbobin da ke cin bushiyamallaki hankalin mai farauta. Mujiya mai wayo da hankali tana kaiwa hari yana neman kama abin farauta da mamaki.
Lesarfafan sikeli akan ƙafafun tsuntsu suna kare kariya daga masu raunin toka. Dabbar tana yaudarar bushiya zuwa ruwa ko jefa ta daga tsauni zuwa tafki. Bayan buɗe ciki da bakin ciki, dabbar ninkaya zata zama mai rauni ga mai farauta.
A cikin duel bushiya da maciji dabbar da ba ta da tsoro za ta yi nasara. Kamo ta da wutsiya da kuma dunkule ta cikin leda, cikin haƙuri ya ja ta ƙarƙashin sa. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa bushiya ba ta da fa'ida ga yawancin guba.
Don haka, alal misali, jinin caterpillars ko ladybirds, dafin kudan zuma, cantharidin na ƙudajen Spain ba zai cutar da mazaunin ƙayayuwa ba, kodayake irin waɗannan guba na kashe wasu dabbobi.
Hydrocyanic acid, opium, arsenic ko mercuric chloride suna da rauni mai rauni akan busassun bishiyoyi. A lokacin faɗuwa, dabbobi suna tara kitse don rashin bacci. Jinsunan bushiya da ke zaune a yankunan kudanci suna aiki har tsawon shekara.
Lokacin kwanciyar hankali na faruwa a cikin burrow. Zafin jiki ya sauka kuma bugun jini ya sauka zuwa bugun 20-60 a minti ɗaya. Farkawa yana faruwa a lokacin bazara lokacin da iska ke ɗumi a watan Afrilu. Idan babu wadataccen kitse, dabbar na iya mutuwa da yunwa.
Masu bushasha sun san yankunansu kuma suna kare su daga kutsawar danginsu. Mata suna da girman hekta 10 na yanki, kuma maza - sau 2-3. Ana nuna zaman su ta hanyan surutu, sautuna kama da atishawa. Kubiyoyin bushiya da bushewa kamar tsuntsaye.
Saurari ƙarar bushiyar bushiya
Saurari sautunan bushiya
Abincin bushiya
Abincin bishiyoyin bishiyoyi ya dogara ne da abincin dabbobi, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwaro, ƙwayoyin ƙasa, kwadi, beraye, shrews, kadangaru. Mazaunin ƙaya yana jin daɗin kwari iri-iri kuma ƙwayoyinsu, katantanwa, slugs, na iya lalata gidan tsuntsaye da ƙwai ko ƙyanƙyashe kajin.
Gabaɗaya, yawan bayyana ci da ɗimbin yawa ana bayyana shi ta hanyar ayyukanda ake buƙata da kuma buƙatar adana mai mai ƙarkashin hanya. Dabbobin bushiya: 20 na sama da ƙananan hakora 16 na taimaka wajan jurewa da abinci iri-iri. Toari ga abincin dabbobi na iya zama 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa masu shuka.
Bushiyoyi musamman suna buƙatar abinci bayan sun fito daga rashin bacci. Don dawo da ƙarfi, dabbar na iya cin har zuwa 1/3 na nauyinta na dare. A cikin fursuna, bushiya da yardar rai suna cin nama, ƙwai, burodi, ice cream har ma da oatmeal. Tunanin shinge a matsayin mai son kirim mai tsami da madara yaudara ce. Irin wannan abincin an hana shi saboda rashin haƙuri na lactose.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na bushiya
Lokacin saduwa yana farawa ne a lokacin bazara, bayan ɓoyewa, ko lokacin rani. Maza suna fada wa mace ta hanyar fadace-fadace na cikin gida: suna cizon juna, suna yin fira da allurai kuma suna tsokanar juna. Babu wasu al'adu na musamman, mai nasara ya sami mace da wari.
Bayan saduwa, juna biyu yana ɗaukar kimanin kwana 40 zuwa 56. Kubiyoyi kawai suna bayyana sau daya a shekara. Yawancin lokaci akwai shinge 4 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. An haifi jarirai kwata-kwata marasa taimako, makafi kuma tsirara.
A cikin hoton, sabon jaririn ɗan bushiya
Amma bayan fewan awanni, allurar kariya sun bayyana akan fatar ruwan hoda. Da farko suna da taushi, amma da rana murfin ƙaya yakan yi taushi ya girma. Ci gaban shinge kamar haka ne da farko ana lulluɓe su da rigar kariya, sannan suna koyon dunkulewa cikin ƙwallo, sannan kawai sai suka buɗe idanunsu.
Har zuwa wata ɗaya, thea thean suna cin nonon uwa. Mace mai ɗauke da jarirai tana zaune ne a wani keɓaɓɓen kogon da aka yi da ganyen itace da itacen itace. Idan wani ya gano gida, bushiya zata ɗauki thea offspringan zuwa wani wuri mai aminci. Bishiyoyi suna fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta kusan watanni biyu, amma daga ƙarshe sun bar ƙauyensu na asali a ƙarshen kaka. Balaga ta jima'i tana faruwa ne har zuwa watanni 12.
Tsawan rayuwar bishiyoyi a cikin yanayi gajere ne, shekaru 3-5. Dalilin ya ta'allaka ne ga adadi mai yawa na masu farauta. A cikin bauta, sun rayu tsawon lokaci, har zuwa shekaru 10-15. Amma dabbobi ba sa dacewa don kiyayewa a gida.
Ya kamata a lura cewa su bayyane ne, suna da hayaniya kuma kwata kwata basu dace da horo ba. Saboda haka, gogewa ke nuna hakan bushiya - ba da shawarar ba Dabbobin gida. Dayawa suna daukar bishiyoyi kamar dabbobi marasa amfani ga mutane. Amma wace dabba ce bushiya yanayi da kansa yayi hukunci, da sassauƙan sasanta su a duk duniya.
