Fasali da mazaunin hoopoe
Hoopoe (daga Latin Upupa epops) tsuntsu ne, shine kawai wakilin zamani na dangin hoopoe na tsari Raksheiformes. Birdaramin tsuntsu, mai tsawon jiki 25-28 cm kuma nauyinsa ya kai 75 g, fikafikan ya kai 50 cm.
Hopoe yana da jela mai tsaka-tsaka, ƙaramin kai mai tsayi (kimanin 5 cm), ɗan bakin da ya lanƙwasa da murfin buɗe ido a saman rawanin. Launin plumage ya banbanta kuma ya bambanta, ya danganta da jinsin, daga launin ruwan hoda zuwa launin ruwan kasa.
Fuka-fukai da jela suna da launuka iri-iri masu launin fari da fari. Daga bayanin tsuntsun hoopoe, a bayyane yake cewa wannan ƙaramar mu'ujiza tana da kyau da ban sha'awa. Saboda launuka, launuka daban-daban, hoopoe ya zama sananne kuma sanannen wakilin tsuntsaye.
A cikin 2016, a taron shekara-shekara, Consungiyar Birungiyar Tsuntsaye ta Tarayyar Rasha ta zaɓi hoopoe tsuntsaye na shekara... Masana kimiyya, bisa tsarin ƙasa, sun banbanta nau'ikan tara na hoopoe na tsuntsaye:
1. Maganin gama gari (daga Lat. Upupa epops epops) - rayuka, gami da cikin yankunan kudancin Tarayyar Rasha;
2. Hoopoe na Senegal (daga Lat. Upupa epops senegalensis);
3. Gwanin Afirka (daga lat. Upupa epops africana);
4. Madagascar hoopoe (daga Lat. Upupa epops marginata);
Wadannan tsuntsayen asalinsu asalin Afirka ne, amma yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta sun bazu zuwa Asiya da kudancin Turai. A cikin ƙasarmu, hutu suna zaune a cikin yankunan Leningrad, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl da Novgorod.
Sun kuma sami tushe sosai a Tatarstan da Bashkiria, a kudu maso Gabas da Yammacin Siberia. An ba da fifiko ga yankunan gandun daji-steppe da steppe, gefunan gandun daji, ƙananan kurmi. Basu son yanayin damshi.
Don hunturu suna yin ƙaura zuwa kudu a cikin yanayin dumi mai dumi. Tsuntsaye masu alaƙa da hoopoe ƙaho ne masu ƙaho da ƙaho. Kodayake waɗannan wakilan fauna sun fi girma, za a iya ganin kamanninsu na waje da hoopoe a cikin hoton waɗannan tsuntsayen.
Babban kamanceceniya shine kasancewar akan kawunansu wasu tsinkaye masu launuka masu haske, kamar dunkule-tsalle. Tsuntsaye ma galibi suna rayuwa a nahiyar Afirka.
Yanayi da salon rayuwa
Hoopoes suna aiki da rana kuma suna yin wannan lokacin don neman abinci don ciyar da kansu da zuriyarsu. Tsuntsaye ne masu son auren mata daya kuma suna rayuwa ne a cikin jinsin mace-da-mace duk tsawon rayuwarsu, suna tafe a cikin kananan garken don kawai lokacin hunturu.
Don neman abinci, sau da yawa yakan sauko ƙasa kuma yana motsawa da kyau tare dashi. Ganin haɗari a ƙasa a cikin sifar masu farauta, yana fitar da mai mai mai ƙamshi mai ƙanshi mara daɗi tare da dusar ruwa, ta hakan yana tsoratar da mafarautan daga kanta.
Idan tsuntsun ya fahimci cewa ba zai yuwu ya gudu ta hanyar tashi ba, to sai hoopoe ya buya a kasa, ya manne da shi tare da dukkan jikinsa da fukafukan da ke shimfide, ta yadda zai mai da kansa kamar muhalli.
Gabaɗaya, hoopo suna tsuntsaye masu jin kunya kuma galibi suna gujewa daga ƙaramar rustle da iska ke samarwa. Wadannan tsuntsayen basa tashi da sauri, amma jirgin nasu yana ta jujjuyawa kuma ana iya juya shi, wanda hakan ke basu damar buya daga tsuntsayen masu cin nama, wadanda basa iya sauya alkiblar tashi nan take.
Hoopoe ciyarwa
Abincin hoopoe ya kunshi nau'ikan kwari, wadanda yake samu a kasa, a bishiyoyi da kamawa a tashi. An cinye larvae, gizo-gizo, beetles, fara, da tsutsotsi, kwari har ma da katantanwa.
Hanyar kama su abu ne mai sauƙi kuma yana faruwa tare da taimakon dogon baki, wanda da duwawun yake fitar da ganima daga ƙasa ko bawon itaciya. Akingaukar ƙwarin daga mafakar, tsuntsun ya kashe shi da kaifin bakinta na baki, ya jefa shi cikin iska ya haɗiye shi da bakinsa a buɗe.
Wasu nau'ikan na iya shayar da furannin furanni kuma su ci 'ya'yan itace. Gabaɗaya, duk da ƙaramin girmansu, hoopoes tsuntsaye ne masu saurin tashi.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, hoopoes tsuntsaye ne masu aure daya kuma suna zabar sauran rabinsu sau daya a rayuwa. Sun isa balagar jima'i ta shekarar rayuwa, lokacin da farkon zaɓin abokin tarayya ya faru.
Maza a wannan lokacin suna da yawan amo kuma suna kiran mata da kukansu. Don gida gida, kogwanni suna zabar ramuka a cikin bishiyoyi, koguna a yankunan duwatsu, wani lokacin kuma sukan gina gida daidai a ƙasa ko a tushen bishiyoyi.
Saurari muryar kofa
Kanta gidan gwatso karami, galibi yana kunshe da rassa da yawa da kananan ganyayyaki. Takin takin zamani yana faruwa a cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan sau ɗaya a shekara, a wasu nau'ikan halittu marasa nutsuwa yana faruwa har sau uku a shekara.
Mace tana yin ƙwai 4-9 dangane da yanayin gida. Kwai daya ake sakawa a kowace rana, kuma har zuwa kwanaki 15-17 masu zuwa, kowane kwan yana shiga ciki.
Da wannan kyankyasar kwan, kajin na karshe ya bayyana a ranar 25-30th. Maza ba sa yin kwai, a wannan lokacin suna samun abinci ne kawai ga mace. Bayan kajin sun bayyana, suna zaune tare da iyayensu tsawon wata guda, wadanda ke ciyar dasu kuma suke koya musu zama da kansu.
A wannan lokacin, kajin sun fara tashi da kansu kuma suna samo wa kansu abinci da kansu, bayan haka sun bar iyayensu sun fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Matsakaicin rayuwar hopo yana da shekaru takwas. Wannan wakilin wannan tsari na Raksha tsohon tsuntsu ne, an ambace shi a cikin litattafan da suka gabata, gami da Baibul da Kur'ani.
Masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun gano dutse hotunan tsuntsaye a cikin tsohuwar kogon Farisa. A zamanin yau, mutane ƙalilan ne suke tunani game da kariyar wannan tsuntsu mai ban mamaki a matakin ɗan adam da na ƙasa, amma a lokaci guda lambar su tana raguwa ƙwarai.
Ta yaya za mu taimaka wa tsuntsun hoopoe? A wasu kasashe, domin kara yawan wadannan tsuntsayen, ana fesa takin mai karamin guba a filayen, wadanda basa cutar da rayayyun halittu masu rai da ciyar dasu.
Kuma suma suna barin wani yanki na filato saboda duwawun ya wanzu a kansu. Ina tsammanin abu ne mai yiwuwa a aiwatar da waɗannan matakan a cikin ƙasarmu a waɗancan yankuna inda kyawawan tsuntsaye masu tsalle-tsalle.