Yawancin wakilan dangi kowa ya san su. Titananan titmice suna zaune kusa da mutane; yana da wahala a rikitar da su da sauran tsuntsaye. Daya daga cikin sabbin tsuntsaye masu ban mamaki shine titaramar tit... Mazauna ƙauyen sun san da yawa game da ita, amma a cikin birni waɗannan tsuntsayen ba su san mutane sosai ba. Dayawa basu ma lura da irin wadannan abubuwan ba yayin tarin sauran tsuntsayen birni: masu itace, jays, hankaka, sparrow, pigeons. Mene ne abin ban mamaki game da tsuntsayen bishiyar? Za'a iya samun cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwa, bayyanar, yadda ake sarrafa nonuwan ruwa a cikin wannan littafin.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Crested Tit
Karkataccen titin tsuntsu ne karami ƙwarai. Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar masu wucewa, dangin titmouse. An gano wadannan tsuntsayen ne a wani jinsin halittar - "Crested Tits". A cikin Latin, sunan wannan nau'in yana kama da Lophophanes cristatus. Ana kiran wannan dabba grenadier. Ya sami wannan sunan ne ta hanyar dunƙulen tufa, wanda yayi kama da hat na grenadier. Grenadiers sun rayu a ƙarni na sha bakwai da sha takwas. Sun kasance manyan jiragen ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Babban mazaunin grenadiers shine gandun daji masu rarrafe. Waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsayen suna kawo fa'idodi da yawa ga gandun daji. Suna lalata kwari masu cutarwa da yawa, suna ceton bishiyoyi daga wata mutuwa.
Babban banbanci tsakanin tsintsaye da na talakawa shine kasancewar wata dabba. Yana da matukar sananne, ya ƙunshi farin fuka-fukai tare da ƙananan launuka masu launin toka. Grenadier din, kamar sauran titmouse, kadan ne sosai. Tsawon jikinta da wuya ya wuce santimita goma sha ɗaya. Ana iya kwatanta girmansa da shuɗin shuɗi.
Bidiyo: Crested Tit
Titmice tare da tufts ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan titmouses ba kawai a cikin bayyanar su ba. Hakanan akwai bambance-bambance a tsarin rayuwa. Misali, tsuntsayen da aka toka sun fi saurin rayuwa. Ba safai suke yawo ba, sai lokacin tsananin sanyi ko kuma saboda ƙarancin abinci a mazauninsu. Titmouses suna yawo tare da wasu nau'in tsuntsaye: kaza, sarauta.
Akwai grenadiers guda bakwai a cikin yanayi:
- c. cristatus;
- c. abadiei;
- c. mitratus;
- c. scoticus Prazák;
- c. bureschi;
- c. weigoldi;
- c. baschkirikus Snigirewski.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya ɗan ƙaramin titin yake
Titmouse tare da tuft yana da fasali na waje:
- karami. Wadannan tsuntsayen sun fi girma girman girma. Tsayin jikinsu yakai santimita goma sha ɗaya zuwa sha huɗu. Tsawon fikafikan yakai kimanin santimita ashirin. Nauyin dabbobi - bai fi gram goma sha ɗaya ba;
- launin toka-mai fari-fari a kan kai. Wannan ita ce mafi bayyanar alamar waje. Da shi ne za ku iya banbanta grenadier da sauran dangi. An kirkiro dutsen ne da fuka-fukai masu fari da duhu. A cikin mata, a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙaƙƙarfan karami ne, yana da launi mara kyau;
- kwatankwacin launin jikin maza da mata. Fentin jikin tsuntsun an yi masa fentin launin toka-ruwan kasa, kasan yana fari ne da ƙananan faci na ocher. Blackarfe mai launin baƙi mai haske yana gudana daga gefen ido zuwa bakin tsuntsaye. Striararren ya samar da baƙar fata "jinjirin wata". Ya zama mai ban sha'awa sosai game da bayan farin kunci;
- duhu fuka-fuki, wutsiya, baki. Tsawon fikafikan yakai santimita ashirin da daya. Bakin bakinsa karami ne amma yana da karfi. Tare da taimakonsa, tsuntsaye cikin dabara suke fitar da kwari masu cutarwa a cikin bawon bishiyoyi;
- kananan idanu. Iris launin ruwan kasa ne. Tsuntsayen suna da kyakkyawar gani;
- tenacious kafafu. Gabobin hannu masu launin launin toka launin toka-toka. Kowane ƙafa yana da yatsun kafa huɗu. Uku daga cikinsu suna kan gaba, ɗaya - baya. Wannan yatsun yatsun yana taimaka wa corydalis su rike rassa da kyau.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ginin ba kawai fasalin fasalin wannan nau'in tsuntsaye bane. Wannan nau'in kayan aiki ne don bayyana yanayin su. Tsayin dutsen, kusurwar karkata ya dogara da yanayi.
A ina ne titan gidan yanar gizo ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: dirƙirar tsuntsaye
Irin wannan titmouse shine ɗayan sananne a Turai. Mahalli na asali ya faɗo daga Yankin Iberian zuwa Urals. Titididdigar kamun man rago suna zaune a adadi da yawa a Rasha, Scotland, Spain, Faransa da Ukraine. Tsuntsayen ba sa zama a Italiya, Girka, Burtaniya, Asiya orarama, Scandinavia.
Mahalli na halitta ya dogara da nau'ikan ƙirar ƙirar. Don haka, p. c. Cristatus yana zaune arewa da gabashin Turai, r. scoticus Prazák - tsakiya da arewacin Scotland. A yammacin Faransa, kawai r. Abadiei, da p. Ana samun Weigoldi a kudu da yamma na Iberia. Peananan r. baschkirikus Snigirewski yana zaune a cikin Urals.
Mafi yawan tsintsayen tsuntsaye tsuntsaye ne marasa nutsuwa. Da wuya dabbar ta canza wurin zama. Bai nuna sha’awar dogon jirage ba. Lokaci kaɗai tsuntsu zai iya yin ƙaura zuwa gajeriyar tazara. A wannan yanayin, ƙaura ya tilasta, ya kasance a cikin yawan jama'ar arewa. Dole ne Corydalis su bar gidajensu saboda rashin abinci.
Yanayi na da matukar mahimmanci ga grenadiers. Suna guje wa yankunan da ke da zafi ko sanyi. Wadannan tsuntsayen sun fi son zama a yankuna masu yanayi. Don rayuwa, masu kirkirar titmice suna zaɓar dazuzzuka masu danshi, lambuna, wuraren shakatawa, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi. Tsoffin, rubabbun bishiyoyi dole ne su kasance a yankin da aka zaɓa. Corydalis ba su da sha'awar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Suna guje wa gandun daji irin wannan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: titaƙƙarfan zoben da ke zaune a kudancin Turai suna da fifiko ga nau'in bishiyoyi. A gare su, daushin Macedonian da itacen oak suna da kyau ƙwarai. A wadannan wurare ne ake ganin mafi yawan dabbobi.
Menene titan sandar cin abinci yake ci?
Photo: Crested Tit, ita grenadier ce
Abincin Corydalis ya dogara da yanayi. A lokacin hunturu, tsarin abincin su na yau da kullun yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi da girma. A lokacin sanyi, wadannan tsuntsayen suna daukar lokaci mai yawa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. A can suna ƙoƙari su samo tsaba, invertebrates, waɗanda iska ta busa daga bishiyoyi. Hakanan, abincin ya hada da itacen itace: spruce, pine. Idan babu wadataccen abinci a mazaunin, to tsuntsu na iya yin ƙaura zuwa yankuna na kusa.
A lokacin rani, abincin ya fi fadi. Ya hada da Lepidoptera, Beetles, Homoptera, Spiders. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ƙwayoyin beetles suna cin caterpillars, weevils, beetles beetles da aphids. Ta wannan fifikon abinci, tsuntsayen da ke keɓaɓɓu na da babbar fa'ida ga dajin. Yawancin kwarin da ke sama kwari ne. Kadan da yawa, abincin ya hada da kudaje, hymenoptera, da sauran kananan kwari.
Titmouse mai yunwa na iya yin awoyi yana neman abinci wa kansa. Tana bincikar kowane itaciya a cikin gandun daji, tana bincika ƙasa don abinci mai dacewa. Kowane ƙaramin abu yana faɗuwa a ƙarƙashin duban ta: gaɓoɓi, fasa a cikin haushi, fashewa. Bayan duk wannan, a irin waɗannan wuraren ne zaka iya samun kwari, ƙwai na kwari, da sauran kayan marmari. Corydalis yana neman mafi girman ganima daga iska. Tana iya kusan nan take ta “birki” a cikin iska, ta lura da wani abu da ake ci a itace ko ƙasa. Duk da ƙaramin girmanta, ƙirar da aka kirkira ita ce kyakkyawar mafarauci!
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Crested Tit
Grenadier tsuntsu ne mai matukar wuya ga kowane shiri. Wadannan dabbobin suna kokarin nisantar mutane, sun fi son zama a cikin daji. Koyaya, a zamaninmu, zaku iya ƙara samun manƙan kwaya a ƙauye har ma da wuraren shakatawa na birni. Suna haɗuwa tare da sauran tsuntsaye, mafi yawan lokuta wakilai na titmice. Grenadiers suna raira waƙa a hankali. Ana iya jin muryar su a farkon bazara.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, titaƙƙarfan titin mazauni ne na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Tana guje wa gandun dazuzzuka kwata-kwata. Don rayuwa, dabbar tana zaɓar tsakiyar tsirrai da gandun daji. Kadan yakan zabi kananan bishiyoyi don yin gida. Ana iya samun ƙananan mutane a cikin gandun daji da aka gauraya. Grenadiers suna guje wa kusanci da mutane. Sun fi so su ciyar da rayuwarsu a cikin daji, kawai lokaci-lokaci suna bayyana a ƙauyuka, wuraren shakatawa na gari, murabba'ai.
Crested titmouses dabbobi ne masu aiki sosai. Ba za su iya zama shiru ba. Kowace rana waɗannan tsuntsayen suna bincika daji don abinci. Ba wai kawai suna cin abincinsu ba ne, amma kuma suna sanya shi a cikin gida, a ajiye. Corydalis suna cike da abinci shekara-shekara. Wannan yana taimaka musu su rayu a lokacin sanyi lokacin da ba za a iya samun kwari ba. Grenadiers suna gina gidaje a tsofaffin kututture da bishiyoyi. Sun zabi ramuka na halitta. Wani lokacin watsi da gida na kwara da squirrels suna shagaltar. An sanya gidajensu a tsakanin mita uku daga ƙasa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An san cewa yawancin tsuntsaye suna canza zaninsu saboda canjin yanayi, yanayin yanayi, yanayi. Tsuntsaye masu kwalliya suna riƙe da launi iri ɗaya koyaushe a cikin shekara.
Grenadier tsuntsaye ne na makaranta. A sauƙaƙe tana tafiya tare a cikin garken tumaki tare da tambarin sarauta, pikas, frogs frort, woodpeckers. Godiya ga masu katako, irin waɗannan garken ƙananan tsuntsayen suna da yawan rayuwa. Daga cikin tsuntsayen garken ta, ana iya gane tsuntsun da ya kewaya ba kawai ta hanyar alamun sa na waje ba, amma kuma ta hanyar karar burinta.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Crested Tit, ko Grenadier
Lokacin saduwa ga wannan nau'in tsuntsaye yana farawa ne daga bazara. A ƙarshen Maris, Corydalis suna neman ɗayan biyu don kansu, sun fara gina gida. Dabbobin gida gida biyu. Maza suna yawan raira waƙa da ƙarfi yayin lokacin saduwa. Yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki goma sha ɗaya don gina gida don gurneti. Wani lokaci sai ya zama don gina gida da sauri - a cikin mako guda. Wasu nau'i-nau'i suna zama a cikin shirye-shiryen da aka watsar da sauran tsuntsayen.
An sanya narkakkun Corydalis a cikin ramin bishiyoyi, rubabben kututture tare da kunkuntar mashiga. Yawancin lokaci ana gina "gidaje" ba masu tsayi ba - a nesa da bai fi mita uku daga ƙasa ba. Koyaya, a cikin yanayi, an sami gurbi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, wanda yake a ƙasa da kuma nesa nesa da ƙasa. Don gina gida, titmouse yana amfani da abubuwa daban-daban: lichen, ulu, gashi, shuke-shuken shuke-shuke, cobwebs, cocoons na kwari. Kimanin kwana goma bayan kafawar gida, mace ta fara yin ƙwai. A cikin shekara guda, tsuntsayen wannan nau'in na iya samun tsintsiya biyu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Corydalis sune farkon waɗanda suka fara ƙwai. Sun bayyana a cikin nests a farkon rabin watan Afrilu.
A wani lokaci, mace irin ƙwaro tana yin ƙwai kusan tara. Qwai kanana ne, suna da sheki mai sheki, fari fari mai launuka ja da purple. Da nauyi, ƙwai ba su wuce gram 1.3 ba, kuma tsayi kawai milimita goma sha shida ne. Bayan ƙwai sun ƙyanƙyashe, mace ta kasance a cikin gida. Ta sanya zuriya ta gaba don kwanaki goma sha biyar. A wannan lokacin, ma'aurata suna tsunduma cikin hakar abinci. Namiji ba kawai ya ci kansa ba, har ma yana ciyar da mace. Bayan sati biyu, ana haihuwar kajin. An haife su gaba daya marasa ƙarfi, don haka da farko iyayensu ne ke kula dasu.
Abokan gaba na halittun tsuntsaye
Hoto: Yaya ɗan ƙaramin titin yake
Grenadier karamin tsuntsu ne ƙwarai. Ba ta da ikon kare kanta a cikin daji. Saboda wannan dalili, irin waɗannan dabbobin suna runtumi cikin garken. Wannan hanyar suna da mafi kyawun damar rayuwa. Don kar a cutar da mai farauta, to dole ne a mai da hankali sosai, a wani hadari kaɗan, ɓuya a cikin ƙananan ramuka da ke cikin bishiyoyi. Corydalis suna taimakawa iyawar su don kare kansu daga wani mutuwar. Suna tashi cikin sauri, abin motsi.
Abokan gaba na dabbobin kirki sun hada da:
- tsuntsaye na ganima. Kusan dukkanin tsuntsayen ganima suna da haɗari. Wsirai, mujiya mikiya, owl ba za su taɓa ƙi cin abinci tare da grenadier ba. Masu farauta suna kai wa ƙananan tsuntsaye hari daidai cikin iska. Suna kame-kame da ganima da kafafuwa masu taurin kai;
- kuliyoyi... Kuliyoyin daji suna farautar kuliyoyin daji, amma wani lokacin sukan zama ganima ga kuliyoyin gida na gari. Kuliyoyin gida suna afkawa tsuntsayen da suka ɓace ba zato ba tsammani a wurin shakatawar, a farfajiyar wani gida mai zaman kansa;
- martens, Foxes. Wadannan dabbobin suna kama kananan tsuntsaye a kasa lokacin da suke neman hatsi;
- masu katako, yan kwalliya. Tare da waɗannan dabbobin, grenadiers suna gasa don mafi kyawun ramuka a cikin gandun daji. 'Yan itace da' yan iska sukan lalata gidajen da aka toshe, wasu lokuta sukan saci kwayayensu, su kashe zuriya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: dirƙirar tsuntsaye
Karkataccen titin dabba ne mai yaɗuwa. Wurin da yake zaune ya mamaye kusan duk Turai, Urals ta Kudu. Wannan tsuntsu ne mara nutsuwa wanda a yanayi na musamman kawai yake canza wurin zama. Sabili da haka, yawan masu yawanta saukakke ne daga masana kimiyya. A halin yanzu, adadin corydalis ya fara daga miliyan shida zuwa miliyan goma sha biyu. An ba shi Matsayi na Yanayi: Learfafa Damuwa.
Yawan jama'a kusan koyaushe yana da karko. Lokaci kawai yawan mutane yana canzawa sosai. Misali, yana raguwa sosai cikin shekaru tare da tsananin sanyin hunturu. Tsuntsaye da yawa suna mutuwa saboda sanyi da rashin abinci. Koyaya, tuni a ƙarshen bazara, tsuntsaye masu daskararre sun sake dawo da yawan su saboda yawan haihuwa. A cikin ɗayan tsuntsun da aka bashi, koyaushe akwai ƙwai aƙalla huɗu. Mace na iya hayayyafa zuriya sau biyu a shekara.
Fun gaskiya: Masanan kimiyya suna amfani da tsuntsaye masu ɗauka kamar dabbobin samfurin. Tare da taimakonsu, ana nazarin yanayin ƙasa da halayyar tsuntsaye. Hakanan, grenadiers ana amfani dasu a binciken kimiyya ta hanyar masanan.
Theididdigar yawan jama'a suna da yawa a yau. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai wasu abubuwa marasa kyau wadanda ke haifar da raguwar adadin tsuntsaye. Wannan ba sanyaya bane kawai, amma kuma yana da raguwa mai yawa a cikin adadin kwantenan coniferous. Yin sare dazuzzuka da ba a sarrafawa na iya haifar da ƙarancin dabbobi.
Crested tit Aaramar tsuntsuwa ce mai yaɗuwa. Yana da haske, bayyananne bayyanar kuma yanada fa'ida sosai ga muhalli, yana lalata kwari masu cutarwa a cikin dazukan coniferous. Grenadiers wakokin tsuntsaye ne. Ana iya jin motsin hayaniyarsu a ƙarshen Maris. A yau wannan nau'in tsuntsayen suna da karko mai yawa.
Ranar bugawa: 01/21/2020
Ranar da aka sabunta: 04.10.2019 a 23:39
