Saker Falcon - babban nau'in gaguwa. Tsuntsu ne babba, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da manyan ƙafafu da fikafikan kai masu kaifi. Ya fi girma girma da falcon, amma kaɗan ya fi gyrfalcon girma kuma yana da fika fuka-fukai masu faɗi da girmansa. Saker Falcons suna da launuka iri-iri daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa launin toka da kusan farare. Wannan katuwar kwarjinin mahaukaciya ce wacce take saurin amfani da mutane tare da mallakar kwarewar farauta da kyau. Kuna iya neman ƙarin bayani game da matsalolin wannan nau'in mai ban mamaki, salon rayuwarsa, halaye, matsalolin ɓacewa a cikin wannan ɗab'in.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Saker Falcon
A lokacin wanzuwar ta, wannan jinsin ya kasance a karkashin tsarin ba da izini da rarraba layuka, wanda hakan ke da matukar wahalar da binciken jerin DNA. Ba za a yi fatan cewa nazarin kwayoyin tare da ƙaramin samfurin zai nuna ƙarshe a cikin ɗaukacin rukunin ba. Radiyon kowane irin bambancin rayuwa na kakannin Saker Falcons, wanda ya faru a lokacin rikice-rikice a farkon ƙarshen Pleistocene, yana da matukar wahala.
Bidiyo: Saker Falcon
Saker Falcon tsararraki ne da ya bazu daga arewa maso gabashin Afirka zuwa kudu maso gabashin Turai da Asiya ta gabashin yankin Bahar Rum. A cikin fursuna, Falcon Rum da Saker Falcon na iya haɗuwa, ƙari, haɗuwa tare da gyrfalcon mai yiwuwa ne. Sunan gama gari Saker Falcon ya fito daga larabci kuma yana nufin "falcon".
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Saker Falcon tsuntsaye ne na tarihin Hungary da kuma tsuntsayen ƙasar ta Hungary. A shekarar 2012, an zabi Saker Falcon a matsayin tsuntsayen kasar Mongolia.
Saker Falcons a gefen arewa maso gabas na dutsen a tsaunukan Altai sun fi girma girma, sun fi duhu kuma an fi gani a ƙananan ɓangarorin fiye da sauran jama'a. An san su da lakabin Altai, an ɗauke su a baya a matsayin ko dai wani nau'in jinsin "Falco altaicus" ko kuma a matsayin haɗe tsakanin Saker Falcon da Gyrfalcon, amma bincike na zamani ya nuna cewa mai yiwuwa nau'ikan Saker Falcon ne.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya Saker Falcon yayi kama?
Saker Falcon ya ɗan fi Gyrfalcon ƙanana. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna nuna bambancin launi da kwatankwacinsu, wanda ya kasance daga launin ruwan hoda mai kama da kyau zuwa mau kirim ko tushe mai launin ruwan kasa ko jijiyoyi. Balabans suna da launuka fari ko kodadde kan kyallen fuka-fukan gashin jela. Tunda launuka yawanci mai kyan gani ne a ƙarƙashin fikafikan, yana da fasali mai haske idan aka kwatanta shi da duwatsu masu haɗe-haɗe da kuma gashin tsuntsu.
Tsuntsayen Saker sun fi maza girma kuma yawanci suna yin nauyi daga 970 zuwa 1300 g, suna da matsakaita tsayi na 55 cm, fikafikan daga 120 zuwa 130 cm Maza sun fi yawa kuma suna da nauyi daga 780 zuwa 1090 g, suna da matsakaicin tsayi kusan 45 cm, fikafikan daga 100 zuwa 110 cm. Nau'in yana da "antennae" mai kamala a cikin yanayin ratsi mai duhu a gefen kai. Bayan narkewar a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, fukafukai, baya da wutsiyar sama na tsuntsaye sun sami duhu mai duhu. Shudayen shudi sun zama rawaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abubuwan fasali da launin Saker Falcon sun bambanta ƙwarai a duk fagen rarraba shi. Al’ummar Turai suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kyakkyawan yanayin ciyarwa a yankin kiwo, in ba haka ba suna matsawa zuwa gabashin Bahar Rum ko kuma kudu zuwa gabashin Afirka.
Fuka-fukin balaban doguwa ne, masu fadi da kuma kaifi, masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a sama, masu diga-digo ne da tudu. A saman wutsiya launin ruwan kasa ne mai haske. Halin halayyar shine mai launin kirim mai haske. A Tsakiyar Turai yana da sauƙin gano wannan nau'in ta yankunanta na yankuna masu ɗabi'a, a yankunan da aka sami falcon na Rum (F. biarmicus feldeggi), akwai gagarumar damar rikicewa.
Ina Saker Falcon yake zaune?
Hotuna: Saker Falcon a Rasha
Balabans (galibi ana kiransu "Saker Falcons") ana samun su a cikin hamada rabin sahara da kuma yankuna dazuzzuka daga Gabashin Turai zuwa Asiya ta Tsakiya, inda suke mafi rinjayen "ungiyar hamada". Balabans suna yin ƙaura zuwa sassan arewacin kudancin Asiya da wasu sassan Afirka don hunturu. Kwanan nan, an yi ƙoƙari na kiwata balabans a yamma har zuwa Jamus. Ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin kewayon ko'ina a cikin yankin Palaearctic daga Gabashin Turai zuwa yammacin China.
Sun haifa a:
- Jamhuriyar Czech;
- Armeniya;
- Makidoniya;
- Rasha;
- Ostiriya;
- Bulgaria;
- Sabiya;
- Iraki;
- Kuroshiya;
- Georgia;
- Hungary;
- Moldova
Wakilan jinsin a kai a kai sukan mamaye ko kuma tashi zuwa:
- Italiya;
- Malta;
- Sudan;
- zuwa Cyprus;
- Isra'ila;
- Masar;
- Jordan;
- Libya;
- Tunisia;
- Kenya;
- Habasha.
A cikin adadi kaɗan, mutane masu yawo suna isa wasu ƙasashe da yawa. Yawan mutanen duniya ya zama batun binciken. Saker Falcons gida a cikin bishiyoyi 15-20 a sama da ƙasa, a cikin wuraren shakatawa da kuma a cikin gandun daji a gefen layin itace. Babu wanda ya taɓa ganin balaban yana gina gidansa. Yawanci sukan mamaye wasu gurbi na watsi da wasu jinsunan tsuntsaye, wani lokacin ma sukan kori masu gidan kuma su zauna a gidajen. A cikin wasu wuraren da ba za a iya samun damar shiga ba, Saker Falcons sanannu ne don amfani da sheƙu a kan tsaunukan dutse.
Menene balaban yake ci?
Hotuna: Saker Falcon a cikin jirgin
Kamar sauran falcons, balabans suna da kaifi, masu lanƙwasa ƙusoshin hannu waɗanda aka yi amfani da su musamman don kame ganima. Suna amfani da bakunansu masu karfi, masu kamo kashin baya. A lokacin kiwo, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar su squirrels, hamsters, jerboas, gerbils, hares da pikas na iya yin 60 zuwa 90% na abincin Saker.
A wani yanayin kuma, tsuntsayen da ke zaune a ƙasa kamar su kwarto, hazel grouses, pheasants da sauran tsuntsayen sama kamar ducks, heron har ma da sauran tsuntsaye masu cin nama (owls, kestrels, da dai sauransu) na iya lissafin 30 zuwa 50% na duk farauta, musamman a cikin yankunan dazuzzuka. Hakanan Saker Falcons na iya cin manyan ƙadangare.
Babban abincin Balaban shine:
- tsuntsaye;
- dabbobi masu rarrafe;
- dabbobi masu shayarwa;
- 'yan amshi;
- kwari.
Saker Falcon ya dace da farauta kusa da ƙasa a cikin yankuna masu buɗewa, yana haɗuwa da hanzari tare da saurin motsi kuma don haka ƙwararre ne a cikin ƙananan beraye. Yana farauta a cikin shimfidar shimfidar ciyawa kamar hamada, rabin hamada, steppes, noma da yankunan busassun tsaunuka.
A wasu yankuna, musamman kusa da ruwa har ma da yanayin birni, balaban ya sauya zuwa tsuntsaye a matsayin babban abin farautarsa. Kuma a wasu yankuna na Turai, yana farautar tantabaru da kuma ɓerayen gida. Tsuntsayen suna bin abin farauta a cikin sarari, suna neman ganima daga duwatsu da bishiyoyi. Balaban yana aiwatar da harin nasa ne a kwance, kuma baya faduwa kan wanda aka azabtar daga sama, kamar sauran 'yan uwansa.
Yanzu kun san yadda ake ciyar da Saker Falcon. Bari muga yadda tsuntsu ke rayuwa a daji.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Saker Falcon tsuntsu
Balaban yana cikin tsaunukan daji, dazuzzuka, da filayen ciyawa, da sauran wuraren zama masu bushe da bishiyoyi, duwatsu, ko kayan tallafi na lantarki, musamman kusa da ruwa. Ana iya ganin sa a kan dutse ko bishiya mai tsayi, inda zaka iya yin nazarin kewaye da kewayen don ganima.
Balaban dan ci-rani ne. Tsuntsaye daga yankin arewacin kiwo suna ta ƙaura sosai, amma tsuntsayen da suka fi yawa daga mutanen kudu ba sa iya zama idan akwai wadataccen abinci. Tsuntsayen hunturu tare da gabar tekun Bahar Maliya a Saudi Arabiya, Sudan, da Kenya sun yi kiwo galibi a yamma da manyan tsaunukan tsaunuka na Asiya ta Tsakiya. Hijirar Saker Falcons tana faruwa galibi daga tsakiyar watan Satumba zuwa Nuwamba, kuma mafi girman lokacin da aka dawo da ƙaura yana faruwa a tsakiyar Fabrairu-Afrilu, mutane na ƙarshe da suka zo ƙarshen ƙarshen Mayu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Farauta tare da Saker Falcon sanannen nau'i ne na shashasha, wanda bai ƙasa da farin cikin farauta da shaho ba. Tsuntsaye suna da alaƙa da maigidan, saboda haka mafarauta suna yaba su sosai.
Saker Falcons ba tsuntsaye bane masu zaman kansu. Sun fi son kada su saita gidajen su kusa da sauran nau'ikan nesting. Abin takaici, saboda lalacewar mazauninsu, Saker Falcons an tilasta su kusanci juna, fiye da kowane lokaci. A cikin yankuna da wadataccen abinci, Saker Falcons galibi suna gida gida kusa. Nisa tsakanin nau'i-nau'i ya kasance daga nau'i uku zuwa hudu a kowane 0.5 km 0.5 zuwa nau'i-nau'i waɗanda ke kilomita 10 ko fiye a yankunan tsaunuka da matakai. Matsakaicin tsaka-tsakin yana kasancewa biyu bisa kowane kilomita 4-5.5.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Saker Falcon
Don jan hankalin mace, maza suna shiga cikin zanga-zangar ban mamaki a cikin iska, kamar sauran membobin jinsin falcon. Namiji Saker Falcons ya hau saman yankunansu, yana yin sautuka mai ƙarfi. Suna gama jirginsu na zanga-zanga ta saukowa kusa da wani gida mai dacewa. A cikin ganawa mafi kusa da abokin tarayya ko mai son zuwa, Saker Falcons sun sunkuyar da kai.
Maza sukan ciyar da mata a lokacin nest. Yayin da yake neman wacce za ta aura, namijin zai tashi yawo da ganima daga faratansa, ko kawo wa mace a kokarin nuna cewa shi mai sayar da abinci ne mai kyau. A cikin brood akwai daga ƙwai 2 zuwa 6, amma yawanci lambar su daga 3 zuwa 5. Bayan an sa ƙwan na uku, farawa yana farawa, wanda ya kasance daga kwanaki 32 zuwa 36. Gabaɗaya, kamar yawancin falcons, zuriyar yara maza suna haɓaka da sauri fiye da 'yan mata.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sananan kajin an rufe su ƙasa kuma ana haifuwa idanunsu a rufe, amma suna buɗe su bayan fewan kwanaki. Suna da zoben guda biyu kafin su kai manyan layu. Wannan na faruwa yayin da suka ɗan girma shekara.
Mata na isa balaga kusan shekara ɗaya kafin maza. Kaji na fara tashi sama yana da shekaru 45 zuwa 50, amma ya ci gaba da zama a cikin gida na tsawon kwanaki 30-45, wani lokacin kuma ya fi tsayi. Idan akwai babban abinci, asalin abinci, thea offspringan zasu iya zama tare na ɗan lokaci.
Yayinda suke cikin gida, kajin yakan yi ihu don jan hankalin iyayensu idan sun keɓe, sanyi, ko yunwa. Kari kan haka, mata na iya yin wata kara mai saurin "ballewa" don karfafa wa jariransu gwiwa su bude bakinsu don karbar abinci. Lokacin da aka ciyar da yara da kyau, kajin yakan yi kyau fiye da yadda ake cin abinci tare da rashin abinci. A cikin farin ciki, kaji suna raba abinci kuma suna bincika juna da zarar sun fara tashi. Sabanin haka, idan abinci ya yi karanci, kaji suna kiyaye abincinsu daga juna kuma suna iya kokarin satar abinci daga iyayensu.
Balaban makiya na zahiri
Hotuna: Saker Falcon a cikin hunturu
Saker Falcons ba su da masaniya a cikin daji banda mutane. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da matukar tashin hankali. Ofaya daga cikin dalilan da masu faɗakar da su ke girmama su shine kasancewar sun dage sosai yayin yanke shawarar zaɓar wanda abin ya shafa. Balaban ya bi kayan abincinsa babu kakkautawa, koda cikin dazuzzuka.
A da, ana amfani da su wajen kai hari ga babban wasa kamar barewa. Tsuntsun ya bi sahun wanda aka kashe har sai da ya kashe dabbar. Saker Falcons suna da haƙuri, mafarauta marasa gafartawa. Suna shawagi a cikin iska ko kuma su zauna akan tekun su na awanni, suna lura da ganima kuma suna gyara ainihin wurin da suke so. Mata kusan koyaushe suna mamaye maza. Wani lokacin sukanyi kokarin satar kayan junan su.
Wannan nau'in yana fama da:
- tura wutar lantarki akan layukan wuta;
- raguwar samun hakar saboda asara da lalacewar stepes da busassun makiyaya sakamakon haɓakar noma, ƙirƙirar gonaki;
- raguwar matakin kiwon garken tumaki, kuma sakamakon raguwar yawan kananan tsuntsaye;
- tarko don falconry, wanda ke haifar da ɓacewar cikin gida na yawan jama'a;
- amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da ke haifar da cutar ta biyu.
Adadin Saker Falcons da ake kamawa duk shekara shine 6 825 8 400 tsuntsaye. Daga cikin wadannan, mafi yawansu (77%) mata ne matasa, sai kuma 19% na manyan mata, sai kashi 3% na samari da kuma 1% na manyan maza, wanda hakan na iya haifar da mummunan son zuciya a cikin daji.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya Saker Falcon yayi kama?
Binciken bayanan da aka samu ya haifar da kimanta yawan mutanen duniya 17,400 zuwa 28,800 nau'i-nau'i, tare da adadi mafi yawa a China (3000-7000 nau'i-nau'i), Kazakhstan (4.808-5.628 nau'i-nau'i), Mongolia (2792-6980 nau'i-nau'i) da Rasha (5700- 7300 nau'i-nau'i). Europeanananan mutanen Turai an kiyasta su a nau'i-nau'i 350-500, wanda yake daidai da 710-990 waɗanda suka manyanta. Yawan jama'a a Turai kuma wataƙila a Mongolia a halin yanzu yana ƙaruwa, amma yawan yanayin yawan jama'a ana yin la'akari da mummunan.
Idan muka ɗauka cewa tsara tana ɗaukar shekaru 6.4, kuma adadin wannan nau'in ya riga ya fara raguwa (aƙalla a wasu yankuna) kafin shekarun 1990, yanayin yawan jama'a a tsawon shekaru 19 tsakanin 1993-2012 yayi daidai da ragin 47% (gwargwadon ƙididdigar matsakaici) tare da mafi ƙarancin ragi na 2-75% a kowace shekara. Dangane da rashin tabbas game da yawan alkaluman da aka yi amfani da su, bayanan farko sun nuna cewa wannan nau'in ya ragu da aƙalla 50% sama da ƙarni uku.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Saker Falconers, saboda girmansu da yawa, an fi son su da mahaukata, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaiton jinsi tsakanin mazaunan daji. A zahiri, kusan 90% na kusan falcons 2,000 waɗanda ke makale kowace shekara yayin ƙaurarsu ta kaka mata ne.
Waɗannan lambobin ba su da tabbas kamar yadda aka kama wasu Saker Falcons kuma aka fitar da su ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, saboda haka ba shi yiwuwa a san ainihin adadin Saker Falcons da ake girba a cikin daji kowace shekara. Kaji ya fi sauƙi a horar da shi, saboda haka yawancin Saker Falcons sun kusan kai shekara. Kari akan haka, yawancin mahaukatan suna sakin dabbobinsu saboda suna da wahalar kulawa yayin watannin zafi kuma yawancin tsuntsayen da aka horar suna gudu.
Saker Falcons
Hotuna: Saker Falcon daga littafin Red
Jinsi ne mai kariya wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Bayanai na Ja na yawancin yankuna masu yawa, musamman a ɓangarorin yamma. An jera tsuntsu a cikin Shafi na I da na II na CMS (har zuwa Nuwamba 2011, ban da yawan Mongoliya) da Rataye na II na CITES, kuma a 2002 CITES sun sanya takunkumin kasuwanci a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, wanda ya yi matukar shafar kasuwar da ba ta da tsari a can. Wannan yana faruwa a wurare da yawa masu kariya a duk tsayin tsuntsaye.
Ingantawa da kulawa mai ƙarfi ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa yawan jama'ar Hungary yana ƙaruwa koyaushe. An gabatar da sarrafa kasuwanci ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a ƙasashe daban-daban na yamma a cikin 1990s. Kiwo mai kamun kai ya ci gaba sosai a wasu ƙasashe, gami da UAE, a madadin madadin tsuntsayen da suka tsiro. An kafa asibitoci don inganta rayuwa da wadatar tsuntsayen da ke kamun daji a wasu ƙasashe na Tekun Fasha.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An gina wasu gidajan roba a wasu yankuna, musamman a Mongolia, an fara aiwatar da wani gini don gina gurbi na wucin gadi 5,000 da Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Abu Dhabi ta samar, waɗanda ake sa ran za su samar da wuraren kwana har zuwa nau'i-nau'i 500. Wannan shirin a Mongolia ya haifar da ƙyanƙyasar kaji 2,000 a 2013.
Saker Falcon Yana da mahimmin mai cin gaban ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye masu matsakaici. An ƙaddamar da Tsarin Ayyuka na Duniya don Saker Falcon a cikin 2014. Yunkurin kiyayewa a cikin Turai ya haifar da kyakkyawan yanayin alƙaluma. Sabbin shirye-shiryen bincike a yankuna da dama na zangon sun fara kafa bayanan asali kan rarrabawa, yawan jama'a, yanayin kasa da kuma barazana. Misali, ana bin diddigin mutane ta tauraron dan adam don gano bakin haure da amfani da filayen kiwo.
Ranar bugawa: 26.10.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 11.11.2019 a 11:59
