Dace a taƙaice a cikin girmanta, amma yana da saurin motsi da motsi, don haka ƙwararren masani ne kawai zai iya kama shi. Abin farin ciki na kamun kifi an buga shi da mahimmanci, saboda a nan kuna buƙatar nuna duk ƙwarewar ku da ƙarfin ku. Bari muyi kokarin gano wace irin rayuwar karkashin ruwa ce dace take kaiwa, me ya banbanta ta da sauran kifaye, me ya fi so a ci abincin rana, a ina ake tura ta koyaushe da yadda take yaduwa?
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Yelets
Dacewa na daga cikin kifin mai rai-rai kuma dangin carp ne, tsari irin na carp da kuma dace dace.
Ana la'akari da Dace da ita wacce aka fi sani, amma akwai ƙarin nau'ikan kifin guda biyu:
- Kyrgyz dace ta zabi yankunan ruwa na Kyrgyzstan da Kazakhstan;
- Siberian dace sun kasance cikin kogunan Siberia.
Hakanan akwai nau'ikan kifin na jinsin dace, daga cikinsu akwai:
- Zeravshan dace;
- dace na Caspian;
- Danilevsky dace;
- talas dace.
Halaye na gama gari suna gama gari ne ga duk ƙananan ƙananan, amma kuma akwai takamaiman bambance-bambance. Danilevsky's dace yana da duhu mai duhu ko baki mai duhu, a gefen gefen sautin ma'aunin shine launin toka mai launin azurfa. Fins ɗin da ke ƙasa suna da launin rawaya-lemo ko rawaya-ja a launi. Iris na ido yana da launin rawaya-orange.
Bidiyo: Yelets
Dacewar Siberia tana da duhun kore mai duhu da kuma gefen azurfa. Launin fins yana iya zama mai ɗan ja ko zama fari. Siffar jikin wannan kifin ya fi na dacewar gama gari, wanda za mu bayyana bayaninsa dalla-dalla a ƙasa. Siberian kuma ana rarrabe shi da bakin ƙarshe.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa bayyanar Dace da girmansu galibi ana tantance su ne ta wuraren da aka tura su na dindindin da kasancewar albarkatun abinci a cikin tafki. Wadannan kifin ba su da bambanci a manyan girma da sifofi manya. A matsakaici, tsayin jikin dace yakai 15 cm.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai rubutaccen shaidar da ta nuna cewa mafi girman dace da aka kama shi tsawon 40 cm an auna kilogram daya.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yadda dace ya yi kama
Dace shine kifin ruwa mai kyau wanda ya fi son koguna da ruwa mai tsafta mai wadataccen oxygen da ƙasan dutse. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, yawancin kifin da ya fi kowa yawa daga 15 zuwa 20 cm, kuma yawansu bai wuce gram ɗari biyu ba. Jikin dace yana da tsayi kuma an matse shi daga bangarorin; babban sautin mafi girman ma'aunin shine azurfa. A baya, ana iya ganin launin shuɗi mai duhu, kuma a yankin ɓangarorin da ciki, launin kifin haske ne.
Tarshen ƙwanƙolin an yanke shi, kuma caudal fin an tsawanta, an zana su cikin launuka masu duhu, kuma fika ɗin da ke gaban, da fin na bayan fure, suna da launin toka-toka mai launin ja-rawaya. Babu tabo, ratsiyoyi ko wasu alamu a cikin dace dace, makircin launin azurfa mai ɗimbin yawa yayi nasara, kawai tudu mai launin duhu ne.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Launin fins yakan canza tare da shekarun kifin, ya zama ya zama rawaya. A lokacin da ake haihuwa, farjin namiji ya zama ja sosai.
Shugaban dace, dangane da girman jikinsa, yana da daidaito kuma an ɗan gajarta shi. An bambanta kifin ta karamin ƙarami na ƙasa, wanda a ciki ake lura da jeri biyu na haƙoran haƙori. Adadin gill gill a dace ya bambanta daga 8 zuwa 10. Sikeli a cikin kifi matsakaici ne a girman, tare da layin gefe za'a iya samun daga 45 zuwa 55.
Iris na idanuwan na gama gari baki ne. Bayyanar Dace tayi daidai da sifofin halayyar chub, amma na farkon yana da kankantar jiki da kai. Koda a jikin finafinan launin toka-da rawaya na dace akwai ƙirar halayya, kuma a cikin zub ɗin tana da sifa mai juzu'i da launuka ja.
Ina dace take?
Hotuna: Yelets a Rasha
Yelets yana son ƙananan koguna, inda halin yanzu ba ya da sauri, kuma ruwan yana da tsabta kuma yana bayyana. Hakanan zaku iya haɗuwa da wannan kifin a yankin ruwa na tafkuna masu gudana, a cikin wasu ruwaye masu ambaliyar ruwa wanda wani lokacin yakan ziyarta. Faɗa suna son ƙasa mai duwatsu ko yashi. Inda kasan yana da laka, ba za ku ga wannan kifin mai laushi ba. A dace da yankin ƙasarmu, Dace tana zaune cikin tsarin koguna da tabkuna na yankin Baltic da sauran tekuna na kudu. Kifi sun zaɓi ruwan Siberia da na Gabas mai Nisa.
Don haka, ana iya samun dacewar Siberia a cikin raƙuman ruwa:
- Kolyma;
- Yenisei;
- Obi;
- Lena
Wannan jinsin Dali yana zabar kananan koguna, yana taruwa a cikin su cikin garken tumaki da yawa, wanda galibi yakan cinye sauran mazaunan kifin. Ruwa ba ya rayuwa a cikin tsarin kogin mallakar yankin Tekun Pacific.
La'akari da yankin rarraba dace, dangane da sauran ƙananan raƙuman nasa:
- Kyrgyz dace ta zabi koguna kamar su Nura, Chu, Turgai. Kifin yana zaune ne a yankunan ruwa na Kazakhstan da Kyrgyzstan;
- Danilevsky dace za'a iya samun sa a Don da Dnieper;
- Talas dace yana zaune ne a can kasan Talas, a cikin Kogin Ass, a cikin tabkuna Ashi-Kul da Baili-Kul;
- Zeravshan dace ya kasance cikin Amu Darya, Zeravshan da Syrdarya;
- Dacewar Transcaspian tana cikin ruwan kogunan Tejen da Murghab.
A cikin yankuna na Belarus da Ukraine, dace zaune:
- Yammacin Dvina;
- Haɗa
- Dnieper;
- Kayayyakin Arewa.
A Yammacin Turai, dacewar tana rayuwa a cikin tafki da tsarin kogin Baltic, Black Sea da kuma Tekun Arewa. Ba za ku same shi a cikin yankuna na Balkan da Iberian Peninsulas ba. Wannan kifin ana ɗaukarsa mai zaman kansa, amma yawancin ya dogara da inganci da tsarkin ruwa. Idan wannan mai nuna alama ya canza zuwa mummunan yanayi, garken dace suna shawagi a sama, suna neman ruwa mai tsabta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dace tana son ɓarkewar abinci, saboda a irin waɗannan wuraren ruwan yana da babban iskar oxygen.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami dace. Bari muga me zai ci.
Me dace ke ci?
Photo: Dace a cikin ruwa
Kayan Daman ya bambanta sosai; zaka iya ganin jita-jita na asalin dabbobi da shuke-shuke a ciki. Thearshen sun fi ƙanƙan yawa, amma har yanzu suna nan. Mallakar karamin baki-kasa, dacewar tana bukatar yin iyo sosai dangane da yanayin ruwa domin saurin kwace abinci.
Dace yana da sau ƙwarai kuma mai sauri, saboda haka yana iya tsinkaya kai tsaye kan duk abin da ake ci wanda ya shiga cikin ruwa. Lokacin da Dadewa ke ciyarwa a saman ruwa, sai a ji yar karamar fantsama, wacce jikin kifin ya kirkireshi lokacin da yake tashi.
A lokacin rani, abincin kifin ya ƙunshi kowane nau'in kwari da ke rayuwa a yankin bakin teku (a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi, shrubs da ciyawa kusa da ruwa) kuma shiga cikin ruwa. Hakanan Dace suna cin kwari na cikin ruwa da tsutsarsu cikin farin ciki.
Don haka, kifi yana son abun ciye-ciye:
- mazari;
- ƙwaro iri-iri;
- malam buɗe ido;
- ciyawar ciyawa;
- kudaje;
- matsakaici
- zubar jini;
- sauro;
- mayfilu;
- shitiks;
- caddis tashi.
A lokacin hunturu, yawanci menu ya ƙunshi:
- katako;
- kayan kwalliya;
- tsutsa;
- tsutsotsi;
- kayan abinci;
- daphnia, da dai sauransu.
A lokacin bazara, lokacin ruwa mai yawa, dace ciyawa a cikin ambaliyar ruwa da ke ambaliyar ruwa, inda suke kuma cin abinci akan tsutsotsi, kowane irin kwari da tsutsa. Daga abincin shuke-shuke, Daman fi son cin abinci akan filamentous algae, yana son kowane irin hatsi (hatsi, hatsin rai, alkama), yana son masara. Duk wannan za'a iya yanke hukunci ta abubuwan cikin cikin waɗancan kifaye waɗanda aka kama.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da lokacin haihuwa ya ƙare, dace ya fara cin abinci, yana cin ƙwai na sauran kifin, yana haifar musu da cutarwa.
Idan ya shafi kamun kifi, dandanon dace ya kan canza yanayi. A lokacin bazara yana son tsutsotsi, a farkon lokacin bazara yana son ɗanɗanar kuɗar da bahaushe, a ƙarshen bazara ya fi son ciyawa. Anglers ya kamata lura da wannan. Saboda zabin sa don abubuwa daban-daban, Dace ana daukarta a matsayin ganima mai wahalar gaske, don kama ta kana buƙatar ƙoƙari ka kuma koyi halaye nata.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Dace kifi
Dangane da abincin kifi, dacewar ana iya danganta shi ga masu farauta, sabili da haka yana nuna hali yadda yakamata: yana jira a cikin rafin ruwa, yana ɓuya a bayan duwatsu daban-daban, tudun ƙasa, tsummoki. Nan take kifin zai afkawa kwari da ke iyo ko fadawa cikin ruwa. Haka kuma dacewar tana son farautar kwari masu tashi sama, kusan a saman ruwa sosai. Kifin, kama su, yayi tsalle kaɗan, yana ƙirƙirar ƙaramar fantsama akan saman ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ana iya kiran yara da kifin makaranta. Musamman matasa, yan shekaru biyu da uku suna rayuwa tare, mutane kifayen da suka manyanta ne kaɗai ke iya kiyaye su ɗaya ɗaya ko kuma rukuni ɗauke da su daga 2 zuwa 5 dace.
A lokacin rani, lokacin da ƙarancin haihuwa ya ƙare, dace yayi ƙoƙari ya zuwa zurfin, adana mafi yawan lokuta kusa da ƙasan, tunda kusan lokacin bazara suke cinyewa. A saman kasa, ana iya ganin su sai wayewar gari da kuma faduwar rana, musamman a daren da wata ke haske, lokacin da kifaye ke farautar tarin kwari da suka taru a saman ruwan. Eltsy don neman abinci na iya barin ruwa mai zurfi kuma yayi iyo kusa da raƙuman ruwa ya kai, lokacin da kifin ya cika, sai ya dawo.
Da zuwan kaka, itatuwan spruce suna wanzuwa a zurfin mita 2 zuwa 4, kuma lokacin sanyi sosai, lokacin hunturu na gabatowa, sai su shiga cikin ramuka na karkashin ruwa, suna taruwa cikin garken tumaki da yawa da kyar suke motsawa, basa neman abinci a wannan lokacin, don haka masunta basa iya kamasu ... Sai kawai a farkon doguwar narkewa, dace ta fara wani kasala, suna neman abinci wa kansu.
Tarurrukan kifi na faruwa ne a watan Fabrairu-Maris, kafin farkon lokacin haihuwar, dace ya bar ramin hunturu. Idan mukayi magana game da halaye da dabi'un dacewa, to wannan kifin ana iya kiran sa mai saurin motsi, mai saurin aiki, mai wayo kuma mai hankali. Ilitywarewa da saurin wannan ƙaramin mazaunin ruwa ba ya riƙewa. Wannan yana bayyane ta wasu maganganu na masu sha'awar kamun kifi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan mai kamun kifi ya sami wani wuri da akai dace dashi, zai iya kama kifi 3 ko 4 ne kawai. Dace nan da nan zai fahimci cewa ya fi kyau kada ku taɓa ƙugiya kuma zai yi iyo zuwa wani yanki. Domin cizon ya ci gaba, mai kifi yana buƙatar canza wuri koyaushe sanda.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Kogin kifi dace
Laifukan da suka balaga game da jima'i sun kusanci shekaru uku, lokacin da zasu girma zuwa 10 ko 12 cm Makarantun kifi sun fara tashi sama da zaran lokacin bazara ya farfashe. A lokacin ambaliyar ruwa, daces suna yin iyo a cikin ƙananan rafuka, inda ruwan yake bayyananne kuma bayyane, lokacin rani ya zo, wanda zai fara a farkon farkon watannin bazara. A wannan lokacin, ruwan ya kamata ya dumama digiri har biyar tare da alamar ƙari, wani lokacin ƙari. Idan yanayi bai dace da wannan ba, kuma har yanzu ruwan yana da sanyi, to an jinkirta lokacin kifi na bikin aure zuwa wani lokaci.
A lokacin ɓarna, hayaniya tana sarauta a kan kogin, garken tumaki da yawa suna aiki kuma suna fantsama a yankin bakin teku. Ana yin spawn a lokaci guda, wannan aikin yana ɗaukar daga 3 zuwa 5 kwanakin. Mace tana yin farin da kuma ƙwai manyan ƙira akan duwatsu na ƙasa da shuke-shuke na cikin ruwa. Kwai daya ya kai 2 mm a diamita. Haihuwar waɗannan kifin an ɗauke shi ƙarami. Mata, masu tsayin 10 zuwa 17, sun tsiro daga ƙwai dubu 2 zuwa 17.
Bayan sati daya ko biyu, soya fara fara kyankyashewa, wanda ya kasance a cikin ruwan bakin ruwa, inda ruwan na yanzu ya fi kwanciya. Ya girma zuwa santimita biyar a tsayi, samari suna iyo zuwa yankin da ɓarke don daidaitawa na dindindin. Har zuwa shekara biyu, kifin yana girma cikin sauri, to, girman yana da jinkiri sosai. Da shekara huɗu ko biyar, daces kusan ba su ƙaruwa da girma kwata-kwata.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Nau'ikan samfurin dace sun kai santimita talatin a tsayi, da irin wannan tsayin shekarunsu sun banbanta daga shekaru 8 zuwa 10, kuma nauyinsu yakai daga gram 350 zuwa 500.
Natural makiya na dace
Hoto: Yadda dace ya yi kama
Kodayake dace shine mai farauta, yana da girman gaske, saboda haka, yana da isassun makiya a cikin yanayin daji na halitta. Kada ku damu da cin abinci tare da daces irin waɗannan kifaye masu girma kamar kifin kifi, pike, pike perch. Kar ka manta cewa daces suna tsalle daga cikin ruwa lokacin da suka kama kwari masu shawagi a kanta, don haka a waɗannan lokutan suna iya zama abun ciye-ciye ga tsuntsaye masu cin kifi (misali, kifin teku).
Kifi galibi yana fama da cutuka da cututtuka daban-daban waɗanda suke da alaƙa da helminth da ke rayuwa cikin ƙwayoyin kifi, shi ya sa rayuwarsu ta ragu sosai.
Dace wahala daga:
- echinochasmosis;
- opisthorchiasis;
- diphyllobothriasis.
Waɗannan cututtukan na iya zama haɗari ga mutane, amma gyara ƙwanƙwan zafin rana da ƙwanƙwasawar ƙwanƙwasa mai kyau na gyara komai. Mafi girman makiya makiya na dace sun hada da mutumin da yake cutar da kifi kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye. Mutane suna kama waɗannan kifin, amma mutum ba zai iya faɗin haka da yawa ba.
Dace ba kifin kasuwanci bane, saboda haka yaci karo da kansa kwatsam ko don sha'awar wasanni. Fiye da duka, mutum yana cutar da rayuwar farin cikin kifi, yana gurɓata mahalli gaba ɗaya, gami da jikin ruwa. Akwai koguna masu ƙarancin haske da tsabta, kuma dace na iya wanzuwa a cikin waɗannan ruwan, sabili da haka yakan mutu cikin ruwan datti, ko kuma yin iyo, yana neman wuraren da suka fi dacewa don turawa na dindindin.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Siberian dace
Yankin rarraba dace ya yi yawa sosai, amma kusan ko'ina wannan nau'in kifin yana da ƙaranci kuma ba safai ake samun sa ba. Daga shekara zuwa shekara, karancin ruwa da tsaftataccen ruwa, ba a taba su ba, shi ya sa dace ta zama wani abu mai matukar wuya, saboda tana saurin mutuwa a cikin ruwa mai datti.
Faifai ba kifi ne na kasuwanci ba, saboda haka ba a kama su da babban sikelin. Mutane suna haifar da illa ga yawan kifin ta hanyar yin katsalandan ga tsarin halittu, gurɓatar da ruwa, kwararar ruwa mai ƙwari, magungunan ƙwari, da kayan mai a cikin su. Yawancin kifayen da yawa sun mutu daidai saboda rashin ingantaccen ruwa. A kudancin Turai (Balkans) ba zaka sami dace ba kwata-kwata. A cikin ruwan tsakiyar yankunan kasarmu, adadin wannan kifin ma ya zama yana da kadan. A wasu jihohin, ana daukar dace ne sosai kuma har ana cikin hatsari.
Haka kuma dacewar Siberia tana fuskantar raguwar girman mutane. Can baya a cikin hamsin na karnin da ya gabata, akwai adadi mai yawa na wannan ƙananan kifin a cikin kogunan Trans-Baikal. Lokacin da ta fantsama a kan ruwa, saboda yawanta, hatta kasan ba abin lura bane, dacewar ta shiga cikin irin wadannan tsubbugun duwatsu don tsirowa. Yanzu yawan kifin nan ya ragu sosai, saboda yanayin albarkatun ruwa ya lalace sosai. Dangane da wannan, ana iya jayayya cewa dace yana buƙatar matakan kariya na musamman don kiyayewa da daidaita yawan kifin.
Tsare tsere
Photo: Dace kifi
Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, kusan ko'ina adadin ya dace ya ragu saboda yadda yanayin muhallin tsarin ruwa da yawa ya bar abin da ake so. Duk wannan yana da matukar damuwa ga ƙungiyoyin kiyaye yanayin, don haka an jera kifin a cikin Jerin Ja na yankuna daban-daban. A cikin yankin Moscow da yankin Moscow, Dali ana ɗaukarta ƙarami a lamba kuma tun 2001 aka jera shi a cikin Red Book of Moscow. A karni na sha tara da farkon karni na ashirin, dace shine jinsin kasuwanci a cikin iyakokin birni, amma a cikin shekarun 1960, adadinsa ya ragu sosai.
An jera Dace da kowa a cikin Littafin Ja na Yankin Samara a matsayin ƙaramin nau'in. A cikin yankin yankin Ulyanovsk, dace kuma an lasafta ta a cikin littafin Red Book a matsayin jinsin da lambobinsu ke raguwa. Danilevsky's dace an jera shi a cikin littafin Red Book na yankin Ryazan a matsayin nau'ikan jinsuna, wadanda ba a san adadinsu ba sosai. Ana iya ganin Yelets a cikin Red Book of Ukraine, matsayinta na kiyayewa ya bayyana cewa jinsi ne mai rauni.An tsara dace dace a cikin Jerin Lissafin Turawa da Lissafin IUCN. Kusan ko'ina, manyan abubuwan da ke iyakance shi ne gurɓatar jikin ruwa da kuma rashin wuraren da ake hayayyafa.
Babban matakan kariya sun hada da:
- gano wurare na dindindin dace da kuma sanya su cikin jerin wuraren kariya;
- gina sabo da zamanantar da tsofaffin wuraren kulawa da ruwa;
- gyaran muhalli na lalacewar filayen;
- gabatar da dokar hana kamun kifi a lokacin da ake ta haihuwa;
- kiyaye yankuna na bakin teku a cikin yanayin su na al'ada (hana haɗuwa, ƙarfafawa tare da rajistan ayyukan, da sauransu);
- gudanar da nazarin ilimin zamani da lura;
- shigar da boom a cikin wurare masu mahimmanci na filayen samar da ciyawa.
A ƙarshe, ya rage don ƙarawa cewa kasancewar ƙaramin, amma mai saurin juzu'i da tashin hankali, kamar dace, a cikin wani jikin ruwa, yana nuna kyakkyawan yanayin muhalli a wannan yankin. Abun takaici, irin wadannan wuraren sun yi kadan da kadan, don haka ya kamata mutane su yi tunani sosai game da ayyukansu, wadanda ke da illa ga dabi'a, don hana bacewar wannan azurfa da kifin kifi.
Ranar bugawa: 19.10.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 11.11.2019 a 12:01
