Mackerel ya haɗu da halaye masu amfani ga mutane: yana da daɗi, yana rayuwa mai yawa kuma yana hayayyafa da kyau. Wannan yana ba ku damar kama shi kowace shekara a cikin adadi mai yawa, kuma a lokaci guda ba haifar da lahani ga yawan mutane ba: ba kamar sauran nau'o'in kifayen da ke fama da kamun kifi ba, mackerel na da matukar aiki ta kowane hali.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Mackerel
Kakannin kifaye sun bayyana tun da daɗewa - sama da shekaru miliyan 500 da suka gabata. Abinda aka fara dogara da shi shine pikaya, wata halitta mai girman santimita 2-3 a girma, tana kama da tsutsa fiye da kifi. Pikaya ba ta da ƙege, sai ta yi iyo, tana lankwasa jikinta. Kuma sai bayan dogon juyin halitta ne halittun farko masu kama da na zamani suka bayyana.
Wannan ya faru ne a farkon zamanin Triassic, a lokaci guda akwai aji na ray-finned, wanda makararrakin ke ciki. Kodayake mafi yawan tsoffin rayukan sun sha bamban da na zamani, mahimmancin ilimin su bai ɗaya ba. Amma duk da haka, kifin mai haske wanda yakai ga zamanin Mesozoic kusan duka sun mutu, kuma waɗannan jinsunan da ke zaune a duniyar yanzu sun riga sun bayyana a zamanin Paleogene.
Bidiyo: Mackerel
Bayan bacewar da ta faru a kan iyakar Mesozoic da Paleozoic, kimanin shekaru miliyan 66 da suka gabata, juyin halittar kifi ya yi sauri - kamar sauran umarni. Spewarewa ta zama mai aiki sosai, saboda kifin ne ya fara mamaye cikin jikin ruwa, kasancewar ya ɗan sha wahala daga halakarwa kamar sauran dabbobin da ke cikin ruwa. A lokacin ne, a farkon sabon zamanin, wakilai na farko na dangin mackerel suka bayyana: Landanichthys da Sphyraenodus da suka shuɗe a lokacin, har ma da ƙarancin jini wanda ya wanzu har zuwa yau. Tsoffin abubuwan da aka samo daga waɗannan kifin sun fi shekaru miliyan 65.
Maƙarƙashiya da kansu sun bayyana kaɗan daga baya, ta farkon Eocene, ma'ana, kimanin shekaru miliyan 55 da suka gabata, a lokaci guda, yawancin sauran jinsi na dangin mackerel sun samu, kuma asalin sa ya fara, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa yau. Lokacin ƙwarewa mafi ƙwarewa ya ƙare a wannan lokacin, amma nau'ikan mutane har ma da jinsi sun ci gaba da bayyana a zamanin da.
An bayyana nau'in mackerel ta K. Linnaeus a cikin 1758, ya sami sunan Scomber. Abin lura ne cewa saboda wannan kifin an sanya sunan dangin wanda yake dashi (mackerel) har ma da rukunin (mackerel). Ta mahangar haraji, wannan ba gaskiya ba ne, saboda mackerels ba su da na farko har ma a cikin iyali, amma wannan jinsi ya fi shahara.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya mackerel take?
Matsakaicin tsawon wannan kifin shine 30-40 cm, matsakaiciya 58-63 cm Matsakaicin nauyin baligi yakai kilo 51.5. Jikinta yayi tsayin daka, a surar spindle. An nuna hancinsa. Mafi sauƙin ganewa ta halaye masu duhu masu banƙyama a baya, duk da cewa ciki bashi da su - sauyawa daga launi mai taguwa zuwa launi mai ƙarfi a tsakiyar jikin kifin yana da kaifi sosai.
Bayan mackerel mai launin shuɗi mai duhu tare da ƙarfen ƙarfe, kuma tarnaƙi da ciki azurfa ce mai launin rawaya. A sakamakon haka, idan aka nuna mackerel a kusa da farfajiyar, yana da wuya tsuntsaye su ganta, saboda tana hadewa da ruwa a launi; a gefe guda, ba a iya saninsa don kifin da ke iyo a ƙasa, saboda a gare su ya haɗu da launin sama, kamar yadda ake gani ta ginshiƙan ruwan.
Mackerel yana da ƙwararan ƙira sosai, ƙari ma, yana da ƙarin ƙege da ke ba shi damar yin iyo da sauri kuma mafi kyawun motsa jiki. Dukkanin halittu banda Tekun Atlantika suna da mafitsara ta ninkaya: a hade tare da ingantaccen jiki da tsokoki masu ci gaba, wannan yana ba shi damar yin iyo cikin sauri fiye da yadda wasu nau'in ke iya bunkasa, har zuwa 80 km / h.
Ya kai irin wannan saurin cikin kaifin jifa cikin dakika biyu kawai, wanda ya yi daidai da hanzarin motoci mafi sauri, amma kuma yana iya riƙe shi na fewan daƙiƙoƙi. Yawancin lokaci, dukkan nau'ikan mackerel suna iyo a saurin 20-30 km / h, a wannan yanayin suna iya yin yawancin rana kuma ba su gajiya - amma saboda wannan suna buƙatar cin abinci da yawa.
Hakoran Mackerel kanana ne, basa barin farauta babban abin farauta: yana da matukar wahala yaga nama tare dasu, zasu iya cinyewa ne kawai ta hanyar sikeli mai rauni da kuma kayan kyakyawan kananan kifi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da wata babbar makaranta ta makala ta tashi sama zuwa saman ruwa, to saboda motsin wadannan kifin, sai wani kara ya tashi, wanda ana iya jin sa har a nesa sama da kilomita.
Ina mackerel ke zama?
Hotuna: Masarar Kifi
Kowane ɗayan jinsunan wannan kifin yana da nasa zangon, duk da cewa sun ɗan juye:
- Ana samun makare a Atlantic a Arewacin Atlantika, da kuma a cikin Bahar Rum. A cikin yanayi mai dumi zai iya kaiwa ga Tekun Fari, kuma galibi duka a Arewa;
- Mackerel ta Afirka ita ma tana zaune a cikin Tekun Atlantika, amma a kudu, jeriyoyinsu suna haɗuwa, suna farawa daga Bay of Biscay. Hakanan za'a iya samun shi a cikin yankin tsibirin Canary da kuma rabin kudancin Bahar Maliya. Mafi yawan gaske a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum, musamman a yankin kudanci. Ana samun yara har zuwa Kwango, amma manya suna iyo a arewa;
- Mackerel ta Japan tana rayuwa a gefen gabashin gabashin Asiya da kewayen Japan, tsibirin Indonesia, a gabas ana iya samun ta har zuwa Hawaii;
- Ana samun makarel ta Australia a bakin tekun Australia, da New Guinea, da Philippines, da Hainan da Taiwan, Japan, daga arewa, har zuwa Tsibirin Kuril. Hakanan za'a iya samunsa nesa da babban mazaunin: a cikin Bahar Maliya, da Tekun Aden da Tekun Fasiya. Kodayake wannan jinsin ma yana da kifi, amma yana da daraja ƙasa da Jafananci.
Kamar yadda kake gani, mackerel tana rayuwa galibi a cikin ruwa mai matsakaicin yanayi: bai isa ba kuma ya yi nisa da arewa, a tekun Arctic Arctic, da kuma waɗanda ke da zafi sosai. A lokaci guda, duk da haka, dumin ruwan tekun da take rayuwa a cikinsu ya sha bamban. Ma'anar anan ita ce ƙaura na lokaci-lokaci: yana motsawa zuwa wuraren da ruwan yake a yanayin da ya fi dacewa (10-18 ° C).
Kifayen da ke zaune a Tekun Indiya kawai ba su ƙaura: a can yanayin zafin ruwan yana ɗan canzawa kaɗan a cikin shekara, don haka ba a buƙatar ƙaura. Wasu al'ummomin suna yin ƙaura zuwa nesa mai nisa, misali, mackerel ta Bahar Maliya tana iyo zuwa Arewacin Tekun Atlantika a lokacin sanyi - albarkacin ruwan dumi, ruwan da ke wurin ya rage a cikin mafi kyawun kewayon. Lokacin bazara, sai ta kan dawo.
Yanzu kun san inda ake samun mackerel. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kifin yake amfani da shi don abinci.
Menene mackerel ke ci?
Photo: Mackerel cikin ruwa
Abincin menu na wannan kifin ya haɗa da:
- karamin kifi;
- squid;
- katako;
- larvae da qwai.
Duk da yake mackerel karama ce, akasari tana cin plankton: tana tace ruwan kuma tana cin kananan ciyawar da ke ciki. Hakanan yana ciyar da ƙananan kadoji, larvae, kwari da makamantansu ƙananan rayayyun halittu, ba tare da yin babban banbanci a tsakaninsu ba.
Amma kuma yana iya tsunduma cikin farauta: farautar kowane irin ƙananan kifi. Mafi sau da yawa, yana ciyar da samari ne ko feshin kifi. Irin wannan tsarin ya fi dacewa da kifin da ya riga ya girma, kuma tare da shoals zai iya kai hari har ma da manyan ganima.
Hakanan wata babbar makaranta ta makarel na iya farauta nan take a kan makarantun wasu kifaye, wadanda ke kokarin tserewa ta hanyar matsawa zuwa saman ruwa. Sannan rikice-rikice yawanci yakan fara: mackerels da kansu suna farautar ƙananan kifi, tsuntsaye suna nutsar dasu, dabbobin dolphin da sauran manyan dabbobin da ke farautar su suna iyo zuwa hayaniya.
Mackerel soyaye sukan ci danginsu. Kodayake cin naman mutane ma ya zama ruwan dare tsakanin manya: babban kifi galibi yana cin yara. Duk mackerels suna da abinci mai kyau, amma na Ostiraliya suna da shi fiye da wasu, an san wannan kifin da wani lokacin jefa kansa koda a kan ƙugiya mara ƙira, don haka yana son cinye komai ba tare da nuna bambanci ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ana iya kama Mackerel, amma ba mai sauƙi ba saboda ikon kaifi da ƙarfi. Zai iya sauka daga ƙugiya, idan kuka ɗan huta kadan - wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masu son kamun kifi na wasanni suke son shi. Amma ba za ku iya kamo shi daga gaɓar tekun ba, dole ne a yi shi daga jirgin ruwa, kuma ya fi kyau ku nisanta daga gaɓar tekun da kyau.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Tekun mackerel
Suna aiki da rana da yamma, suna hutawa da daddare. Lokacin farautar sauran kifaye, sai suyi kwatsam, galibi daga kwanto. A lokacin wannan gajerun jifa, suna iya isa da saurin gaske, saboda haka yana da matukar wahala a nisance su.
Kifin yana da ƙoshin lafiya, ma'ana, yawanci yana rayuwa a zurfin zurfin ƙasa. Yana zaune a cikin shoals, wani lokacin kuma ana haɗuwa: ban da mackerels da kansu, zai iya haɗawa da sardines da wasu kifaye. Sun fi son farauta cikin garken da rairayi. Lokacin farauta tare, makarantun ƙananan kifi galibi sukan tashi sama, inda mackerels ke ci gaba da bin su.
A sakamakon haka, wasu masu cin abincin ruwa, masu sha'awar abin da ke faruwa, kuma tsuntsaye, musamman dorinar ruwa, sun shigo cikin wasa - don haka wasu mackerels suna juyawa daga mafarauta zuwa cikin ganima, saboda sun rasa fargaba yayin da suke neman kama wasu kifaye.
Amma duk wannan ya shafi lokacin dumi. Tsawon watanni da dama na hunturu, mackerel ya canza salon rayuwarsa gaba daya kuma ya shiga wani irin yanayi na rashin nutsuwa. Kodayake ba za a iya kiran wannan cikakkiyar nutsuwa ba, kifayen suna taruwa a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a cikin ramuka na hunturu, kuma sun daɗe ba su motsi - saboda haka ba ya cin komai.
Mackerel yana rayuwa na dogon lokaci - shekaru 15-18, wani lokacin shekaru 22-23. Yana girma ahankali tare da tsufa, mafi kyawun shekaru don kamawa ana ɗaukar shekarun 10-12 ne - a wannan lokacin ya kai girman girma, kuma naman ya zama mafi daɗi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Mackerel
Mackerels suna zaune a cikin makarantu, duka daga kifi iri ɗaya, kuma suna haɗe, galibi tare da herring, saboda haka yawanci ana kama su tare. Kifin da girmansa ɗaya yake ɓacewa a cikin makarantu, da kyar manyan kifaye masu shekaru 10-15 kuma samari ne ke bayyana a cikinsu. Ya fito ne daga shekara ta biyu, bayan haka yana yin sa kowace shekara. Na farko da suka fara haihuwa sune manyan makare, waɗanda suka kai shekaru 10-15, a cikin yawan Atlantic wannan yana faruwa a watan Afrilu. Sannan sannu-sannu matasa suna zuwa haihuwa, haka kuma har zuwa makonnin ƙarshe na watan Yuni, lokacin da kifi yana ɗan shekara 1-2 ya fantsama.
Saboda yaduwar shekara-shekara da yawan kwai da aka haifa a lokaci guda (kimanin kwai 500,000 ga kowane mutum), ana haihuwar mackerel da sauri, kuma duk da yawan barazana da kamun da aka samu, akwai mai yawa. Don hayayyafa, kifi yana zuwa ruwan dumi kusa da bakin teku, amma a lokaci guda zaɓi wuri mai zurfi kuma sa ƙwai a zurfin mita 150-200. Wannan yana ba da kariya daga yawancin masu cin caviar, gami da sauran kifaye waɗanda basa yin iyo sosai.
Eggswai ƙananan ne, kusan milimita a diamita, amma a cikin kowane, ban da amfrayo, akwai kuma ɗigon kitse, wanda zai iya ciyar da shi da farko. Bayan mackerel ta haihu, sai ta yi iyo, yayin da ƙwai ke buƙatar yin kwanciya na kwanaki 10-20 don tsutsar ta samu. Lokaci daidai ya dogara da sigogin ruwa, da farko, yanayin zafinsa, don haka mackerel ke ƙoƙarin zaɓar wuri mai ɗumi don spawn.
Kawai sabuwar tsutsa wacce ba ta da kariya daga masu farauta kuma ita kanta tana da matukar tashin hankali. Tana kaiwa duk wani abu ƙarami hari kuma tana da rauni, kuma tana cin ganima, idan ta ci galaba akanta - sha'awarta abune mai ban mamaki. Ciki har da ci nasu iri. Lokacin da ya bayyana a tsayi, tsutsa ba ta wuce mm 3 kawai ba, amma, ciyarwa a raye, yana fara girma da sauri. Tunda babu isasshen abinci ga kowa, mafi yawansu suna mutuwa a wannan lokacin, amma sauran sun girma zuwa 4-5 cm zuwa faɗuwar - duk da haka, har yanzu suna da ƙanana kuma ba su da kariya.
Bayan wannan, lokacin girma mafi aiki yana wucewa, kifin ya zama mai zubar da jini, kuma hanyar ɗabi'arsu da yawa tana fara kama da manya. Amma koda lokacin da mackerels suka balaga ta hanyar jima'i, girman su har yanzu kadan ne kuma suna ci gaba da girma.
Abokan gaba na mackerel
Hoto: Yaya mackerel take?
Yawancin kifin da ke farauta da sauran dabbobin ruwa suna farautar mackerel.
Tsakanin su:
- sharks;
- dabbobin ruwa;
- tuna;
- pelicans;
- zakunan teku.
Duk da cewa ta yi iyo da sauri, yana da wahala ta kubuta daga irin wadannan manyan dabbobin don kawai bambancin girman su. Saboda haka, lokacin da irin wannan babban kifin ya far wa garken, zai iya yin sauri ne ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A wannan yanayin, kowane mutum yana iya dogaro da gaskiyar cewa mai farautar ba zai bi ta ba.
A lokaci guda, masu farautar da kansu za su iya kai hari cikin rukuni lokaci guda, sannan makarantar mackerels na shan wahala sosai, ga ɗayan irin wannan harin ana iya rage shi da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu. Amma a gaɓaɓɓun kaya, sauran kifayen galibi suna cikin haɗari, saboda mackerels sun fi sauri kuma sun fi karfin motsi.
Lokacin da kifin ya kasance a saman ruwa sosai, yana fuskantar barazanar hare-haren manyan tsuntsaye da dabbobin daji. Ruwan zaki da pelicans musamman suna son ta. Ko da lokacin da suka koshi da sauran kayan abincin, galibi sukan jira mackerel, saboda naman mai mai kayan ci ne a gare su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin siyan makarel mai sanyi, yana da mahimmanci ka kula da alamomi da yawa wanda zaka iya fahimtar cewa an adana shi daidai kuma bai ƙare ba. Mackerel ya zama mai sheki mai kauri, ba tare da tabo a fata ba, wanda ke nufin bai taba narkewa ba a baya.
Naman ya zama mai tsami. Idan yayi laushi ko rawaya, an kama kifin tuntuni ko an narke shi yayin ajiya ko jigilar kaya. Adadi mai yawa na kankara yana nuna ma'ajin da bai dace ba, don haka mai yiwuwa naman ya zama sako-sako.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Masarar Kifi
Matsayin jinsi na mackerel ba ya haifar da tsoro, kamar yadda kowane nau'in da ke cikin sa. Waɗannan kifayen suna ninkawa cikin sauri kuma suna da yanki mai faɗi, saboda haka, ana samun adadi mai yawa daga cikinsu a cikin ruwan tekun duniya. Ana lura da ƙimar mafi girma daga bakin tekun Turai da Japan.
Akwai kamun kifi mai aiki, saboda nama yana da daraja ƙwarai, yana da halin babban abun ciki na mai (kusan 15%) da adadi mai yawa na bitamin B12, da sauran bitamin da microelements. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci kasancewar babu kananan kasusuwa a ciki. Wannan kifin ya daɗe yana ɗaya daga cikin sanannun Turai da Rasha.
Har ila yau, sananne ne a Japan, inda aka kama shi kuma, bugu da ,ari, ana bred - godiya ga haɓakar haifuwarsa, yana da fa'ida don yin hakan duk da ɗan jinkirin da yake samu. Koyaya, yana kara saurin karawa a yanayi na kiwo na wucin gadi, amma rashin dacewar shine kifin baya girma kamar girman sa a yanayin muhalli.
Mackerel an kama shi da taushi, raga, seines, trawls. Sau da yawa ana girbe shi a cikin ramin hunturu, inda yake da jama'a sosai. Amma duk da girbin da ake yi, babu raguwa a yawan mackerel, ya kasance mai karko, ko ma ya girma gaba ɗaya - don haka, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an lura da cewa an fara samun sa a cikin Tekun Pacific.
Kamar karamin mai farauta mackerel da tabbaci yana ɗaukar matsayi a cikin sarkar abinci: yana cin ƙananan kifi da sauran dabbobi, kuma yana ciyar da manyan masu farauta. Ga mutane da yawa, wannan kifin yana cikin babban abincin, kuma idan ba shi ba, rayuwa za ta fi musu wahala. Mutane ba banda bane, suma suna aiki sosai wajen kamawa da cinye wannan kifin.
Ranar bugawa: 08/16/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 08/16/2019 da karfe 0:46
