Plecostomus Rukunin kifin kifi ne na dangin Kolchuzhny. Kusan shine mafi yawan sanannen kifin a tsakanin masu sha'awar sha'awa, kuma akwai nau'ikan sama da 150 gaba ɗaya. Mafi yawan waɗanda ake nema a cikin wannan dangin ana kiran su plecostomus gama gari kuma yana iya girma har zuwa 60 cm a tsayi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Plekostomus
An fara rikodin plecostomus a cikin Texas a cikin babban San Antonio River (Bexar County) a cikin 1962. Hakanan an gano shi a wasu wuraren ruwa masu yawa a Texas, gami da Comal Springs (Comal County), San Marcos (Hayes County), San Felipe Creek (Val Verde County), da White Oak Bayou. Tun lokacin da aka gano shi a cikin San Felipe Creek, yawan adadin plecostomus ya karu sosai.
A cikin Sin, an yi rajistar plecostomus a cikin yankin Huizhou na Kogin Dongjiang a cikin 2007. Wasu masu binciken sun ba da rahoton cewa an shigar da plecostomus cikin mazaunin ruwa na kasar a shekarar 1990, amma ba su ba da wani karin bayani ba. A cikin Kolombiya, yawancin mutane da aka gabatar da su a sanannu a cikin babban kwarin Kogin Cauca. Wannan shine mafi yawan kifin da aka kama. An kawo Plecostomus zuwa Colombia daga Guyana.
Bidiyo: Plekostomus
Yawancin plecostomuses suna da asalin Kudancin Amurka, musamman ma Basin Amazon. Zasu iya rayuwa a cikin wurare daban-daban na mazauna, tare da yawancin suna rayuwa a cikin rafuka masu sauri da ƙananan koguna waɗanda ke ratsa dazuzzuka. Wannan ruwan, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, yana motsawa da sauri kuma an cika shi da snags da shuke-shuke; zaka same su suna buya acikin su da rana. Koyaya, ana iya samun wasu a cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa kowane jinsi na musamman ne kuma babu ɗayansu da yake buƙatar matsuguni ɗaya ko saitin akwatin kifaye. Sabili da haka, ya kamata ku kula da hankali game da buƙatun musamman nau'in da kuke son kiyayewa. Misali na wannan shine girman akwatin kifaye. Aramin plecostomuses na iya rayuwa a cikin tankin lita 10, yayin da manyan nau'in ke buƙatar mafi ƙarancin lita 100. Zuwa yau, an gano fiye da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 150 na plecostomus, amma ba duka za a iya samun su a cikin akwatin kifaye ba.
A ƙasa akwai jerin shahararrun shahararrun akwatin kifaye na plecostomuses:
- kifin kifayen kifayen kifi (Ancistrus sp.);
- zinariya plecostomus (Baryancistrus sp.);
- plekostomus zebra (Hypancistrus zebra);
- plecostomus clown (Panaqolus maccus);
- sailfish plekostomus (Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps);
- plekostomus-snow duniya (Hypancistrus inspector);
- tsarin sarauta (Panaque nigrolineatus).
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya plecostomus yake
Yawancin plekostomus launin ruwan kasa ne, amma, launuka na wasu nau'in ya dogara da mazauninsu. Yawancin su ma suna da tabo ko yashi.
Gaskiya mai dadi: Plecostomuses ana kiran su "kifin kifi mai sulke" saboda suna da manyan faranti masu banƙyama waɗanda ke rufe jikinsu.
Aya daga cikin abubuwan da babu kamarsu don sanin su shine bakinsu; wannan shine abin da yake sa su yi tasiri sosai wajen share algae. Game da bayyanar su, a cikin daji suna girma har zuwa 60 cm a tsayi, a cikin akwatin kifaye - har zuwa 38 cm.
Kamar sauran 'yan uwa, suna da jiki mai tsayi wanda aka lulluɓe da layuka huɗu na faranti masu kyau. Farantin kasusuwa ba su nan a ciki. Suna da ƙoshin lafiya, ƙoshin lafiya da ƙoshin lafiya. Arshen ƙarshen yana da haske mai ɗauke da haske mai taushi bakwai. Finfin fure yana da haske mai ɗauke da laushi mai laushi 3-5.
Jikin plecostomus launin toka ne tare da launuka masu launin ruwan kasa da alamu. Suna da babban kai mai kananun idanu wadanda aka girke saman kan. Abin sha'awa, suna da membrane wanda yake rufe idanunsu, wanda yake basu damar sarrafa tasirin haske akan idanunsu. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da wannan kifin shine wutsiyar wutsiyarsa; yana da siffar wata, ɓangaren ƙasa ya fi na sama tsayi.
A ina ne plekostomus yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Plekostomus a cikin ruwa
Ana samun kifin kifin Plecostomus a cikin sabo da ruwa mai ƙyalli na bakin kogin Guiana, Brazil da Venezuela, da kuma Rio de la Plata tsakanin Uruguay da Argentina. Sun fi son rafuka masu sauri da koguna da pebbled substrate. Wannan jinsin ana daukar sa mai matukar dacewa kuma an gano shi a cikin Tekun Mexico, mai yiwuwa masana kifin ruwa ne suka gabatar da shi. Ana ɗaukar su masu mamayewa a Texas.
Suna rufe wurare masu yawa, kodayake yawancin nau'ikan suna da iyakoki masu iyaka kuma ana samun su a wasu sassan takamaiman koguna. Yawancin kwayoyi masu zaman kansu suna rayuwa cikin sauri, rafuka masu zurfi da rafuka, wasu suna rayuwa ne a cikin ruwan baƙar acidic, wasu kuma suna son tsattsauran tsattsauran ra'ayi. A cikin yankuna masu kwarara, suna amfani da kofuna na tsotsa don haɗa kansu da duwatsu da bishiyoyi masu ambaliyar ruwa, don haka kauce wa ƙauracewa zuwa ƙasa.
Yawancin lokaci ana samun plecostomuses a cikin laushi, ƙaramin pH ruwa a cikin daji, duk da haka yawancin jinsunan da ake tallatawa a yau suna girma ne ta hanyar kasuwanci kuma suna jure wajan kewayon sunadarai na ruwa. PH na 7.0 zuwa 8.0, alkalinity na 3 ° zuwa 10 ° dKH (54 zuwa 180 ppm) da kuma zafin jiki na 23 zuwa 27 ° C zai wadatar ga yawancin jinsunan dabbobi da aka kama.
Yanzu kun san inda kifin plecostomus yake zaune. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kifin yake ci.
Menene plekostomus yake ci?
Hotuna: Katon kifin kifi
Mafi yawan kayan talla ana tallata su a matsayin "masu cin algae", wanda zai haifar da ku da za ku yarda da cewa suna da tsire-tsire; Koyaya, yawancinsu masu cin nama ne kuma suna iya ciyarwa akan ƙananan kifi, masu juyawa da ɓawon burodi. Wasu nau'ikan suma suna cin itace, saboda haka ka tabbata ka binciko nau'ikan da suke shaawar ka sosai don tabbatar da sun cika buƙatun abincin su.
Game da plekostomus na kowa, kuskuren fahimta shine cewa zasu iya rayuwa ta musamman akan algae. Wannan ba gaskiya bane, saboda irin wannan abincin a zahiri yana lalata kifi, kuma yana da illa sosai ga lafiyarsu. Abincin su ya kamata ya kunshi kayan lambu da algae; wani lokacin zasu iya cin nama / abinci mai rai. Ana ba da shawarar cewa pellets masu inganci su ne tushen tsarin cin abinci na plecostomus.
Plecostomus za'a iya ciyar dashi tare da kayan lambu masu zuwa:
- salatin;
- zucchini;
- alayyafo;
- bawon peas;
- kokwamba.
Ya dace da abinci mai rai:
- tsutsotsi na jini;
- tsutsar ciki;
- kayan kwalliya;
- tsutsa.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa plecostomuses suna buƙatar fiber mai yawa a cikin abincin su; ciyar da su kayan lambu da yawa na taimakawa wajen biyan wannan bukatar ta dabbobi. Hakanan yakamata ku tabbatar koyaushe suna da damar yin katako, wanda zai iya taimakawa tare da narkewar abinci. Don kyakkyawan sakamako, ciyar da plekostomus ɗinka nau'ikan abinci masu inganci kuma canza abincin kifin ka kullum. Dangane da halaye na cin abinci, plecostomuses ba dare bane. Don haka, suna cin abinci mafi kyau da yamma, kafin ku kashe fitilu a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Kayan kifi
Abu na farko da yakamata a sani game da wannan kifin shi ne cewa ba dare bane. Wannan yana nufin cewa da rana ba za ku ga yawancin ayyukanta ba. Suna iya zama masu jin kunya da rana, kuma da alama za ku same su suna ɓoye a tsakanin tsire-tsire da kogwanni a cikin tankinku.
A lokacin da suke aiki, zaku lura cewa su kifin ƙasan ne kuma a hankali zai motsa tare da ƙasan tanki. Motsi ahankali tare, suna yin kyakkyawan aiki na tsabtace algae a cikin akwatin kifaye. Hakanan zaku lura cewa suna amfani da kofin tsotsa kuma suna haɗe da gilashi ko duwatsu a cikin akwatin kifaye. Yana da mahimmanci a lura a nan cewa yayin da zasu ci algae, abincin su bai kamata ya kasance da su kaɗai ba. Yawancin shagunan dabbobi suna tallata su a matsayin masu cin algae, wanda ke da haɗari saboda suna buƙatar abinci daban.
Plekostomus yawanci suna da ƙawancen abokantaka kuma suna da natsuwa yayin samartaka kuma ana iya kiyaye su a cikin akwatin kifaye na jama'a. Maƙwabta masu kyau na plecostomus sune cichlids, macropod (guramic), tetras da sauran nau'in kifi. Amma ko da lokacin ƙuruciya, ya kamata ku guji sanya shi tare da discus da kifin mala'ika, kamar yadda aka san su da yin lalata da su.
Gaskiyar Abin Sha'awa: Duk wani ƙaramin matar akwatin kifaye ba zai iya shiga bakin plecostomus ba; idan zai yiwu, to irin wannan kifin zai zama abincin dare da sauri a gare shi.
Yayin da yake tsufa, plecostomus zai yi girma fiye da sauran kifi da sauri kuma ya kamata a ajiye shi a cikin akwatin kifaye ba tare da maƙwabta ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Plekostomus
Abun takaici, an san kadan game da haifuwa na plekostomus, kuma har ma an san kadan game da haifuwarsu a cikin akwatin kifaye. Abin sani kawai sananne ne cewa suna da matukar wahalar haifuwa cikin bauta. Plecostomus yawanci baya kiwo a cikin akwatin ruwa, amma ana samar dashi da yawa a cikin tafkuna, misali, a kudu maso gabashin Asia da Florida.
Su dabbobi ne masu raɗaɗi, a cikin daji galibi suna haihuwa a cikin kogon da aka yi da itacen busasshe ko duwatsu. Plekostomus ya shimfiɗa manyan ƙwayayen ƙwai a saman saman. An san su ne da lambatu da kududdufai na ƙasa da rami. A cikin Texas, kabarin wadannan dabbobin suna da zurfin zurfin mita 1.2-1.5. Yawanci ana yin burbushin ne a kan gangaren da babu kusan kasa da tsakuwa, kuma ana iya ganinsu musamman a tafkunan birane masu matukar damuwa. Namiji ya tsare kogon ko burrow har sai ƙwai ya ƙyanƙyashe.
Jimlar yawan kwayar halittar plecostomus kusan kwai 3000 ne. Yawan kifin mata daga Kogin San Marcos a Texas ya fara daga kwai 871 zuwa 3367. Anyi imanin cewa Plecostomuses suna haɓaka sau da yawa akan tsawan lokaci. An bayar da rahoto da yawa na oocytes a cikin Texas, wanda ke nuna abubuwan da suka faru da yawa. Lokacin bazara, gwargwadon sakamakon gonadosomatic, yana farawa daga Maris zuwa Satumba. A cikin zangonsu na asali, Plecostomuses suma suna nuna lokaci mai yawa na ɓata lokaci fiye da watanni 5, wanda yawanci yakan dace da lokacin damina mai dumi.
Soyayen Plecostomus ya kamata su yawaita cin abinci mai gina jiki kamar tsutsotsi, gishirin nauplii mai gishiri, allunan algae, ko irin na diski. Ya kamata a ƙirƙiri wani tanki daban don zubar da gangan, kuma masanan ruwa su ciyar da su kai tsaye ko daskararren abinci tsawon makonni da yawa don sanya musu yanayi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Matsakaicin rayuwar plecostomus shine shekaru 10 zuwa 15.
Abokan gaba na plecostomus
Hotuna: Yaya plecostomus yake
Plekostomus na iya cinyewa ta tsuntsaye (cormorants, heron, and pelicans), alligators, crocodiles, otters, macizai na ruwa, kunkuru da ruwa mai kyau da kifaye masu kamun kifi gami da manyan kifayen da manyan kaho.
Yawancin masu farauta suna da wahalar haɗiye plekostomus saboda tsinkayyar kifi da sulken jiki, kuma an lura cewa tsuntsaye (pelicans) sun mutu suna ƙoƙarin haɗiye manyan mutane. Daidaitawa don rage farauta shine yanayin kariya da wadannan kifin suke nunawa lokacin da aka wulakanta su ko aka yi musu barazana: fincin kashin baya ya tabbata kuma jiyoyin sa suna fadada, hakan yana sa kifin ya zama babba dan haka yana da wahala makiyan su hadiye.
Gaskiyar wasa: Sunan "plecostomus" an fassarashi daga Latin azaman "bakin bakin", wanda ke nuna bakin wannan kifin, kama da kofin tsotsa, wanda yake a ƙarƙashin kai.
Amma mafi yawan lokuta plekostomuses kansu abokan gaba ne don sauran kifaye. Misali, Dionda Diaboli (Kogin Iblis) da Fonticol's Eteostoma (Darter's Fountain) suna cikin haɗari saboda haɗuwa da plecostomus. Waɗannan jinsunan suna gasa da juna don haƙƙin mallakar albarkatu, kuma babu shakka gwarzo na labarinmu ya ci wannan yaƙi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Plekostomus kifi
Mafi yawan mutanen da ake kira plecostomus a Texas suna cikin San Felipe Bay, gundumar Val Verde. Tun lokacin da aka gano wannan rukunin yanar gizon, yawan jama'a ya karu sosai, tare da raguwa iri ɗaya a cikin jinsunan masu cin algae. Kogin San Antonio, na xasar Bexar, Texas yana da yawancin wannan nau'in fiye da shekaru 50.
A cikin Florida, plecostomus shine mafi nasara, mai yalwa da yaduwa, tare da yawan jama'a da ke bazuwa ko'ina a tsakiyar da kudancin Florida. Idan aka kwatanta, Hukumar Kifi da Dabbobin Florida (2015) ta bayyana cewa yawan Plecostomus, kodayake ya kasance a Florida tun daga shekarun 1950, ba yaɗuwa, yana faruwa galibi a kananan hukumomin Miami-Dade da Hillsboro. ... Yawan adadin manya da aka gabatar da mutane na plekostomus an kiyasta su a matsayin maɗaukakun wuraren da rikice-rikicen abubuwa suka haifar da damuwa, kamar su tafki, magudanan ruwa na birane, tafkunan birni da magudanan ruwa.
An lura da tasirin plecostomus akan halittun dake cikin ruwa sakamakon gabatar da alummarsu a Texas (kogunan San Antonio da San Marcos da San Felipe rafi). Plecostomus na iya yin gasa don albarkatu (abinci da mazauninsu) tare da kifin sympatric da kwayoyin halittun ruwa, tarwatsa gida, cin ƙwai na kifin na gida, da rikicewar kwararar abubuwa da motsa jiki mai gina jiki a cikin wuraren ruwa.
Plecostomus na iya sarrafa albarkatun abinci mai gina jiki a cikin Kogin San Marcos saboda saurin balagar jinsunan, girman jiki da tsawon rai. Girman girma da girman dabbobi suna iya wakiltar mahimman magudanan ruwa na phosphorus a cikin tsarin oligotrophic na Kogin San Marcos. Wannan na iya haifar da raguwar yawan aiki na farko a cikin hanyar rage amfanin gonar algal, wanda, bi da bi, na iya shafar yawan aiki na biyu na amfanin gona na dindindin. A cikin San Antonio River, plecostomus yana da hannu cikin rage babban dutsen mai cin abincin Campostoma anomalum algae.
Plecostomus Shahararren nau'in ne a cikin akwatin kifaye. Ya kasance mai yawan cin algae, amma kuma yana son cin abincin nama. Wani lokacin ana kiransu da “masu tara shara” saboda yawan abinci da tsarin tsaftacewa da suke aiwatarwa a ƙasan akwatin ruwa. Ya kamata a tuna cewa wannan kifin ba shi da dare kuma yana da fatar ido na musamman wanda ke kare hangen nesa a cikin hasken rana.
Ranar bugawa: 08/12/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 08/14/2019 a 21:57
