Kyankyasar Madagaska Yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu ban sha'awa da yawa zuwa tsibirin Madagascar. Wannan kwaron yana da kyau da sauti fiye da komai. Kwarin ne mai kwarjini saboda rashin dacewar samar da sauti. Koyaya, yanayin sa na ban mamaki da halayyar tunani shima yana taimakawa wajen kyawu.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Kyankyasar Madagascar
Kyankyasar Madagascar nau'ikan halittu ne da ake samun su kawai a tsibirin Madagascar. Daga cikin dangin dangi mafi kusa da kyankyasai a Madagascar akwai mantids, ciyawar fure, kwari mai laushi da ƙamus.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An san kyankyasar Madagascar da "burbushin halittu" saboda wadannan kwari sun yi kamanceceniya da kyankyasai kafin zamanin da suka rayu a Duniya tun kafin dinosaur.
Kyankyaso na Madagascar suna da sauƙin kai, masu sauƙin kulawa, kuma galibi ana ajiye su azaman dabbobin gida. Suna buƙatar ƙaramin ɗaki tare da wurin ɓoyewa saboda sun fi son kasancewa daga haske. Saboda yanayin hawan su, yakamata a bincika sararin samaniya domin ganin idan zasu iya fita daga shingen.
Bidiyo: Madagascar kyankyaso
Aquariums ko terrariums da aka samo a shagunan dabbobi suna aiki da kyau, amma yana da kyau a rufe saman cman gilashin gilashin tare da man jelly don hana su barin mazauninsu. Zasu iya rayuwa akan sabbin kayan lambu tare da kowane irin ƙwaya mai ƙarancin furotin, kamar bushewar abincin kare. Ana iya samar da ruwa ta hanyar ajiye soso mai ruwa a cikin yanayin muhalli.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A wasu wuraren, mutane suna cin kyankyasoi saboda suna da furotin da yawa kuma ana samunsu. Ana kiran cin kwari entomophagy.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yadda kyankyasar Madagascar yake
Kyankyasar Madagascar (Gromphadorhina portentosa), wanda kuma aka fi sani da kyankyaso mai amo, yana girma har zuwa 7.5 cm a cikin girma. Wadannan kyankyasai suna daya daga cikin manyan nau'in kyankyasai. Ba su da launin ruwan kasa, marasa fuka-fukai kuma suna da eriya mai tsayi. Maza na da manyan kumburi a kirji da eriya, waxanda suka fi mata danshi.
Ba kamar sauran kyankyasai ba, ba su da fikafikai. Su masu kyau ne masu hawa hawa kuma zasu iya hawa gilashin santsi. An bambanta maza daga mata ta eriya, eriya mai gashi kuma ana ambaton “kahoni” a cikin sanarwa. Mata na ɗauke da kwalin ƙwai a ciki kuma suna sakin ƙwayoyin ƙuruciya bayan ƙyanƙyashe.
Kamar sauran kyankyaso da ke zaune a daji, iyaye da zuriya yawanci suna cikin ma'amala ta jiki na dogon lokaci. A cikin bauta, wadannan kwari na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 5. Suna ciyarwa galibi akan kayan shuka.
Yayin da kwari da yawa ke amfani da sauti, amma kyankyasar kwai da ke Madagascar yana da wata hanya ta musamman ta yin kururuwa. A cikin wannan kwaron, ana kirkirar sauti ta hanyar tilasta iska ta wasu biyun da aka gyara.
Spiracles sune rami na numfashi wanda wani ɓangare ne na tsarin numfashin kwari. Tunda hanyoyin iska suna aiki cikin numfashi, wannan hanyar samar da sauti iri ce ta sautin numfashin da ƙwayoyin cuta ke fitarwa. Sabanin haka, yawancin sauran kwari suna yin sauti ta hanyar goge sassan jiki (kamar crickets) ko faɗakar da membrane (kamar cicadas).
A ina kyankyasar Madagascar ke rayuwa?
Hoto: Madagascar abin da yake yi wa kyankyaso
Waɗannan manyan kwari suna bunƙasa a cikin yanayin dumi kuma suna zama masu rauni a yanayin ƙarancin zafi. Ba a san komai game da yanayin halittun sa ba, amma wannan kwaron yana rayuwa ne a cikin kasar daji a rubabbun itacen kuma yana ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka fadi.
Madagascar da ke yin kyankyaso da kyankyasai suna rayuwa a wurare masu zafi gami da:
- wurare a ƙarƙashin rubabbun katako;
- mazaunin gandun daji;
- yankuna masu zafi
Kyankyaso na Madagascar 'yan asalin tsibirin Madagascar ne. Tunda su ba ‘yan asalin kasar bane, wadannan kwari ba safai suke haifar da kyankyasai a cikin gida ba.
Don kiyaye waɗannan kyankyasai a gida, ya kamata a bi waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:
- akwatin kifaye ko wani akwati ya zama babba don ba kyankyasai damar motsawa. Bayyan filastik ko gilashi shine mafi kyau saboda haka zaka iya lura da halayen su cikin sauƙin kai tsaye;
- buƙatar murfi don tanki don kiyaye su daga tserewa. Duk da kasancewar basu da fikafikai, suna da motsi sosai kuma suna iya hawa gefen bangarorin;
- kwanciya ta linzamin kwamfuta ko kuma askin itacen zai sanya ƙasan kejin. Yakamata a canza kayan shimfiɗar gado lokaci-lokaci, musamman idan akwai babban matakin laima;
- ana buƙatar katako na itace ko itace don rarrafe. Kyankyasai yakan zama mai zafin rai idan akwai wani abu a cikin keji;
- ya kamata a sami bututu cike da ruwa a rufe shi da auduga. Kyankyaso zai sha ruwan auduga ya tura shi cikin bututun don ya zama yana da danshi;
- dole ne a canza ruwa kowane mako.
Me kyankyasar Madagascar ke ci?
Hoto: Kyankyasar Madagascar mata
A muhallinsu na yau da kullun, kyankyaso na Madagascar suna da fa'ida yayin amfani da faduwa da ruɓewa.
Kitsen kyankyasai kyankyashe ne abubuwan da ke ciyarwa akasari:
- gawawwakin dabbobi;
- 'ya'yan itace da suka fadi;
- ruɓaɓɓen shuke-shuke;
- kananan kwari.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kamar kashi 99% na dukkan nau'in kyankyaso, kyankyasar Madagascar ba kwari bane kuma basa zama a gidajen mutane.
Wadannan kwari suna rayuwa ne a saman benen daji, inda suke buya a tsakanin ganyen da suka fado, itace da sauran kayan kwalliyar. Da daddare, suna kara kuzari kuma suna kwashe abinci, suna ciyarwa galibi akan 'ya'yan itace ko kayan shuka.
A cikin gida, ya kamata a ciyar da kyankyasai na Madagascar da kayan marmari iri daban-daban da 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kuma koren ganye (ban da letas na kankara) a haɗe da abinci mai ɗari na pellet kamar su abincin busassun kare.
Karas ya zama kamar wanda aka fi so, tare da lemu, apples, ayaba, tumatir, seleri, kabewa, peas, pean, da sauran kayan marmari masu launuka daban-daban. Cire tarkacen abinci bayan ɗan lokaci don kaucewa lalacewa. Ya kamata a shayar da ruwan a cikin wani kwano mara zurfi tare da auduga ko wani abu da zai iya ɗaukar ruwa don kiyaye kyankyaso daga nutsuwa.
Kyankyasar Madagascar suna da ƙarfi kamar yawancin kyankyasai kuma suna da karancin matsalolin kiwon lafiya. Yana da mahimmanci kawai a kula da rashin ruwa. Idan kyankyaso na cikin gida yana kama ko ya kumbura, mai yuwuwa baya samun isasshen ruwa.
Yanzu kun san abin da za ku ciyar da kyankyason Madagascar. Bari mu ga yadda yake tsira a cikin daji.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Namijin kyankyasar Madagascar
Maza suna amfani da ƙaho a cikin haɗuwa mai haɗari, wanda ke tuna da yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa ko ƙahonin. Abokan hamayya suna doke juna da ƙaho (ko ciki) kuma galibi suna fitar da ƙaho mai ban mamaki yayin faɗa.
Kyankyasai na Madagascar suna fitar da sautin abin da suka shahara da shi.
An gano nau'ikan waƙoƙi huɗu tare da manufofin zamantakewar daban-daban da tsarin fadada:
- kuwwa ga mayaki namiji;
- neman aure yayi bushe-bushe;
- mating hiss;
- ƙararrawa ya yi kururuwa (wata babbar kara da ke tsoratar da masu farauta).
Kyankyaso ya yi kuwwa, yana tura iska ta wasu halittun da aka gyaru, wadanda sune kananan ramuka da iska ke shiga tsarin numfashin kwaron. Spiracles suna kan gefen kirji da ciki. Ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan kwari ne kawai waɗanda ke amfani da siransu don yin sauti. Yawancin sauran kwari suna yin sauti ta hanyar shafa sassan jikinsu wuri ɗaya ko ta hanyar jijjiga diaphragms ɗin su.
Maza da mata Madagascar kyankyasai suna kara yayin da suke kafa yankuna da kare kansu daga wasu mazan. Girman yankinsu karami ne. Namiji na iya zama a kan dutse tsawon watanni ya kare shi daga wasu mazan, ya bar shi kawai ya sami abinci da ruwa.
Ana amfani da bushe-bushe da aika rubuce rubuce don faɗakar da sauran mazaje da masu farauta - babban namiji wanda yawanci yake yawan samun nasara. Babban mutum zai tsaya akan yatsun kafa, wanda ake kira tara. Stilting shine hanyar maza don nunawa. Maza suna amfani da ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙolin ƙarancin ƙafa a matsayin hanyar tsaro. Notarin bayanin sigar lamel ne wanda ke rufe mafi yawan haƙarƙarinsu. Fada tsakanin maza ba ya haifar da rauni.
Mata sun fi zama da jama'a kuma ba sa faɗa da juna ko kuma maza. Saboda wannan, ba su da saurin yin ba'a, kodayake a wasu lokuta da ba a saba gani ba duk mulkin mallaka na iya fara yin kururuwa a tare. Har yanzu ba a fahimci dalilin wannan halin ba. Mata na ɗauke da ƙwai a ciki kuma suna sakin ƙwayayen ƙwai ne kawai bayan ƙwai suka ƙyanƙyashe. Kamar yadda yake tare da wasu kyankyaso da ke zaune a itace, iyaye da zuriya yawanci suna kasancewa cikin kusancin jiki na dogon lokaci.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Kukuben kyankyaso na Madagascar
Kyankyasar Madagascar ma ya fara rayuwarsa ta wata hanya da ba a saba da ita ba. Tsarin rayuwar kyankyasar Madagascar mai tsayi ya daɗe da bambanci da sauran kyankyaso. Mata suna da yawa, mace tana yin ƙwai kuma tana sake haihuwar vaan tsutsa a cikin jikinta har tsawon kwanaki 60, har sai sun zama vayan tsaran farko.
Mace daya zata iya samar da kwaya 30-60. Wannan kwaron yana da tsarin rayuwar da bai cika ba: kwai, tsutsa da matakin girma. Larvae suna yin narkuwa 6 kafin su balaga bayan watanni 7. Larvae da babba marasa fiffike na iya rayuwa daga shekaru 2 zuwa 5.
Akwai bambance-bambance masu ban mamaki tsakanin jinsi. Maza suna da manyan ƙaho a bayan kawunansu, kuma mata suna da ƙananan "kumburi". Kasancewar ƙahonin gaban yana ba da damar sauƙin fahimtar jinsi. Maza suna da eriya mai gashi, yayin da mata ke da eriya mai laushi. Halin maza da mata kuma ya banbanta: maza ne kawai masu zafin rai.
Kyankyaso na Madagascar sun narke (zubar da fata ta waje) sau shida kafin su kai ga girma. Wannan shine lokacin da kyankyasai ya fi rauni. Zai iya cin abinci duk rana kafin ya narke yayin da yake shirya jikinsa don wannan aikin. Idan ya kai watanni 7, sai ya daina zubewa ya isa balaga.
Abokan gaba na Madagascar kyankyasai
Hoto: Yadda kyankyaso na Madagascar suke
Kyankyaso na Madagascar tabbas suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobin farauta, amma akwai ɗan bayanin dangantaka tsakanin su. Arachnids, tururuwa, tenrecs da wasu tsuntsayen ƙasa masu yuwuwa ne masu cin abincin waɗannan kyankyasai. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, dabarun kula da masu farauta abun birgima ne, yana samar da wata kara, mai kama da maciji wanda zai iya afkawa abokan gaba.
Mite na Androlaelaps schaeferi, wanda a baya ake kira Gromphadorholaelaps schaeferi, wani nau'in kwayar cutar kyankyasar Madagascar ne. Wadannan masussuka suna yin wasu gungu-gungu na mutane hudu zuwa shida a gindin kafar kyankyaso mai masaukin su. Kodayake tun farko ana zaton mite yana zub da jini (shan jini), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa cizon kawai ya “raba” abincin kyankyaso.
Amma, tunda waɗannan tsutsotsi ba sa cutar da kyankyasai da suke rayuwa a kansu, to suna da kyau maimakon naƙasasshe sai dai idan sun kai matakin da ba na al'ada ba kuma sun kashe mai gidan su. Karatun da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa wadannan mites din suna iya samun kaddarorin masu amfani ga kyankyasai, yayin da suke tsabtace saman kyankyasai na kwayoyin cuta, wanda hakan yana kara tsawon rayuwar kyankyasai.
Su kwarin kansu basa haifar da wata masaniya ga mutane. Maza suna da tsananin tashin hankali kuma yawanci suna yaƙi da maza masu kishiya. Kyankyasan maza na kirkira da kare yankuna ta amfani da sauti na musamman. Yankuna ne sosai kuma suna amfani da ƙahonnin su a yaƙi. Mata kawai sukan yi kururuwa idan sun damu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Madagascar abin da yake yi wa kyankyaso
Kyankyasar Madagascar na taka rawa wajen zubar da ɗimbin tsire-tsire da lalatattun dabbobi a dazukan Madagascar. Wannan jinsin wani bangare ne na zagayen gina jiki a dazukan Malagasy. Wadannan gandun daji sune mahimman hanyoyin samar da katako, ingancin ruwa da sauran kayan masarufi.
An sanya kyankyasai na Madagascar a matsayin Mafi Barazana daga IUCN, babbar kungiyar kiyaye muhalli ta duniya. Wannan nau'in sananne ne a Madagascar kuma ya dace sosai da canje-canje a mazaunin sa. Koyaya, sare daji shine mafi mahimmancin barazanar lokaci mai tsawo ga wannan da sauran nau'o'in gandun daji a Madagascar.
Tunda ana samun kyankyasar Madagascar a cikin Madagascar kawai, ba a ɗan yi ƙoƙari don kiyaye nau'in ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda rikice-rikicen siyasa. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka kori mutanen Madagascar a cikin shekarun 1960, kasar ta fita daga mulkin kama-karya zuwa dimokiradiyya. Yana da wahala masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu su binciko yankin saboda karancin hanyoyin hanyoyin wucewa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, albarkacin' yanci da taimakon kasa da kasa ga masana kimiyyar halittu, ya zama abu ne mai sauki karatun Madagascar tare da karfafawa akan kyankyaso mai ban tsoro. Kyankyaso na Madagascar sun taru a daji. Wadannan gandun daji na daji suna mutuwa ne saboda lalacewa da kuma rarrabuwar kai, hakan yasa Madagascar ta zama babbar fifiko ga masana ilimin kiyaye muhalli.
Kyankyasar Madagaska Babban kyankyasai ne wanda ba shi da fikafika daga Madagascar, tsibiri ne da ke gefen Afirka. Kwari ne mai ban sha'awa saboda bayyanarta, halaye da hanyar sadarwa. Kyankyasar Madagascar yana da sauƙin kulawa da girma, yana mai da shi manufa don ajiye shi a gida azaman dabbobin dabba.
Ranar bugawa: 08/07/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/28/2019 da 22:38
