Penaramin penguin shine mafi ƙarancin dukkanin penguins a duniya. A cikin kafofin adabi daban-daban, ana samun su da sunaye daban - blue penguin, penguin - elf, fairy penguin. Mazauna yankin suna ɗaukar dabbar a matsayin alamarsa, kuma kusan suna bauta mata. Masana kimiyya da masu bincike na dogon lokaci suna bin waɗannan wakilan flora da fauna, suna nazarin hanyar rayuwarsu da halaye na su. Masana ilmin namun daji sun cimma matsaya cewa suna da halaye na ban mamaki da motsi, wanda mafi yawan penguins basu dashi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Little Penguin
Penaramin penguin yana wakiltar masarautar dabbobi, kamar su mawaƙa, ajin tsuntsaye, tsari mai kama da penguin, dangin penguin, jinsi da nau'in ƙananan penguin.
Asalin asalin ƙasar penguins masu launin shuɗi na zamani, kamar kowane mutum, shine yankin kudu. Masu binciken ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi sunyi nasarar gano ragowar tsoffin magabatan tsubbu na zamani a yankin New Zealand, Amurka ta Kudu, Afirka, Tsibirin Galapogos.
Bidiyo: Little Penguin
Abubuwan da suka gabata sun nuna cewa waɗannan wakilai na flora da fauna sun wanzu a duniya yayin zamanin Eocene, kimanin shekaru miliyan 45-43 da suka gabata. Tsoffin kakannin tsuntsayen zamani suna da girman jiki. Masanin kimiyyar dabbobi, mai bincike Norsheld ya bayyana wakilin da ya fi girma, wanda daga baya aka sanya masa sunan penguin. Tsayinsa ya ɗan zarce na mutum, kuma nauyin jikinsa ya yi daidai da kilogram 120. Masana kimiyya ba sa keɓewa da cewa ainihin farkon, magabatan kakanni na zamani masu wanzuwa sun wanzu kusan shekaru miliyan 100 da suka gabata.
Penguins, wanda ya wanzu miliyoyin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, kusan bai bambanta da bayyanar da mutanen zamani ba. Babban bambancin shine tsoffin magabatan penguins na zamani masu shuɗi sun iya tashi. Mazaunan zamani na kudancin duniya suna da kamanceceniya da tubenose. Bayan karatu da yawa, masana kimiyya sun yanke hukunci cewa mai yiwuwa sun sami magabata ɗaya.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: bluearamar shuɗin penguin
Penananan penguin yana da takamaiman takamaiman abin tunawa. Bayyanar yanayin jima'i a cikin wannan nau'in tsuntsayen ba a bayyana shi da kima ba. Maza sun fi mata girma sosai. Matsakaicin nauyin jikin mutum daya ya kai kilogram 1.3-1.5. Tsawon jiki bai wuce santimita 35 ba. An zana jikin a launuka da yawa lokaci guda.
Sashin saman kai da yankin baya masu launin shuɗi ne mai duhu, maimakon shuɗi. Tsarin ciki na kai, wuya da ciki fari ne. Gaban gaban gora ya canza zuwa flippers. Matsakaicin tsayin manyan gabobin kafa ya kai milimita 111-117. Baƙi ne. Da taimakon waɗannan sililin ne penguins ke iya tsayawa a cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci kuma suyi iyo da sauri. A cikin yankin auricles, an zana jikin a cikin duhu, kusan launin baƙi.
Penguins suna da ƙarami, zagaye kai. Tana da baki mai tsayi wanda bai fi santimita 5 tsawo da ƙanana ba, zagaye da idanu. Iris na tsuntsaye launuka ne mai haɗari ko shuɗi mai launin toka. Bakin bakin shine launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, a launi. Limananan gaɓoɓin ruwan hoda ne a saman, mai yatsu uku. Yatsun suna da kauri, masu kaifi, mafiya tsayi. Akwai membran tsakanin yatsun yatsun ƙasan, waɗanda ke taimaka wa tsuntsaye su yi iyo. Soafafun ƙananan gabobin launuka ne baƙi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yayinda daidaikun mutane suka girma, bakunansu sai yayi duhu da kalar ladin a yankin baya.
Matsakaicin rayuwar tsuntsaye a cikin yanayin yanayi shine shekaru 6-7. A karkashin yanayin wucin gadi, tare da wadataccen abinci da kulawa mai kyau, tsawon rai na iya ninka sau uku. Penananan penguins, kamar sauran wakilan jinsunan, suna da lada mai yawa. Ana kiyaye su daga sanyi ta sanyin mai da mai mai subcutaneous. Blue penguins, kamar duka membobin wannan dangin, suna da ƙaramin jela zagaye.
A ina karamin penguin yake rayuwa?
Photo: penaramin penguin cikin yanayi
An rarraba yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen masu ban mamaki a sassa daban-daban na kudancin duniya.
Yankuna masu rarraba kananan penguins:
- Kudancin Amurka;
- Chile;
- Ostiraliya;
- Tasmania;
- New Zealand;
- Philippines.
Wurin da aka fi so ga tsuntsaye shi ne yankin rairayin bakin teku, inda ya fi sauƙi a gare su su sami abincinsu da farautar molluscs da crustaceans. A yau, bayanai game da sabbin yawan tsuntsaye na ci gaba da bayyana a sassa daban-daban na kudancin duniya. A wasu lokuta, shaidun gani da ido sun lura cewa penguins suna rayuwa kusa da ƙauyukan mutane. Abinda ake buƙata don zama shine kasancewar tafki. Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a doron ƙasa, amma suna iyo sosai kuma suna samun abinci ne kawai cikin ruwa.
Blue penguins galibi suna zaune. Sun fi son shirya gidajancin da suke kiwo. Suna samarda gidajan da ba za'a iya shiga ba, wuraren boye - ramuka, ramuka, kogwanni, a cikin daskararrun bishiyoyi, a ƙarƙashin tsarin dutse. Yawancin mazaunan suna zaune ne a kan dutse mai duwatsu, a cikin savannas, a cikin dazuzzuka masu ciyayi.
Ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin penguins na sirri suna ciyarwa a cikin ruwa. Sukan koma gidajen su ne kawai da daddare, don kar su bayyana wurin ga masu farautar. Wani lokaci, tare da karancin abinci, suna iya yin ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna, suna tafiya kusa da bakin teku.
Yanzu kun san inda bluean kananan penguin din masu launin shuɗi suke rayuwa. Bari mu ga abin da suke ci.
Menene karamin penguin yake ci?
Photo: Littleananan penguins
Babban tushen tushen samfuran penguins shine rayuwar ruwa, galibi kifi. Mafi yawan lokacinsu suna cikin ruwa. Tare da shigowar sabuwar rana, suna shiga cikin ruwa dan samun abinda zasu ci na su sai yamma kawai zasu dawo.
Abin da ke zama tushen abinci don ƙananan penguins:
- karamin kifi;
- kifin kifi;
- kayan kwalliya;
- anchovies;
- dorinar ruwa;
- kawa;
- katako;
- sardines.
Saboda girman su, penguins masu launin shuɗi suna iya nutsewa zuwa zurfin kusan mita biyu. Matsakaicin lokacin nutsuwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa ya kai kimanin dakika ashirin. Rikoron rikodin wannan nau'in shine mita 35, kuma matsakaicin lokacin da yake ƙarƙashin ruwa shine sakan 50.
Dabbobi suna da gani mai kyau, wanda ke matsayin matattarar magana a cikin masarautar karkashin ruwa. Jikin da yake kwarara, kasancewar fins da membran a jikin gabobin baya yana ba ka damar isa saurin da ya kai 5-6 km / h don bin abin farauta.
Huntungiyar farauta ita ce ta al'ada ga tsuntsaye. Sau da yawa idan gari ya waye zaka gansu sun tsunduma cikin ruwa rukuni-rukuni sannan sun dawo tare. A cikin ruwa, mutane da yawa na iya kai wa makarantar kifi ta ruwa iska kawai su kwace duk wanda za su iya. Idan kifin ko kifin kifi ba su da yawa, penguins suna cin su daidai cikin ruwa. Suna fitar da ganima mafi girma akan ƙasa kuma suna raba ta kashi-kashi.
Penguins ba sa jin tsoron yanayin sanyi da mummunan yanayi kuma suna jin daɗin cikin ruwa koda da lokacin sanyi. Don neman adadin abincin da ake buƙata, suna iya yin tafiyar kilomita da yawa. Penguins suna buƙatar ƙarfi da ƙarfi mai yawa don nutsuwa da yawa, wanda wani lokacin ana buƙatar dozin da yawa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: bluearamar shuɗin penguin
An yi imanin cewa tsuntsayen tsuntsaye tsuntsaye ne na dare. Koyaya, da wayewar gari suna zuwa teku kuma suna dawowa ne kawai da yamma.
Tsuntsaye ba su da nutsuwa, kuma, suna mallakar wani yanki, suna gida kuma suna rayuwa a ciki tsawon rayuwarsu. Suna da tsananin kishi don kare mazauninsu. Kafin afkawa baƙon da ba'a gayyata ba, ƙaramin penguin yana faɗakar da shi, kuma sai kawai ya kai hari. Idan wani ya mamaye yankinsa kuma ya kusanci nesa kusa da mita biyu, sai ya baje fikafikansa ya yi ihu da babbar murya, mai ban tsoro, yana mai gargaɗin shirinsa na kare mazaunin sa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da ƙananan girmansu, ƙananan penguins masu launin shuɗi ana ɗaukarsu tsuntsaye ne masu hayaniya. A yayin kare mazauninsu, sadarwar mutane na rukuni tare da juna, bibbiyu da juna, galibi suna fitar da sautuka masu karfi, fuka-fukan fuka, da dai sauransu.
A lokacin kiwo da lokacin kiwo, tsuntsayen suna iyo daga bakin ruwa a tsawan kilomita 10-13 kuma suna ci gaba da neman abinci tsawon awanni 9-12. Kusan ba su taba matsawa sama da kilomita 20 daga gabar teku ba, sai dai idan akwai tsananin karancin abinci. Mafi yawa suna zuwa bakin ruwa daga ruwa a cikin duhu. Wannan yana da wuya ya zama abin cin zarafin masu farauta.
Penguins suna amfani da mafi yawan lokacinsu don kula da plumage. A cikin yankin jela akwai gland na musamman wadanda ke fitar da kitse. Tsuntsaye suna shafa musu gashin tsuntsu domin kar su jika a ruwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Iyalin ƙananan penguins
Maza suna jan hankalin mata ta hanyar wasu sautuka. Suna shimfida wuyansu, suna ninke fikafikansu a bayan duwawunsu suna fitar da wani sauti wanda aka fitar dashi kwatankwacin wata kara. Blue penguins sukan samar da ma'aurata masu kauri daya, masu karfi kuma masu matukar dorewa.
Lokacin kiwo yana cikin lokacin bazara kuma yana farawa daga farkon Yuni zuwa tsakiyar Satumba. A wannan lokacin, tsuntsayen gida, suna samun keɓaɓɓun wuraren keɓaɓɓu - a cikin raƙuman duwatsu, a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, a wurare masu tsayi. A cikin rukuni ɗaya, nisan gida daga juna yana kan tsayin mita 2-2.5. Yayin lokacin haifuwa da kiwo, wannan tazarar ta ragu sosai.
Bayan hadawa da saduwa, mace na yin kwai a gurinta. Ga kama ɗaya, tana saka fararen ƙwai masu nauyin gram 50-55. Daga nan qwai suka kyankyashe na tsawon kwanaki 30-40. Mahaifiyar mai ciki tana ɗaukar ƙwai a mafi yawan lokuta. Kowane ɗayan maza na jima'i yana canza rabinsa a gidan bayan kowane kwana 3-4, don mata su iya zuwa teku kuma su sami walwala.
Bayan wata daya, kajin suna fitowa daga ƙwai. Sababbin penguins suna da nauyin gram 35-50. Jikinsu duk sun lullube da fluff. Suna ɓatar da ɗan lokaci kaɗan a cikin gidan iyayen. Kusan kusan wata guda, mace da namiji suna ba da abincin ga zuriyarsu. Bayan haka, a hankali, kajin suna tafiya tare da manya a cikin teku don samun nasu abincin da kansu. A wata mai zuwa, mace da namiji suna kula da lafiyar 'ya'yansu.
Lokacin da jarirai sabbin haihuwa suka kai kimanin gram 900-1200, sun zama masu zaman kansu kuma suna shirye don rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Penguins sun balaga yayin da suka shekara 3. Penguins na wannan nau'in suna haɓaka da haɓaka mai haɓaka tare da ƙaruwa. Haka kuma an tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa mafi kyaun da ake baiwa penguinan abinci, to zasu fi kwazo.
Abokan gaba na ƙananan penguin
Photo: penananan penguins a cikin yanayi
Don rage haɗarin afkawa daga mahara, penguins suna zuwa teku da hantsi idan dare ya yi. Suna komawa gidansu lokacin da rana ta riga ta faɗi kuma duhu ya riga ya faɗi. Koyaya, duk da wannan, duk suna da wadatattun makiya a cikin yanayin yanayi.
Makiyan penguins sun haɗa da:
- sharks;
- like;
- kifin whale;
- Tekun Pacific;
- karnuka;
- kauna;
- beraye;
- dawakai;
- kuliyoyi;
- wasu nau'ikan kadangaru.
Mutum da ayyukan sa suma suna ba da gudummawa ga raguwar adadin penguins masu ban mamaki. Yawan gurɓatar da mazauninsu na yau da kullun, fitarwa cikin teku da tekuna na adadi mai yawa na sharar gida, datti, da kayayyakin sarrafa mai yana rage mazaunin su. Tsuntsayen suna da matukar damuwa game da gurbatar muhallinsu, gami da ruwan da suke ciyar da kansu da zuriyarsu.
Masunta a sikelin masana'antu na haifar da ƙarancin abinci da talauci na wadatar abinci ga dabbobi. Don neman abinci, penguins suna tafiya mai nisa. Matsalar neman tushen abinci a lokacin kiwo, lokacin da manya dole ne su ciyar ba kawai kansu ba, har ma da zuriyarsu, yana da gaggawa musamman. Da yawa daga waɗannan ƙananan, tsuntsayen masu ban mamaki suna zaune a gidan zoo a sassa daban-daban na duniya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Smallarami, ko shuɗin penguin
A halin yanzu, ba a yi barazanar yawan penguins masu launin shuɗi ba. Dangane da bayanan farko, an kiyasta yawan wannan adadin ya kai mutane 1,000,000. A wasu yankuna, akwai koma baya na ɗabi'a a cikin ɗaiɗaikun mutane, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon hare-hare daga mafarauta da gurɓata mahalli na tsuntsaye.
Ya kamata a lura cewa gurɓatar da ke gabar tekun tare da gida da sauran nau'ikan shara na taimaka wa raguwar yawan kiwo na shuɗin penguins. Sakamakon ayyukan mutane ta hanyar gurɓatar manyan wurare tare da ɓata daga masana'antar matatar mai ya bar penguins masu ban sha'awa kusan ba tare da abinci ba.
Mutane suna nuna babbar sha'awa ga waɗannan halittu na ban mamaki. Fiye da rabin miliyan masu yawon bude ido suna ziyartar wuraren zamansu a kowace shekara. Bakin baƙi da masu yawon buɗe ido suna da sha'awar kallon taron na hayaniyar kyawawan tsuntsayen da suka fito daga teku a faɗuwar rana kuma suna yawo zuwa gidajen su. A wasu lokuta, shudayen penguins suna fadawa hannun masu farauta wadanda ke kama tarkon tsuntsaye don sayar da su a kasuwannin bayan fage.
Masana ilimin dabbobi sun tabbatar da hakan karamin penguin na iya kasancewa a matsayin dabbobi, haka kuma a wuraren gandun daji da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. Matsakaicin rayuwar wadannan tsuntsayen shekaru 7-8 ne. Lokacin da aka kiyaye shi cikin yanayi mai kyau tare da wadataccen abinci, tsawon rai yana ƙaruwa kusan sau uku.
Ranar bugawa: 21.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/29/2019 a 18:18
