Hijira na Pygmy

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Hijirar Pygmy - dabbar da aka gano ba da daɗewa ba (a cikin 1911). Bayanin farko game da shi (ta ƙashi da ƙwanƙwasa) an sake yin shi a cikin 1850s. Ana daukar masanin kimiyyar dabbobi Hans Schombour wanda ya kafa wannan nau'in. Namesarin sunayen mutum shi ne hippopotamus na pygmy da hippopotamus na Liberian (Hippopotamus na Turanci, Latin Choeropsis liberiensis).

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Hotuna: pygmy hippo

Hippopotamus na dangi dangin wakilan dabbobi ne masu dabbobi. Da farko an hada shi da jinsin halittar hippos. Bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, an ƙirƙira masa rukunin jinsin daban, wanda ake kira Choeropsis. Duk da yawan ƙoƙari na zana kamanceceniya tsakanin pygmy hippos da sauran mutane na wannan aji, ba a soke rukuni daban na wannan rukunin dabbobi ba. Yana aiki har wa yau. Wannan ya faru ne saboda keɓantuwar wakilan hippopotamus, keɓaɓɓen bayyanar su, halayen su da kuma wurin su (wanda za'a tattauna a ƙasa).

Bidiyo: Pygmy hippo

Babban "dangi" na hippopotamus sune:

  • Madagascar pygmy hippopotamus. Zuriyar hippopotamuses gama gari. Sizearamar waɗannan wakilan suna da alaƙa da keɓewa da mazauninsu da kuma ɗarɗar iska;
  • pygmy hippopotamus na nigerian. Hakanan kakannin wadannan dabbobi hippos ne na kowa. Mutanen Najeriya sun rayu a cikin iyakokin yankin Neja Delta.

Duk dabbobin da suke da alaƙa ba su tsira daga rayuwa keɓaɓɓu ba kuma sun ɓace a zamanin tarihi. An rubuta wakilan Nijeriya na ƙarshe a farkon ƙarni na 20. An lalata Madagascars sama da shekaru dubu da suka gabata.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dangin dan hippopotamus ya hada da jinsin hippos biyu kawai: na kowa da na pygmy. Duk wakilan zamani na waɗannan rukunan ana samun su ne kawai a cikin Afirka.

Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali

Hoto: Madagascar pygmy hippopotamus

Tuni daga sunan mutum, mutum na iya tunanin cewa girmanta ya fi ƙanƙan da girma na hippos na yau da kullun. Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin halayyar bayyanar wakilan dwarf class. Dangane da tsarin jiki, mutane daga ƙungiyoyin hippopotamus sunyi kama.

Lokacin zana hoton hoton tunanin Pygmy hippopotamus, dogaro da mahimman halayen halayen bayyanar sa:

  • zagaye kashin baya Sabanin hippos na yau da kullun, hippos na pygmy suna da tsari mara kyau na kashin baya. Baya baya ya dan karkata zuwa gaba, wanda zai baiwa dabbobi damar shayar da tsire-tsire masu daɗi tare da babban nishaɗi;
  • gabobin hannu da wuya. Wadannan sassan jikin a cikin wakilin dwarf sun fi tsayi kadan (idan aka kwatanta su da hippopotamuses na yau da kullun);
  • kai. Kokon kan wakilan "raguwa" yayi kadan fiye da na takwarorinsa na yau da kullun. A wannan yanayin, idanu da hancin hancin suna gaba ba sosai ba. Gilashin inki guda daya ne kawai ake lura da shi a cikin baki;
  • girma. Hippos na yau da kullun na iya ɗaukar nauyin tan da yawa. Matsakaicin mafi kyau na wakilin dwarf babba ya kai kimanin 300 kg. Tsayin irin wannan dabba ya fara daga 70 zuwa 80 cm, kuma tsawon jiki kusan 160 cm ne;
  • fata. Launin Pygmy hippopotamus na iya zama kore mai duhu (haɗe shi da baƙi) ko launin ruwan kasa. Yankin ciki ya fi sauki. Fata yana da yawa. An gabatar da gumin mai haske a cikin inuwa mai ruwan hoda mai haske.

Idan aka kwatanta da hippos na yau da kullun da aka saba da masoyan dabbobin gida, hippos na pygmy da gaske ya bayyana a matsayin wani nau'in ƙaramin abu. Amma, sai dai kash, ragowar wakilan sun gaza na sauran tsofaffin takwarorinsu ta fuskar tsawon rai. A cikin daji, dwarf hippos yana rayuwa ne har zuwa shekaru 35 (a cikin gidan zoo, rayuwarsu ta ɗan yi tsayi kaɗan).

A ina ne hippo yake rayuwa?

Hoto: Pygmy hippopotamus a Afirka

Wurin da ake rayuwa na hippos na pygmy ƙasashen Afirka ne.

Babban kewayon waɗannan kayan fasaha sun faɗi akan:

  • Sudan (jamhuriya ce da ke kan iyaka da Masar, Libya, Chadi, da sauransu, kuma ruwan Bahar Maliya ya wanke ta a yankin arewa maso gabashin ta);
  • Congo (kasa ce da ke gabar Tekun Atlantika kuma tana iyaka da Kamaru, Angola, Gabon, da sauransu);
  • Laberiya (ƙasa ce da ke da damar zuwa Tekun Atlantika kuma ta yi iyaka da Saliyo, Guinea da Cote d'Ivoire).

Hippos na Pygmy sun fi son zama a wuraren kore. Abu mai mahimmanci a mazauninsu shine ruwa. Wadannan kayan fasaha sune dabbobi masu jin kunya. A saboda wannan dalili, suna zaɓar wuraren da ba sa cikin nutsuwa, ɓatattu inda za su yi amfani da lokacinsu cikin natsuwa ba tare da barazanar makiya ba. Mafi yawanci, hippos na pygmy yakan zaɓi ƙaramin fadama ko kogin da ya toshe tare da tafiyar hawainiya a matsayin mazauninsu. Hippos na rayuwa ta cikin ruwa. Sabili da haka, suna zaune a cikin kaburai waɗanda suke kusa da wurin tafki.

Gaskiya mai nishaɗi: Pygmy hippos ba ta taɓa ƙirƙirar mafaka ba. Suna kammala "ginin" wasu dabbobi ne kawai (wanda ke da ikon haƙa ƙasa), suna faɗaɗa kaburburansu don dacewa da girmansu.

Wakilan hippos ba sa jure wa tsananin zafi. Ba shi yiwuwa a sadu da su a cikin buɗaɗɗen wuri inda babu tafkuna. Yawancin lokaci dabbobi suna rayuwa a cikin wuraren ajiyar ƙasa da kuma wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa.

Yanzu kun san inda dutsen dabbar yake zaune. Bari muga me zai ci.

Me hippo din pygmy yake ci?

Hoto: Pygmy hippopotamus daga littafin Red Book

Pygmy hippos dabbobi masu shayarwa ne masu cin ciyawa. Siffar tasu ta daban shine ciki mai kumburi huɗu. Suna cin ciyawar da ba ta da girma (shi ya sa ake kiransu da ruke-ruke.) '' Farautar '' shuke-shuke tana farawa ne daga shigowar alfijir da wayewar gari. Dabbar daga fitowa daga kabarinta, sai ta tafi "makiyaya" mafi kusa ta yi kiwo a can na tsawon awanni 3 (safe da yamma).

Dwarf mutane suna cin abinci sannu a hankali kuma kaɗan. Suna cin ciyawa kowace rana, wanda nauyinsa yayi daidai da 1-2% na nauyin nauyin dabba (bai wuce kilogiram 5 ba). A lokaci guda, koda irin wannan 'karamin abun ciye-ciyen' ya isa ga hippos ya kula da cikakken rayuwa da kiyaye isasshen matakin kuzari. Zai yiwu wannan shi ne saboda kyakkyawan metabolism na dabbobi.

Yawanci, mutane na wannan ajin hippos suna cin ciyawar ruwa da tsarin tushen taushi. Dabbobi suna son cin abinci a kan ganye daga bishiyun daji, da 'ya'yansu. Da yardar rai suke tara dukkan ganyen da zasu iya kaiwa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don samun fruita fruitan itace mai ɗanɗano ko ganye daga daji / ƙaramin itace, hippos na pygmy na iya tsayawa kan ƙafafun kafa na baya. A lokaci guda, waɗanda ke gaba suna danna reshen da ake so a ƙasa.

Hippopotamuses ba sa cinye ciyawar da ta faɗo cikin bakinsu. Da kyar suke amfani da haƙoransu. Ko da lokacin da suke cire tsire-tsire daga ƙasa, suna amfani da leɓunansu. Yawancin abinci suna sauka cikin maƙogwaron gaba ɗaya bayan an murƙushe shi da leɓunan dabba.

Ba kamar takwarorinsu na yau da kullun ba, waɗanda ba sa ƙyamar cin mushe da ƙananan dabbobi masu mutuwa, dwarf mutane suna cin abinci na musamman (a kowane lokaci na shekara). Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa babu rashin gishiri da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a jikinsu.

Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa

Hotuna: pyan tsumman goro

Hippos na Pygmy galibi masu kadaici ne. Dabbobi basa haɗuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi don rayuwa (kamar yadda manyan brothersan uwansu suke yi). Kuna iya lura dasu nau'i-nau'i kawai lokacin lokacin kiwo. A lokaci guda, hippos suna amfani da alamun alamomi don nuna wurin su. Suna amfani da sigina na kamshi don sadar da yanayin haihuwa.

Hippopotamus na Pygmy ba wai kawai shi kaɗai ba ne, har ma da dabbobi marasa nutsuwa. Suna yawan yin kururuwa a nitse, suna kuwwa da dariya. Bugu da kari, wakilan wannan jinsin na iya da gurnani. Babu wasu maganganun sautin da aka lura.

Dukansu wakilai mata da na maza na dwarf genus sun fi son halin nutsuwa. Mafi yawan lokuta (galibi a rana), suna kwance a ƙananan ƙananan damuwa kusa da jikin ruwa ko wuraren da suka wuce gona da iri. Irin waɗannan dabbobi ba za su iya yin ba tare da ruwa ba. Wannan saboda yanayin keɓewar fatarsu, wanda ke buƙatar yin wanka koyaushe. Hippos suna neman abinci a cikin duhu (fitowar rana / faɗuwar rana).

Bincike da masana kimiyya suka yi ya nuna cewa dodo danshi yana bukatar kimanin murabba'in mita 2 na sararin kansa. Yanki mai zaman kansa yana bawa dabbobi damar samun lafiya. Mata ba su da buƙata a wannan batun. Suna buƙatar kawai murabba'in mita 0.5 na sararin samaniya. Duk wakilan ƙungiyar dwarf ba sa son zama a wuri ɗaya na dogon lokaci. Suna canza “gidansu” kusan sau 2 a mako.

Abu ne mai wahala ka sadu da hippos na pygmy a muhallinsu. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da kunya kuma ba safai suke fitowa daga wuraren da suke ɓoye da rana ba. Koyaya, akwai sanannun yanayin bayyanar waɗannan dabbobin a ƙasar noma. Amma har a nan, 'yan hippos sun himmatu ga haɗuwa da mutane.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hotuna: pygmy hippo

Babu bambance-bambance na waje tsakanin mata da maza na kananan hippos. Balagaggen jima'i na mutane daga jinsin dwarf yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 3-4th na rayuwa. Lokaci na jima'i yana iya faruwa a kowane lokaci na shekara. Matsayi mai mahimmanci shine ƙaddarar mace. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa. A wannan lokacin, uwar mai ciki zata iya haduwa sau da yawa. Tunda an yi nazarin tsarin kiwo ne kawai a cikin fursuna (yana da kusan ba zai yuwu a lura da wannan abin a cikin yanayin muhalli ba), an kafa maɗaurar mata ɗaya da ɗaya.

Hippopotamus mace tana ɗaukar cuba heranta daga kwana 180 zuwa 210. Halin mahaifiya mai ciki kafin ta haihu nan da nan mummunan tashin hankali ne. Tana taka-tsantsan da duk dabbobin da ke kusa da ita, ta hakan tana kiyaye lafiyarta ga jaririn da ke cikin ciki. Kariya yana ci gaba har bayan haihuwar "jaririn". Ana ɗaukar hippos na jarirai mai sauƙi ga ganima. Ba su dace da rayuwa mai zaman kanta ba kuma suna da rauni. Sabili da haka, uwa tana ƙoƙari ta kowace hanya don kare ɗanta kuma ta bar shi da ƙyar (kawai don neman abinci).

Mafi yawan lokuta, ana haifar danshi ɗaya kawai. Amma akwai lokuta (duk da cewa ba a cika samun su ba) game da haihuwar tagwaye. Jariri yayi kimanin kilo 5-7. Dabbobin da aka haifa tuni sun sami ci gaba sosai. Da farko, kusan basa motsi kuma suna wurin da aka haifesu. Mahaifiyar lokaci-lokaci takan bar su domin neman abinci. Har zuwa watanni 7, suna ciyar ne kawai akan madara. Bayan haka, lokacin samuwar su yana farawa ne daga mahalli na asali - mahaifa na koyawa kuron cin ciyawa da ganyen ƙananan daji.

Hippos mata na iya haihuwa a cikin ruwa da ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin haihuwar ruwa yana ƙare da nutsar ɗan maraƙin. Dabbobi suna shirye don sabon ciki tsakanin watanni 7-9 bayan haihuwar jaririn. Nazarin tsarin kiwo na hippos an yi shi ne cikin fursuna. Masana kimiyya har yanzu ba su iya gudanar da cikakken lura da dabbobi a cikin yanayinsu na yau da kullun ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙaramar lamba da fasalin wuri.

Abokan gaba na pygmy hippos

Photo: Pygmy hippopotamus a yanayi

A cikin muhallinsu, hippos pygmy yana da abokan gaba da yawa a lokaci ɗaya:

  • kadoji sune mafarauta masu haɗari a duniya. Suna cikin ƙungiyar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Suna farauta a kowane lokaci na rana. Musamman haɗari ga waɗancan wakilan hippos waɗanda suka gwammace su kwanta kusa da jikin ruwa. Suna iya samun hippos a matsayin ganima, sau da yawa sun fi su girma. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kada-kaduna ba su tauna gawar da aka kashe (saboda tsarin musamman na haƙoransu, ba za su iya wannan ba). Manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe sukan yayyaga dabbar da aka kashe ta haɗiye sassan jikinsa gabaki ɗaya. Yan kada sun zabi akasarin hippos masu rauni kuma sun nutsar dasu. Sababbin mutanen da aka haifa suna cikin haɗari mafi girma;
  • Damisa ita ce mafi mawuyacin dabba daga dabbobin dawa. Suna farautar hippos galibi su kaɗai. Damisa na iya jiran wanda aka azabtar a cikin kwanton bauna na dogon lokaci. Ganawa da irin wannan dabba don mutane hippopotamus kusan koyaushe yana ƙare da baƙin ciki. Baya ga farauta a karan kansu, kuliyoyi galibi suna cin ganimar da tuni ta sami matsala daga wasu mafarautan. Haɗarin kai harin damisa a kan hippopotamus yana ƙaruwa cikin duhu - lokacin da dabbobi suka fita neman abinci;
  • hieroglyphic pythons manya-manya manyan macizai ne marasa haɗari daga ajin ainihin pythons. Irin waɗannan mutane suna farauta ne da daddare. Sunyi shuru suna shuru akan ruwa da kuma kasa, wanda hakan ke basu damar kutsawa kan wanda aka azabtar ba tare da sun ankara ba. Pythons yana shafar hippos wanda nauyinsa bai wuce kilogram 30 ba. Bayan ya shake wuyar wanda aka azabtar, sai macijin ya fara sha a hankali. Bayan irin wannan abinci mai daɗi, python na iya wucewa ba tare da abinci ba har tsawon makonni.

Tun da farko, ana daukar mutanen da ke kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a matsayin manyan abokan gaba na hippos na pygmy. Wadannan dabbobi sun kasance masu daraja a bakar kasuwa kuma an siye su da tsada. A yau, duk da haka, kusan waɗannan ayyukan sun ɓace. Mutanen wannan rukuni na hippos suna ƙarƙashin kulawa ta musamman.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Hoto: Pygmy hippopotamus a Laberiya

Saboda sare dazuzzuka da kuma aikata ba daidai ba na mazaunan Afirka (kashewa da sake siyar da dabbobi), dusar kangararrun hippopotamus suna gab da halaka. Yaran da aka haifa a cikin mahalli ba safai suke rayuwa zuwa tsufa ba.

Akwai dalilai guda biyu masu mahimmanci ga wannan:

  • tabarbarewar yanayin rayuwa. Daidaitan sabbin yankuna na mutane na bukatar sare dazuzzuka da kuma dasa shukokin makiyaya. Saboda tsawan yanayin zafi, magudanan ruwa sun bushe. A sakamakon haka, an hana hippos wani yanayi na yau da kullun na rayuwa. Ba za su iya samun abinci a wadatacce ba (saboda ba za su iya yin tafiya mai nisa ba) da kuma wuraren ɓoye mai kyau. A matsayin sakamako - mutuwar dabbobi.
  • farauta Tsattsauran iko a kan daidaikun mutane bai damu da mafarautan Afirka ba. Daga hannunsu ne yawancin dabbobin da ke duniya suke mutuwa. Wannan gaskiya ne ga yankunan da ba a kafa kariya ta jinsuna ba. Anyi bayanin kisan dabbobi ta hanyar fatar su mai karfi da kuma nama mai dadi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Saboda ƙananan girmansu, an sanya hippos ba da gangan ba zuwa ƙungiyar dabbobin gida na ɗan lokaci. Za'a iya siyan su kyauta don dala dubu da dama kuma suyi "ilimi" da kansu, abin yana ba kowane bako mamaki tare da dan haya na gidan.

Kariyar hippos na pygmy

Hoto: Pygmy hippopotamus daga littafin Red Book

Adadin dabbobi a cikin wannan rukuni yana raguwa sosai. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata kaɗai, adadin hippos na pygmy ya ragu da 15-20%. Ainihin adadin wakilan hippos na pygmy a cikin karni na yanzu ya kai alamar dubu (ta hanyar kwatantawa, a cikin ƙarni na XX akwai wakilai kusan dubu 3 na wannan aji).

Gaskiya mai dadi: Pygmy hippos da ke tserewa daga abokan gaba ba zai taba tserewa cikin ruwa ba (duk da cewa ana daukar wannan wurin amintacce). Dabbobi sun fi son buya a cikin dazuzzuka.

Dabbobin jinsin dwarf, da rashin alheri, suna cikin nau'in haɗari. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka tsara musu yanayi na musamman a gidajen zoo da kuma wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa.Haka kuma, rayuwar dabbobi a cikin wani yanayi da aka kirkira (kamewa) ya fi kyau kuma yana da inganci (dabbobi na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 40-45).

Hijirar Pygmy - halitta mai ban mamaki, wanda abin takaici, a kowace shekara akwai ƙasa da ƙasa. An tsara wannan nau'in hippopotamus a cikin Littafin Ja tare da matsayin “Dabbobin da ke Haɗari”. Aiki na ci gaba don dawo da yawan jama'a, amma ci gaba yana da matukar jinkiri. Wakilan kiyaye namun daji a kowace shekara suna ci gaba da samun sabbin shirye-shirye don kiyaye lafiyar mutane. Muna fatan cewa yawan hippos na pygmy zai karu ne a kan lokaci.

Ranar bugawa: 07/10/2019

Ranar sabuntawa: 09/24/2019 da karfe 21:12

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Kalli bidiyon: Zihale - E- Miskin. Lata Mangeshkar, Shabbir Kumar. Ghulami 1985 Songs. Mithun Chakraborty (Nuwamba 2024).