Dingo Karen gida ne mai bakin ciki da ke zaune a Ostiraliya. Dabbar ta banbanta da duk wasu masu cin kashin Australiya ta yadda yayanta suka bayyana a wani mataki na ci gaba, kasancewarta mahaifa. Sunan Latin yana da kalmomi uku, ma'anar na karnuka, kerkeci kuma yana da suna na kansa - dingo: Canis lupus dingo.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Dingo
Wannan dabba mai shayarwa daga tsari na masu farauta yana daga cikin dangin canine, amma ga jinsi da nau'in kerkeci, suna tsaye a matsayin ƙananan rabe - dingo. Tsoffin irin wadannan dabbobin an same su a Vietnam kuma sun dawo tun shekaru dubu 4 kafin haihuwar BC, a Timor-Leste a tsibiran kudu maso gabashin Asiya - shekaru dubu 3 kafin zamaninmu. An samo ragowar dingo a mashigar ruwa ta Toress, sunkai shekaru dubu 2.1.Anyi rikodin ragowar karnukan New Guinean na shekaru 2.5-2.3 shekaru BC kafin lokaci kadan. kuma ba sune kakannin Kare-karen Wakar New Guinea ba.
Mafi tsufa kwarangwal na dingo:
- daga kogon Australiya na Mandura a kudu maso gabashin Yammacin Ostiraliya (shekara dubu 3.4 kafin haihuwar Yesu);
- a yarjejeniyar Wumba a New South Wales (shekaru dubu 3.3 kafin haihuwar BC);
- a Mannum a kan Kogin Murray a Kudancin Ostiraliya (shekaru dubu 3.1 kafin haihuwar BC);
- a kan Dutsen Burr a Kudancin Ostiraliya (shekaru dubu 8.5 kafin haihuwar Yesu).
Nazarin kwayar halitta ya nuna cewa dingo yana daga cikin rassan rassan kerkeci, amma ba zuriyar jinsin yanzu ba. Suna da kakanni na gama gari, amma kakannin dingo sun mutu a ƙarshen marigayi Pleistocene. Karnuka da dingoes membobi ne na reshe ɗaya - alamar. New Guinea masu rera wakokin karnuka da dingo daga kudu maso gabashin Australia suna da dangantaka ta asali.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Waɗannan karnukan ba sa haushi, amma suna iya ihu da kuwwa.
Bayan karnukan gida sunzo yankin Australiya, sai suka sake zama masu lalata. Europeanasashen Turai na farko sun fara sanin waɗannan dabbobi ta hanyar da ake samun waɗannan masu cin abincin har zuwa yau.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Dingo daji kare
Dabbar tana da girman girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in kare. Suna da tsayi 50-60 cm (bitches suna da ɗan kaɗan), nauyin 13-19 kilogiram. Hannun mai tsaka-tsakin alama yana da ɗan girma kaɗan dangi ga jiki, amma kyakkyawa. Babban kwanya tare da keɓaɓɓen juzu'i, mai faɗi da faɗi tsakanin kunnuwa, yana taɓar hanci. Hancin hancin baki a bude yake (a cikin karnukan masu haske, masu launin hanta). Jawarfin ƙaramin muƙamuƙin a bayyane yake bayyane. Lebba suna rufe hakora. Ciwan Scissor tare da cikakken hakora.
Bidiyo: Dingo
Idanun siffofin almond ne, an saita su kaɗan, girmanta matsakaici ne, launi mai duhu ne. Kunnuwa masu kusurwa uku ne, an tsaresu tare da zagaye zagaye, masu ma'ana sosai kuma suna can saman kwanyar. Kyakkyawan wuyan muscular yana da matsakaiciyar tsayi kuma an saita kai sama. Bayan dabba madaidaiciya ne kuma mai ƙarfi, kirji yana da nauyi. Croup yana da fadi, mai kusurwa, kuma akwai wadataccen tsayi daga kwatangwalo zuwa hock don yin aiki a matsayin marmaro don tsalle, a matsayin matashi mai tasiri don saurin ci gaba. Wsafafun kafa suna da tsayi, akwai gashi tsakanin kushin.
Wutsiya tana da kyau sosai kuma tana faɗaɗa zuwa tsakiyar tsayin sannan taper zuwa ƙarshen. Mutane daban-daban a yankunan arewacin nahiyar suna da gashin kansu da gashin gashin kansu na kariya, yayin da karnuka daga yankunan kudu ba su da sutura. Launi yana da ja, cream tare da zinaren zinariya, launin ruwan kasa, akwai baƙaƙen mutane. Zai yiwu a sami abin rufe fuska a bakin bakin, kuma inuwa mai haske ta kasance a kan makogwaro, ciki da kuma ƙarƙashin wutsiya. Dago masu launin baki da launin ruwan kasa na iya samun ɗigon launuka masu haske a ƙafafunsu, kirji, kunci, da girare. Wannan dabba ce mai hankali, mai son hankali amma mai hankali. Yana da wuya, nan take ya ba da amsa ga matsalolin. A dabi'a, karnuka masu zaman kansu ne, amma sun san yadda ake nuna hali a cikin shirya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sau biyu a shekara, dingoes suna yin balaguro zuwa bakin teku. Mutanen da ke zaune a New South Wales suma suna hawa kan titunan zuwa New Ingled da sauran jeri na tsaunukan Alps na Australiya sau biyu a shekara a cikin Afrilu da Nuwamba.
A ina dingo ke zama?
Hotuna: Dingo a Ostiraliya
Ana iya samun wannan nau'in kare na daji a duk ƙasar Ostiraliya. Mafi yawan jama'a shine yankin arewa. A tsakiyar wannan yankin, mazaunin tare da babban harshe yana gangarowa zuwa kudu a tsakiyar yankin babban yankin, sannan kuma ya rufe ɓangaren yamma a cikin rabin da'irar. A nan ana iya samun dingo mafi yawanci, kodayake a cikin wasu yankuna wannan dabbar ba ta saba ba. Groupsananan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban suna zaune a New Guinea da wasu ƙasashe a kudu maso gabashin Asiya:
- Myammar;
- Thailand;
- Laos;
- Borneo;
- Philippines;
- Malesiya;
- Bangladesh;
- kudu maso gabashin kasar Sin.
Don sake matsuguni, karnuka sun fi son gandun daji na eucalyptus da hamada. A cikin yankuna daji, suna shirya gadaje da ramuka a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi, ƙarƙashin itacen gawayi, a cikin daskararrun bishiyoyi ko ciyawa, a cikin ramuka da kogon dutse. Hakanan, karnuka galibi sukan mamaye buhunan dabbobi marasa kyau waɗanda suka zama abincin ganduro. Sun ba da fifiko ga wuraren da ke kusa da koguna da sauran hanyoyin samun ruwa mai kyau. Dingo sau da yawa suna zama kusa da gidajen ɗan adam, inda suke iya samun abinci cikin sauƙin shara ko dabbobin farauta.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Ostiraliya tana da shinge mafi tsawo a duniya da ake kira "Dingo Fence". Ya raba kudu maso gabashin babban yankin daga sauran kuma an yi niyyar kare makiyayar noma daga mamayewar karnuka. Tsayin shingen raga ya kai mita 1.8. A ɓangarorin biyu, an tsaftace yanki na mita biyar daga ciyayi. Ginshiƙan katako suna zama masu tallafi. A wasu wuraren akwai haske, ana samarda wuta ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana.
Asalin shingen an gina shi ne a 1880 don dakatar da yaduwar zomaye, amma ya zama ɓata lokaci kuma a farkon karni na ashirin, tsarin ya rushe a wurare da yawa. Amma kuma a wasu jihohin an yanke shawarar mayar da shingen don hana karnukan daji kai wa tumaki hari. Don haka a cikin 1932, gwamnatin Queensland ta sayi raga na kilomita 32 don mayar da shingen. A cikin shekaru arba'in, kowane yanki an hade shi zuwa sarkar guda, kuma tsawon tsawon ya kusan kilomita dubu 8.6. Yanzu ginin ya wuce dubu 5.6. Yana daukar dala miliyan 10 don kula da shi.
Yanzu kun san inda dingo take zaune. Bari mu ga abin da karen daji ke ci.
Menene dingo ke ci?
Hoton: dingo na Australiya
Kare, bayan ya isa Ostiraliya, bai sadu da wasu mafarauta masu haɗari ba, ban da kerkeci masu ƙaiƙayi da shaidan na Tasmania, don haka a sauƙaƙe ya zauna ko'ina cikin ƙasar kuma ya farautar dabbobin da suka dace. Sun kori abokan karawar tasu gaba daya daga nahiyar.
Mamananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar beraye, zomo, opossums da wallabies suna cinye kusan rabin abincin babban abincin kare, kuma yana cin ganyayyakin kangaro da na ciki. Tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians, kifi, crustaceans, carrion, kwari sun kai kusan kashi 40% na menu.
Kanguru yana da sauri kuma ya fi dingo girma, amma tarin karnuka na iya bin dabba mai shayarwa tsawon awanni, suna maye gurbin juna a nesa kuma suna cin gajiyar jinkiri. Kangaroo ya gaji da dogon bin kuma ba zai iya jurewa ba. Dingos a cikin garken koyaushe suna bin tsarin abincinsu. Mafi girma kuma mafi rinjaye membobin suna samun mafi kyawu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Garken zinare na 12-14 da ke afka wa tumaki na iya halakar da kai 20 kai tsaye ba tare da sun ci ba. Rabon dabbobi a cikin abincin yakai kimanin kashi hudu kuma babban bangare shine kaji: kaji, agwagwa, geese, turkey.
Dingoes ma suna farautar emus, waɗanda suka ninka su girma da yawa. Yayin tsallen, kare na kokarin kwace wuyan tsuntsun, kusa da kai yadda ya kamata. Emu, lura da haɗarin, yayi tsalle da tsalle ya kori mai farautar da ƙafarsa. Dingo ba koyaushe yake cikin hakora ba don irin wannan ganima mai girman gaske, sabili da haka kare baya haifar da babbar barazana ga wannan tsuntsu. A cikin ƙasashen Indochina, menu na dingo ya ƙunshi ƙarin sharar abincin mutane: shinkafa, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kifi, kaza. Wani lokacin ma suna farautar beraye, kadangaru, macizai.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Karen Dingo
Matsayin aiki a rayuwar dingo yana faɗuwa ne a cikin sa'o'in dare. Da rana, a lokacin zafi, waɗannan karnukan suna hutawa a cikin ciyawar ciyawa ko ciyawar daji. Da yamma, suna zuwa farauta, suna cikin garken tumaki. Animalsananan dabbobi suna zama ganimar mutane ɗaya.
Dingo ba koyaushe ke cin nasara ba a cikin fadan daya-daya da kangaroo. Musamman idan bai gudu ba, amma ya tsaya a matsayin mai karewa, yayi ƙoƙari don tsoratar da abokan gaba, don yin yaƙi tare da ƙafafunsa na gaba tare da fika. Kuma karnukan kansu ba sa zuwa irin wannan gwagwarmayar ta gaba, da kimanta ƙarfinsu da gaske. Garkunan suna farauta ta hanyar bin, suna kai wa abokan gaba hari, wanda ya fi karnukan girma, daga bangarori daban-daban.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Manya da tsofaffin dabbobi suna zuwa farauta daga kogon. Yankin da ke kusa da mazaunin ya kasance ga matasa, har ila yau ƙwararrun mutane.
A cikin tsananin farin ciki, karnuka na iya gudu zuwa kilomita 20 a rana, yayin da suke bunkasa gudun kilomita 55 a awa daya. Dingos suna da saurin motsa jiki, dabbobi masu sassauƙa, suna da hankali da hankali. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya kasance da wahala ga manoma su iya magance wadannan dabbobin. Suna guje wa tarkuna kuma suna da hankali game da nau'ikan koto.
Ragunan tumakin Ostiraliya sukan yi kiwo ba tare da sa hannun mutum ba kuma karnuka ne kawai ke kula da su. Karnukan cikin gida, koda kuwa sun fi girma girman dingo, ba koyaushe za su iya tsayayya da garken dingoes ba, waɗanda ke iya wargaza masu tsaron fuskokin kuma su yanke tumakin da yake tsarewa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dingo, wanda karnuka na gida suka yanke daga yan uwansa, zasu iya yin faɗa da ƙarfi, duk da raunin da yake bayyane a cikin ƙarfi, amma a lokaci guda galibi yana nuna wayo. Kare na daji na iya yin da'awar ya mutu kuma, amfani da lokacin, ya kauce wa masu bin sa.
Kuna iya faɗi gicciye tsakanin dingo da tsarkakakkiyar tsarkakakke ta ikon haushi. Hakanan, komai tsananin kakannin kakannin gida, ba sa afkawa mutane, wanda ba za a iya cewa game da dabbobin da suka ketare tare da wasu nau'o'in ba.
'Yan kwikwiyon Dingo suna da sauƙin kulawa, amma yayin da suke tsufa, yanayin zaman kansu ya bayyana. Wannan ya bayyana musamman a lokacin saduwa. Ala kulli halin, wannan karen ya san mai shi ne kawai in ya rasa shi, ya mutu ko ya shiga daji.
Dangane da haɗarin ketare waɗannan karnukan tare da wasu nau'ikan kiwo na cikin gida da bayyanar zalunci a cikin zuriya a cikin irin waɗannan litattafan da aka gauraya, an haramta samun dingo a cikin Ostiraliya. A wasu ƙasashe na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, karnukan gida suna da 'yanci, suna zaune kusa da gidan mutum kuma kusan ba sa farauta, suna cin abin da za su samu ko abin da mai su ya bayar.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Aborigine na Australiya sukan ɗauki tookan kwikwiyo don kula da su. Sun koya musu farauta da bincika tushen abinci mai amfani. Bayan mutuwar dabbar, an binne shi da girmamawa.
A lokacin bazarar bazara, garken dingoes sun watse. Hakanan, waɗannan dabbobin sun dace da fari, suna wadatar da ruwan da ke cikin abincin kawai. Don ppan kwikwiyo da basu ƙara shayar da madara ba, karnuka zasu sake sabunta ruwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: ingoan kwikwiyon Dingo
Dingoes galibi suna yin garken mutane na 10-14. Tsarinsu da halayyar mutane a cikin al'umma za a iya kwatanta su da kerkeci, inda akwai tsattsauran matsayi, kuma ana ba manyan da ƙarfi ƙarfi babban jagora. Packungiyar tana da nata yankin don farauta kuma tana iya kare kan iyakokinta, suna kokawa da wani rukuni na dingoes. Matasa galibi suna farauta kai kaɗai, kodayake don manyan ganima suna iya tattarawa cikin rukuni.
Wadannan dabbobin suna auren mace daya. Suna kiwo sau daya a shekara. Pairan biyu masu rinjaye ne kaɗai ke kawo puan kwikwiyo a cikin fakitin, sauran puan kwikwiyoyin da mata suka lalata daga manyan biyun. Sauran membobin al'umma suna taimakawa wajen kulawa da ilimin generationan matasa. Manya, dabbobin da suka manyanta sun zama manyan biyun da basu wuce shekara ta uku ba. Lokacin saduwa a Ostiraliya yana faruwa a cikin Maris da Afrilu, kuma a cikin yankunan Asiya a watan Agusta da Satumba.
An shirya mafaka don asirce da dingo na jinya a cikin ramuka, kogwanni, raƙuman ruwa da ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi. Ciki yana dauke da kwanaki 61-68. A matsakaici, an haifi puan kwikwiyo 5-6, amma akwai litters kuma har zuwa mutane goma. An rufe su da fur, amma ba su gani ba a farkon kwanakin rayuwarsu. Idan macen ta hango wani hadari, to sai ta mayar da duk dusar da ita zuwa wani kogon.
Bayan makonni uku, thean kwikwiyo sun bar kogon. A wata biyu, suna daina ciyar da nonon uwa. Ba wai kawai iyaye ke ciyar da zuriyar ba, har ma membobin ƙungiyar waɗanda ke ƙasa da matsayi, suna maimaita naman da aka ci bayan farauta, ga puan kwikwiyo. Bayan makonni takwas, jariran sun shiga cikin garken, suna fara farauta daga shekara wata huɗu.
A cikin shekaru biyu na rayuwa, ƙuruciya matasa sukan kasance tare da mahaifiyarsu, don samun ƙwarewar farauta da ƙwarewar rayuwa. Balaga yana faruwa kusan shekaru 2-3. Matsakaicin rayuwar dabbobin daji ya kai kimanin shekaru goma.
Abokan gaba na dingo
Hotuna: Dingo
Daga cikin duniyar dabbobi ta Ostiraliya, dingo ba shi da abokan gaba kaɗan, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wannan nau'in karnukan feral ya zama mai saurin mamaye duk nahiyar. Kerkeci da aljannu na gari, wadanda a baya suke zaune a Ostiraliya, sannan suka kasance a Tasmania kawai, ba su yi gasa tare da su ba. Daga baya, Turawan sun gabatar da diloli da karnukan gida, wadanda su ne makiyan dingo. Hakanan kada, wanda galibi ke kwanto ga abin farautar su a ramuka, kuma na iya zama haɗari a gare su.
Generationananan samari na iya faɗawa cikin haɗuwar tsuntsayen ganima. Babban ƙadangare mai sa ido shima yana kaiwa dingo hari, amma mafi saurin tashin hankali da saurin tashin hankali ba koyaushe yake zama ganimar kadangarun ba. Karnukan kwantan bauna suna farautar karnuka, musamman matasa ko raunanan mutane. Makiyan dingo wakilan wakilan shanu ne da bauna.
Babban maƙiyin dingo shine mutum. Tunda wannan dabbar tana da ikon yanka tumaki da yawa a lokaci guda, ko kuma a ce, wannan ya ci gaba har sai karnukan makiyaya ko mutanen da ke dauke da bindigogi suka bayyana, babban abokin hamayyar makiyaya ne. Wannan reshe na aikin gona ya zama mai matukar mahimmanci a cikin karni na 19, tun daga lokacin dingoes sun fara harbawa, guba, sun kafa tarko a kansu, wanda hakan ya haifar da raguwar adadin dabbobi. Kimanin shekaru ɗari da ashirin da suka wuce, an ba da kuɗi biyu ga kowane kare da aka kashe. A yau irin waɗannan biyan kuɗi $ 100 ne idan an lalata kare a kusa da shingen.
Tare da shingen da ake da shi, dinoes suna kan aiki koyaushe, waɗanda ke lura da amincin gidan yanar gizo kuma idan sun sami abin ɗokewa, to, sai su lalata su. Aborigines na Australiya a baya suna cin waɗannan masu cin abincin, kamar yadda suke ci yanzu a ƙasashen Asiya. A cikin Thailand, dabbobi kusan dari biyu suna shiga kasuwannin abinci kowane mako.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Dingo daji kare
Ba a san girman yawan dingo ba, tun da akwai mutane da yawa da yawa a cikin matasan da ba za a iya bambanta su da tsarkakakkun halittu ba. Kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya gida ne ga dabbobi da yawa, amma yawancin karnukan da ake kiwo suna ta raguwa a hankali a cikin rabin karnin da ya gabata: 50% a cikin 60s, 17% a cikin 80s. Yanzu yana da wuya a yi magana game da dinoes masu tsabta a cikin waɗannan yankuna na Asiya. A arewa, arewa maso yamma da kuma yankunan tsakiyar Ostiraliya, karnukan karnuka, wadanda suka hada da na kiwo da yawa, ba su wuce 0.3 a kowace murabba'in kilomita ba. Ba a daɗe da gano dabbobi a Papua New Guinea ba, suna da ƙarancin gaske a cikin Philippines. Akwai a Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma, Laos, Malaysia, India da China, amma lambar ba ta ƙarewa.
Mazaunin yana rufe yankuna masu tsayi masu tsayi a tsawan kusan 3.5 - 3.8 mita dubu, dazuzzuka a saman tsaunuka a gabashin Ostiraliya, dazuzzuka masu zafi, da hamada masu zafi da kuma busassun hamada. Yana da wuya a sami karnuka a cikin makiyaya da wuraren kiwo saboda fitinar mutane.Dingo, jinsin da mutum ya gabatar, suna yanka tumaki, kuma akwai wasu lokuta da hare-haren wadannan dabbobin akan yara, wanda yake ba da hujjar matakan da aka nufa na lalata wadannan karnukan.
Amfani da shingen dingo yana harzuka mazaunan yankin, tunda yana bukatar ƙoƙari da kuɗi mai yawa don kula da shi, kuma karnukan har yanzu suna ƙetare shingen, wanda lakaftawa, zomaye, da mahaifa suka lalata. Masu bayar da shawarwarin dabbobi ma suna adawa da harbi da lalata dingoes. Masana kimiyya sun kuma nuna shakku game da dacewar rage yawan adadinsu, tunda karnoni da yawa karnuka sun wanzu a cikin daji a Ostiraliya kuma sun tabbatar da abin da ke jikinsu. Raguwar yawan dinoes na iya haifar da haifuwar kangaroos, za su lalata kiwon tumakin, tunda suna amfani da makiyaya iri ɗaya.
Wannan dabbar tana da halin rauni, yawan karnukan daji ba su da girma, amma yawancin masu tsarkakakku na raguwa saboda bayyanar matasan. Matsayi dingo a cikin yanayin halittu na nahiyar Australiya yana da mahimmanci. Mai farauta yana tsara yawan zomayen da ke kiwo cikin sauri, wanda kuma annoba ce ga makiyaya, suna cin ciyayi, suna lalata murfin ciyawar gaba daya. Dingoes kuma suna farautar kuliyoyi da kuliyoyi, waɗanda ke yin barazana ga yawancin dabbobin Australia da tsuntsaye masu yawan jini. Kodayake dingo din ma sun taimaka wajen raguwa da bacewar yawan wasu wakilan duniyar dabbobi a wannan nahiya ta kudu.
Ranar bugawa: 07.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 24.09.2019 a 20:43
