Mouflon - ɗaya daga cikin wakilan raguna, wanda aka rarrabe shi da ƙarami kaɗan. Ya yadu a Turai, Asiya har ma da tsibirin Bahar Rum. Mouflons ne magabatan tumakin gida na yau da kullun, tunda wannan nau'in ragon yana da asalin asalinsa tun zamanin da. Mouflons suna da wasu bambance-bambance daga sauran nau'in ragunan, kuma sun sha bamban tsakanin jinsin, ya danganta da mazaunin.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Mouflon
Mouflon dabba ce ta jinsin raguna, tana da yawa daga artiodactyls. Mouflons sune dangi na kusa da tumakin daji. Duk dabbobi daga jinsin raguna suna da wasu sifofi daban-daban wadanda ake samu a mafi yawan wakilai.
Wato:
- girma a bushe har zuwa 65 cm a cikin mata kuma har zuwa 125 cm a cikin maza;
- ba su taɓa (ko da wuya - a wasu nau'ikan) ba su canza rigar su ba, amma launi ya bambanta daga haske zuwa kusan baƙi;
- maza sukan sanya abin gogewa a wuya, kuma babba ragon, ya fi girma girkin;
- rago galibi ana rikita shi da akuya, amma siffofin da ke rarrabewa shi ne rashin gemu a fuska da kuma kaho mai lankwasa (a awaki suna madaidaici);
- raguna suna rayuwa kusan shekaru 10-12;
- raguna suna da ƙahonin da suka tanƙwara a karkace, kuma tsofaffin namiji ne, tsayin ƙaho kuma suna daɗa juyawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wani lokaci a cikin tsofaffin raguna, ƙahonin yakan kai ga tsawon wannan har su fara cizawa da kaifi ƙafa a cikin kwanyar su, suna girma a ciki. Wasu mutane suna mutuwa saboda ƙahoninsu.
Nauyin raguna ya banbanta - yana iya zama matsakaita mutane har zuwa kilogiram 20, kuma ƙattai a cikin kilogiram 200. Akwai jinsuna da yawa a cikin jinsin halittar, kowanne daga cikinsu yana da wasu adadin chromosomes. Duk da bambancin adadi, nau'ikan mutane na iya haɗuwa da juna. Masanan ilimin gado sun yi amfani da wannan damar don hayayyafa mafi inganci, mafi inganci 'ya'yan tumakin gida, waɗanda ke da wadatuwa da ulu, nama da yanayin ɗabi'a.
Bidiyo: Mouflon
Duk raguna dabbobi ne na diary, wanda ke halayyar ciyawar gabaɗaya, kodayake da daddare zasu iya sauka zuwa cikin filayen don kiwo a kan ciyawa. Mata masu 'yan maruƙa suna yin kurege, waɗanda mallakar maɗaukakin maza mallakar su ne. Amma maza suna zaune a cikin rukuni daban waɗanda a cikin su akwai tsattsauran matsayi. An kafa ta ne ta tsawon ƙahoni (waɗanda suke da ƙahoni masu tsayi sun fi ƙarfi) ko kuma ta hanyar raguwa. Mazaje suna nuna karfin su a yakin kaho; wani lokacin irin wannan fadace-fadace yakan kai ga mutuwar abokan hamayya.
Yawancin jinsunan rago sun fi son zama a wuraren tsaunuka: ƙafafunsu suna dacewa don tafiya a kan duwatsu da manyan duwatsu, kuma akwai ƙarancin masu kama da dabbobi. Amma akwai nau'ikan raguna waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin hamada da tuddai.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Tumaki Mouflon
Mouflons dabbobi ne masu ƙarfi har zuwa 70 cm tsayi a busasshiyar. Suna da gajere, gashi mara nauyi na launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko kusan baƙar fata. A cikin hunturu, ulu tana duhu, insulates; a lokacin bazara, mata na iya samun inuwa kusa da ja. Wasu lokuta a gefen maza, musamman a lokacin narkar da launin fata, fararen alamomi na ulu mai taushi mai kauri ya bayyana. Kafafu, ciki, baya, hanci da kuma, wani lokacin, wuya - fari, launin toka mai haske ko ja mai haske. Maza suna da ƙaramin gogewa a cikin wuyansu wanda ya kai har zuwa kirji kuma wani lokacin yakan kai tsawon gwiwa.
A tsawon, babban rago ya kai kimanin mita 1.25, wanda 10 cm ita ce wutsiya. Hakanan, maza suna da manyan ƙahonin yadawa waɗanda ke juyawa zuwa zobba. Matsakaicin tsayin irin waɗannan ƙahoni 65 cm, amma suna girma cikin rayuwa kuma suna iya kaiwa cm 80. An yi ƙahonin da kaifin ƙare a ciki, an ɗora su da ratsiyoyi masu ratsa jiki, wanda ke rage nauyinsu kuma ya sa ƙahonin su daɗe. Mata ba su da ƙaho ko kuma suna da ƙaho kaɗan - ba sa buƙatar haɓaka matsayi a cikin garken.
Gaskiya mai dadi: Theahonin wasu mouflons suna da rabo na zinariya.
Mouflons na ƙananan ƙungiyoyi biyu ne, amma basu da banbanci da juna. Misali, mouflon Turai ya fi girman dangi fiye da danginsa, Transfaucasian mouflon. Idan ci gaban Bature ya kai kimanin santimita 70 a busassun, to Transcaucasian na iya kaiwa cm 90. Launin na biyu, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ya ɗan yi duhu, tunda gashi ya fi yawa da danshi saboda yanayin rayuwa mai sanyi. A cikin rabe-raben farko, akwai karin raƙuman mouflons, amma duk sun kasance ɓarke daga waɗannan nau'ikan jinsunan biyu, suna zaune a wurare daban-daban.
Kokon kan mutum mouflon wani lokaci yakan kai 300 cm a tsayi, a cikin mata a matsakaita - cm 250. Mouflons ɗayan onean tsirarun raguna ne waɗanda ke canza rigar su akai-akai, suna dumama kansu don hunturu da zub da babban rigar su ta bazara. Raguna an haife su da launi mai haske, amma tare da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin mulki, sabili da haka, a ranar farko ta farko zasu iya yin rawar jiki, sannan daga baya su hau kan duwatsu da duwatsu daidai da mahaifiyarsu.
Ina mouflon yake zaune?
Hotuna: Mouflon a Rasha
Nau'in mouflon guda biyu suna zaune a wurare daban-daban, amma mazauninsu wuri ne mai ban tsoro.
Mouflon Turai ya kasance abun farauta ne na yau da kullun, saboda haka a yau, ban da ajiyar kuɗi, ana iya samun sa a waɗannan wurare masu zuwa:
- tsibirin Corsica. Wannan wurin shakatawa ne mai kyau na tumaki, tunda tsibirin an rufe shi da tsaunuka masu ladabi, yana da yanki mai yawan gaske na gandun daji da filaye. Ana iya samun tumaki a tsakiyar tsibirin;
- tsibirin Sardinia; an hade yanayin busasshe da sanyin hunturu. Tumaki suna rayuwa ko'ina cikin tsibirin, amma galibi a filayen;
- an aiwatar da sulhu a yankin kudancin Turai.
Wannan nau'in mouflon ya fi son ƙasa mai duwatsu, tare da ketare tare da yankuna masu faɗi - a cikin hunturu tumaki suna zuwa kan dutse, kuma a lokacin rani suna sauka don kiwo a fili. Garkunan mouflon na Turai na iya kaiwa kawuna ɗari, amma dukansu mata ne. Maza suna shiga garken ne kawai a lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, a lokacin rutting, lokacin da suke shirya gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin saduwa.
Ana iya samun mouflon na Asiya (ko Transcaucasian) a cikin wurare masu zuwa:
- Transcaucasia;
- Turkmenistan;
- Tajikistan;
- tsibiran Bahar Rum. Mazauna sun kawo raguna anan da farko azaman abinci yayin ci gaban ƙasar, amma wasu mutane sun sami damar haifuwa kuma sun dace da yanayin zafi;
- arewa maso yamma Indiya.
Gaskiya mai dadi: A cikin 2018, an gano mouflon Asiya a tsaunin Ustyurut a Kazakhstan. Wannan yanki ne na hamada a cikin karamin tsauni, amma raguna sunyi nasarar dacewa da rayuwa a wannan wurin.
Yanzu kun san inda ragon daji mouflon yake zaune. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene mouflon ke ci?
Photo: Matar mouflon
Yankin tsaunuka, wanda galibin moan mouflon na Asiya ke rayuwa da shi, ba shi da wadataccen ciyayi. Tunkiya ta koyi yadda ake tono saiwayar tsiro da neman abinci a kan tsaunuka. Dogaro da wadatar ruwan sha da abinci, mouflons na iya yin ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri.
Babban ɓangare na abincin mouflons shine:
- ciyawa kore;
- hatsi;
- tushe;
- busassun rassa;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa, shuke-shuke;
- 'ya'yan itace;
- ganyen bishiyoyi masu fruita fruitan itace.
A lokacin bazara, mouflons suna cin abinci da yawa, saboda suna buƙatar haɓaka kafin lokacin hunturu, wanda abinci zai zama da wahalar samu. Ciki na raguna na iya narkar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wanda ke da amfani musamman a lokacin sanyi. A cikin hunturu, sukan lura da rashin nauyi; wasu mazan, waɗanda suka mamaye mafi ƙarancin matsayi a cikin matsayi, ba sa rayuwa a lokacin sanyi saboda rashin abinci.
Tumaki a wasu lokuta sukan kai shi gonakin noma, inda suke cin alkama da sauran hatsi. Suna saurin yin nauyi a kansu, amma cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci, garken tumaki na iya haifar da mummunar lahani ga amfanin gona. Suna yin irin wannan lahani a kan samarin harbi wanda ya bayyana a filayen bazara. Tumaki, suna gangarowa daga tsaunuka, har ma suna cin ƙananan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, suna tona tushensu.
Da wuya mouflons su buƙaci ruwa, tunda suna iya sha ko da ruwan gishiri ne ƙwarai - jikinsu yana sarrafa gishiri sosai. Saboda haka, galibi suna zama a wuraren da masu farauta ba za su iya rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali ba saboda rashin ruwa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: moan mouflon na Kirimiya
Mouflons, kamar sauran raguna, suna rayuwa cikin garken dabbobi har zuwa kawuna ɗari. Garken kuwa ya hada da mata da raguna. Babu matsayi a cikin wannan garken; rago ba na mahaifiyarsu ba ne kawai, har ma da wasu tumaki. Maza suna rayuwa dabam da mata a cikin ƙaramin garke.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin Transcaucasia, ana kiran ragon namiji "mufrone", kuma mace ana kiranta "mufr".
Matsayi na garken maza ya bambanta da na mata: akwai alpha wanda ke kiyaye raguna raguna. Bayan alpha, akwai raguna da yawa waɗanda suka mamaye matakin jagoranci na gaba - don haka har zuwa ƙungiyar omegas. A ƙa'ida, waɗannan raguna ne na yara ko waɗanda suka ji rauni da marasa lafiya, da kuma raguna waɗanda saboda wani dalili sun rasa ƙahoninsu.
Hornaho alama ce ta halin zamantakewar mutum tsakanin rago. Ko da wani tsohon rago mai kahon zuriya yana da babban matsayi na zamantakewa a cikin garken. Tumaki suna shirya faɗa don gasar a lokacin rutting, lokacin da aka ƙaddara wa ke da ikon ya auri mace. Rago mafi karfi zai yiwa yawancin tumaki takin zamani, yayin da rago mafi rauni ba shi da ikon yin aure sam.
Da kansu, raguna dabbobi ne masu natsuwa da kunya, abin da yake daidai da shuke-shuke. A lokacin hunturu, idan aka gamu da haɗari, hatta mazan da ke da ƙarfi za su gwammace su gudu, kawai a cikin halin tilastawa ke shiga yaƙi da kishiya. A lokacin sanyi, waɗannan dabbobin suna da rauni saboda rashin abinci, saboda haka suna ɓuya a cikin tsaunuka domin da wuya su haɗu da masu farauta.
A lokacin bazara da bazara, raguna maza suna zama masu rikici, yana da haɗari a kusancesu. Lokacin tashin hankali mafi girma shine lokacin rutsi, lokacin da maza ke yaƙi don 'yancin saduwa. Mata koyaushe suna jin kunya, amma idan haɗari ya razana ragonta, tana iya korar abokan gaba. Mouflons na maza ba sa kiyaye garken shanu ta kowace hanya; saboda rashin shugaba guda, raguna suna yawo kai tsaye, suna motsi bayan shan ruwa da abinci.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Armeniya mouflon
A lokacin rutting, garken maza na mouflons suna saduwa da garken mata a filin ƙasa. A can maza suna fara gasa don 'yancin saduwa da mata. Wasannin gasa fada ne inda maza biyu suka yi karo da juna da ƙahoninsu. Tsarin kwanyar su yana basu damar jure mummunan bugu ba tare da cutarwa ga tsarin jijiyoyi da kwakwalwa ba. Wasu lokuta irin wannan fadan na da ban tsoro ga maza masu rauni, saboda suna iya samun munanan raunuka ko ma mutu. Hakanan, akwai lokuta da yawa waɗanda mouflons ke haɗawa da ƙahonninsu kuma baza su iya watsewa ba.
Rut tana farawa a lokuta daban-daban dangane da mazaunin mouflon - yana iya zama Maris-Afrilu ko ma Disamba, idan dabbar ba ta zama a yankin sanyi ba. Mata sun kasu zuwa kananan garken mutane 10-15, wanda maza 4-6 suka zo. Kafin arangama da ƙaho, maza suna watsewa har zuwa mita 20 kuma suna karo da juna cikin sauri. Mafi yawan lokuta, ba karfi bane ke yin nasara, sai dai masu karfi, saboda irin wannan fada yana lalata dabbobi.
Mata na balaga a cikin shekara ɗaya da rabi, kuma maza a shekaru uku zuwa huɗu. Hatta mazan da ba su karɓi matsayin mafi ƙarfi ba kuma suna da damar saduwa, tun bayan "gasar" ba a korar ragunan daga garken. Cutar cikin tunkiya na tsawon wata biyar, amma namiji ba ya daukar wani bangare na kula da mace ko kula da zuriyar - ragunan ba sa yin kungiyoyin mata da yawa.
Mace takan kawo raguna ɗaya ko biyu, wanda a farkon awanni biyu na rayuwa zasu iya tashi. Na makonni huɗu na farko, rago yana shayar da nono, amma daga baya zai iya cin amfanin gona mai laushi. A shekara ta uku, raguna maza suna barin garken mata kuma suna samun matsayi a cikin jerin garken maza.
Da farko, ɗan ragon ya kasance cikin omegas, yana zaune mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin matsayi. Amma zai iya yin yaƙi da tsofaffin raguna don ya ɗauki matsayinsu ya hau matakai da yawa zuwa sama. A matsakaici, a cikin daji, raguna suna rayuwa na kimanin shekaru takwas, amma a cikin bauta, tsawon rai na iya kaiwa shekaru 10-15.
Abokan gaba na mouflons
Hotuna: Transfaucasian mouflon
Dogaro da mazaunin, mouflons suna da abokan gaba daban.
Mouflons na Asiya na iya haɗuwa:
- panthers;
- cheetahs (a cikin yankunan kudanci na Turkmenistan);
- takurawa;
- Tigers na Transcaucasian;
- fox (suna barazanar rago);
- ruwan kasa mai kai.
Kamar yadda kake gani, da yawa daga cikin masu farautar farauta ne waɗanda ke iya hawa kan duwatsu kuma suna iya kaiwa raguna a wuraren da aka fi kariya.
Makiyan Turai mouflon sune kamar haka:
- sardinia lynx;
- Sardinia dholis (canines);
- dawakai;
- martens;
- da kyar rago ya hadu da kerkeci.
Mouflons a cikin yankuna na Turai sun sami kariya daga masu farauta, tunda farautar tana fuskantar cikas ta wurin tsaunuka inda rago ke rayuwa.
Hakanan, barazanar tana tattare da manyan tsuntsayen ganima wadanda ke jan 'yan raguna, kamar haka:
- bakin wuya;
- gaggafa;
- mikiya na zinariya;
- ungulu;
- wasu nau'ikan kites.
Mouflons ba su da ikon tunkude masu farauta. Sai kawai a lokacin rutting, mazan da suka sami karfin hali na iya kai hari saboda martani ga masu farautar da garken ya kama. Mata ba sa kare samari, kuma idan akwai haɗarin garken, sun gwammace su guje wa maharin. Wannan rashin taimako na karewa ya daidaita ta rikodin lokacin haihuwa na cikin rago, da kuma yawan haihuwa na moufflons - maraƙi ɗaya halayyar raguna ne, yayin da mouflons na iya kawo biyu ko oftenasa sau uku.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Mouflons
A cikin karni na 20, an farautar mouflons sosai, saboda abin da ƙananan Turai ke gab da halaka. Don dawo da yawan jama'a, an rarraba wasu mutane a duk sassan kudanci na Turai, kuma saboda rashin abokan gaba, an dawo da tumakin. Mouflon yana ba da ƙarfi da fata mai daɗi, don haka ana farautar su a yau.
Saboda yiwuwar tsallaka tsallaka tsallake, waɗannan ragunan ma ana darajar su kamar dabbobin gida. Yana da wuya a cika mouflons na gida, amma zaka iya ƙetara su da tumakin gida. Misali, an yi amfani da mouflons don kiwon merino, wani nau'in tumaki na musamman da ke iya yin kiwo a cikin filayen duk shekara.
Mouflon Asiya ba ta taɓa kusan halakawa ba, tunda ba ta da darajar kasuwanci. Abun wasan farauta ne na wasanni, kuma ana saran ƙahoninsa a matsayin kyaututtuka masu tsada. Babu wani magani ko kayan abinci mai gina jiki da ake dangantawa da naman mouflon na Asiya. Ana tsare Mouflons a cikin fursuna, kuma a cikin kejin sararin samaniya tsawon ransu ya karu zuwa shekaru 15-17. Dabbobi cikin sauƙi suna dacewa da kowane yanayin kiyayewa kuma da sauri su sami nauyi kan abinci, amma ba za su iya saba da mutane ba.
Mouflon sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar ɗan adam, saboda an samo ambaton kakanninsu a jikin zanen bango tun farkon shekaru dubu 3 BC. A koyaushe sun tanadar wa mutane ingantaccen fata da nama mai gina jiki. Ta hanyar tsallake wadannan raguna tare da wasu nau'ikan, mutane sun sami damar hayayyafa sabbin garken tumakin gida, wadanda aka rarrabe su da juriya, nama mai dadi da gashi mai wadata.
Ranar bugawa: 07.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/24/2019 a 20:49
