Tiger shark - ba mafi girma daga cikin kifin kifin ba, amma ɗayan mafiya haɗari. Yana da sauri da sauri, yana jin farauta daga nesa kuma yana da hakora waɗanda ke iya cizon ƙashi. Ganin raunin da ta yi, zai fi kyau a ja da baya. Tana neman ganima kusan kowane lokaci kuma tana iya cin kusan duk abin da ya faranta mata ido.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Tiger shark
Kakannin farko na kifayen zamani sun rayu a Duniya a zamanin Silurian (shekaru miliyan 420 kafin haihuwar BC). Amma irin nau'in kifin da suka kasance tambaya ce ta muhawara. Mafi yawan karatun sune cladoselachia - suna da tsarin jiki kwatankwacin kifayen sharks, amma basu cika cikakke ba, wanda bai basu damar ci gaba da sauri ba.
Sun sauko ne daga kayan kwalliya, masu kama da shark - bisa ga wani fasali, na ruwa, a wani, ruwan sha. 'Ya'yan cladoselachia ba a bar su ba, amma wataƙila ɗayan kifayen da ke da alaƙa da na zamani ya zama kakan kifaye.
Bidiyo: Tiger Shark
Daga wannan ya bayyana karara cewa farkon halittar yan kifin sharks ba shi da ma'ana kuma yana da sabani: misali, a baya an yi amannar cewa kakanninsu shi ne hibodus, kifi mai farauta na mita biyu wanda ya bayyana a lokacin Carboniferous. Amma yanzu masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa hibodus wani yanki ne kawai daga cigaban halittar kifin shark.
Yanayin ya zama a bayyane a cikin zamanin Triassic, lokacin da kifi ya bayyana, an riga an ba da cikakken bayani azaman kifaye. Sun ci gaba har a lokacin, amma babban canjin canjin yazo tare da sanannen halakar dinosaur, kuma tare da su yawancin sauran dabbobi.
Don rayuwa, kifayen da suka rayu a duniyar dole suka sake ginawa sosai, kuma suka sami fasalolin zamani da yawa. Daga nan ne kamannin irin na karharin suka bayyana, waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin mafi kamala daga cikin kifayen kifaye masu fasali. Wadannan sun hada da kifin damisa.
Nau'in zamani shine kadai wanda yake da jinsin halittu iri daya. Tarihin rarrabuwa ya kasance mai rikitarwa da rikicewa - dole ne a canza sunansa a Latin fiye da sau ɗaya ko sau biyu. An bayyana shi a cikin 1822 ta Lesueur da Peron a ƙarƙashin sunan Squalus cuvier.
Amma shekaru uku kacal bayan haka, a cikin aikin Henri Blainville, matsayinta na rabe-raben jinsuna ya canza, kuma a lokaci guda ya zama sananne da Carcharhinus lamia. A 1837 aka sake sake shi, ya raba jinsi Galeocerdo, jinsin Galeocerdo tigrinus.
A kan wannan ne 'tafiye-tafiyenta' suka ƙare, amma har yanzu an sami canji guda ɗaya - haƙƙin ba da sunan na wanda ya fara kirkirar sa kuma, kodayake dole ne a canza sunan na asali, takamaiman sunan ya koma na asali. Wannan shine yadda Galeocerdo cuvier na zamani ya kasance.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Babban tiger shark
Sashin sama na jiki launin toka ne tare da launin shuɗi. Yana da alama tare da ratsi da kuma launuka masu launi mai duhu - saboda su ne yasa aka sa sunan damin shark. Partananan ɓangaren yana da haske kuma yana da launi fari-fari. A cikin samari, launuka ya fi wadata, tabo ana iya rarrabe su sosai, kuma yayin da suka girma, a hankali sukan “dusashe”.
Tana da hanci mai fadi da kuma ƙaramin squirt, da kuma haƙoran adadi masu yawa, sun sha bamban da girma da kaifi. Suna haɗuwa tare da gefuna kuma suna da tasiri ƙwarai: amfani da su, shark mai sauƙin yanke jiki har ma da ƙasusuwa. Muƙamuƙin mai ƙarfi yana taimakawa don yin wannan, godiya ga abin da shark ke iya murƙushe har ma da ƙwaryar babban kunkuru.
Masu numfashi suna bayan idanu, tare da taimakon abin da iskar oxygen ke gudana kai tsaye zuwa kwakwalwar kifin kifin shark. Fatarsa tana da kauri sosai kuma sau da yawa ta fi ƙarfin ɓoyayyen bovine - don cizo ta ciki, kuna buƙatar samun ƙananan hakora masu kaifi da kaifi fiye da damin damisa. A cikin faɗa da abokan adawar da ba su da haƙoransu iri ɗaya, tana iya jin kamar tana cikin makamai.
Ginin ginin kifin shark na da alama yana da girma idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran nau'ikan, yawan tsayi da fadi ya sa ya zama "dunƙule". Bugu da ƙari, yawancin lokaci tana yin iyo a hankali kuma ba da kyau ba. Amma wannan ra'ayin yana yaudarar mutane ne - idan ya cancanta, yana hanzarta sosai, yana nuna sassauci da motsi.
Tiger shark shine ɗayan manyan mafarauta masu aiki, kuma shine na biyu kawai a tsayin farar fata. Koyaya, idan aka kwatanta da manyan kifaye na ainihi, girmansa bai da girma sosai: a matsakaita, daga mita 3 zuwa 4.5, a cikin wasu ƙananan lamura zai iya girma zuwa mita 5-5.5. Nauyin ya kai kimanin kilogram 400-700. Mata sun fi maza girma.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hakokin Shark koyaushe suna da kaifi da haɗari saboda suna sabunta kansu akai-akai. Shekaru biyar, tana canza fiye da hakora dubu goma - adadi mai ban mamaki!
A ina ne shark na damisa take rayuwa?
Hotuna: Tiger kifin kifin shark
Suna son ruwa mai dumi, sabili da haka galibi suna rayuwa ne a tekun yankuna masu zafi da na yankuna masu zafi, haka kuma a cikin mafi kyawun waɗanda ke kwance a yankin mai yanayin yanayi. Galibi suna yin iyo a cikin ruwan bakin teku, kodayake suna iya yin iyo a cikin teku mai buɗewa. Har ma suna iya tsallaka tekun kuma su yi tafiya zuwa wancan ƙetaren, ko ma zuwa wancan.
Ana iya samun mafi yawan lambobin tiger shark a cikin:
- Tekun Caribbean;
- Oceania;
- tekuna suna wanke Australia;
- kusa da Madagascar;
- arewacin Tekun Indiya.
Iyakokin su ba'a iyakance da wannan ba, ana iya samun masu farauta a kusan kowane teku mai dumi. Banda shine Bahar Rum, inda ba sa faruwa duk da yanayin da ya dace. Kodayake ana iya samunsu a cikin teku mai buɗewa, amma galibi a lokacin ƙaura, galibi suna zama kusa da bakin teku, galibi saboda akwai mafi yawan ganima a wurin.
Don neman ganima, suna iya iyo zuwa gabar tekun, kuma suna iyo cikin koguna, amma basa matsawa daga bakin. Galibi ba sa nutsewa zuwa zurfin ruwa, sun gwammace su tsaya ba su wuce mita 20-50 daga saman ruwan ba. Amma suna iya yin wannan, an gansu har zuwa zurfin mita 1,000.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Suna da ampoules na Lorenzini - masu karɓa waɗanda ke amsa siginonin lantarki daga rawar jiki, har ma da masu rauni sosai. Ana aika wadannan sakonnin kai tsaye zuwa kwakwalwar kifin kifin shark. Ana kama su ne kawai daga ɗan gajeren nesa - har zuwa rabin mita, amma sun fi daidaito fiye da waɗanda ke zuwa daga gabobin ji da gani, kuma suna ba da damar yin lissafin motsi da daidaito na mutuwa.
Yanzu kun san inda damin shark yake zaune. Yanzu bari mu ga abin da wannan mai farauta mai haɗari yake ci.
Menene kifin shark yake ci?
Hotuna: Tiger shark
Ba ta da wani bambanci a cikin abinci kuma tana iya cin kowa da komai.
Kayan aikinta ya dogara ne akan:
- teku zakuna da like;
- kunkuru;
- kayan kwalliya;
- squid;
- tsuntsaye;
- dorinar ruwa;
- kifi, gami da sauran kifayen kifayen, baƙon abu ne a gare su da kuma cin naman mutane.
Abincin yana da laushi da gaske, kuma tana yawan yunwa a rana. Bugu da ƙari, koda kuna cin abinci mai ɗanɗano, duk daidai ne, idan damar ta samu kanta, ba za ku guji cizon wani abu da ke shawagi a kusa ba, idan baku taɓa gwada shi ba.
"Wani abu" - saboda wannan ya shafi ba kawai dabbobi ba, har ma ga kowane datti. An samo abubuwa masu ban mamaki da yawa a cikin cikin cikin kifin kifin na kifi: tayoyi daga motoci da gwangwanin mai, tururuwa, kwalba, abubuwan fashewa - da sauran abubuwa makamantansu da yawa.
Zamu iya cewa wannan son sani ne: damisa a koyaushe tana da sha'awar abin da wani abu da ba a taɓa sani ba yake da ɗanɗani da kuma abin da za a ci kwata-kwata. Idan abinci na yau da kullun baya kusa, maimakon dogon bincike, sharkukan damisa suna afkawa waɗanda suke wurin: misali, dolphins ko kada.
Zasu iya kai hari har ma da dabbobin da suka fi su girma, misali, whale, idan sun ji rauni ko rashin lafiya kuma ba za su iya tsayayya ba. Haɗarin yana barazanar ba kawai ƙananan ƙifayen teku ba, har ma da manyan - alal misali, a cikin 2006, an yi rikodin shari'ar kai hari kan kifi whale ta wata ƙungiya kusa da Hawaii.
Muƙamuƙansu suna da ƙarfi da faɗi, wanda ke basu damar jimre wa koda da irin wannan ganimar. Amma galibi, tsarin abincinsu har yanzu yana ƙunshe da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Carrion shima ana cinsa. Har ila yau, damun kifin na iya cin mutane - wannan ɗayan nau'ikan haɗari ne, tunda za su iya farautar mutane da gangan.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Tiger shark a cikin teku
Mafi yawan lokuta damun shark yakan ciyar da abin farauta. A lokaci guda, yawanci yana tafiya a hankali don kar a tsoratar da wanda aka azabtar, amma sai a take ya canza kuma ya yi saurin walƙiya. Saboda tsananin fin dorsal da kuma siffar hancinsa, da sauri yana canza alkiblar motsi har ma yana iya juya jujjuyawar sa kai tsaye.
Idan da yawa daga cikin masu cin abincin ruwa suna da karancin gani, wanda ke biyan kyakkyawan jin warinsu, to yanayi ya basu kyautar kifin na tiger tare da kowa: suna da kamshi mai ban mamaki da gani, kuma a kari akwai layi na gefe da Lorenzini ampullae, godiya garesu wanda zasu iya kama motsin kowace tsoka ganima - wannan yana ba ku damar farauta koda a cikin ruwa mai wahala.
Scanshin shark ɗin yana da kyau sosai wanda ɗigon jini ya isa ya ɗau hankalinsa na tsawon mil. Duk wannan yana sanya damun shark daya daga cikin mahimman dabarun farauta kuma, idan yana da sha'awar wani, damar farautar ganima ta ragu sosai.
Amma daman kifin shark ma yana son shakatawa - kamar damisa, yana iya yin shuru cikin nutsuwa na tsawon awanni kuma ya yi kwalliya a rana, wanda yake iyo zuwa ga sandbank. Mafi yawa wannan yakan faru ne da rana, lokacin da ta koshi. Yawanci yakan tafi farauta da safe da yamma da yamma, kodayake yana iya yin hakan a wasu lokutan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan damk shark musamman yana son ɗanɗano ko alama kamar saƙo mai sauƙi, zai ci gaba da farautar wakilan jinsi iri ɗaya. Wannan kuma ya shafi mutane: a cikin 2011, daga tsibirin Maui, sun yi ƙoƙari su kama kifin da ke cin mutum har shekara biyu. Duk da rufe bakin rairayin bakin teku, a wannan lokacin ta cinye mutane bakwai kuma ta nakasa wasu goma sha biyu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Babban tiger shark
Galibi suna rike daya bayan daya, kuma idan sun hadu zasu iya shiga rikici. Wannan na faruwa ne idan sun fusata, ko kuma sun sha bamban da shekaru da kuma girman su - to babban mutum zai iya yanke shawarar cin karamar. Wasu lokuta duk da haka suna haɗuwa cikin rukuni na mutane 5-20.
Wannan na iya faruwa idan akwai wadataccen abinci, amma irin waɗannan rukunin ba su da tabbas, rikice-rikice galibi sukan taso a cikinsu. Wasu gungun kifaye shark goma suna da ikon kashe ganima mai yawa, kuma suna da hadari koda ga kifayen ruwa, da kuma na wasu, manyan da ba su da sauri. Kodayake galibi suna ci gaba da ciyar da ƙananan dabbobi.
Lokacin kiwo yana faruwa duk bayan shekaru uku. Ko da al'adar jima'i ta shark tiger an rarrabe ta da tsananin tashin hankali - ba sa cin amanar kansu a cikin wannan. A cikin aikinta, namiji dole ne ya ciji mace ta hanyar fin kuma ya riƙe ta, kuma wannan ba kwata-kwata ba ne: rauni yakan kasance a jikin mata. Koyaya, har yanzu kifin kifin kifi ba ya jin zafi - jikinsu yana samar da abubuwa da suke toshe shi.
Takin ciki ne. Kyanƙyashe an ƙyanƙyashe fiye da shekara guda, bayan haka an haifi kusan 12-16 soya, kuma a wasu yanayi har zuwa 40-80. Tiger sharks suna da kwarjini: 'ya'yan da aka kyankyashe daga ƙwai a cikin ciki, kuma an riga an haife su a cikin yanayin ci gaba.
Wannan yana da matukar amfani, saboda uwa ba za ta nuna wata kulawa dangane da su ba, kuma nan da nan bayan sun haihu dole ne su sami damar cin abinci da kansu kuma su kare kansu. Ilmin mahaifiya a cikin dabbar shark ba ya nan, kuma ba ya cin itsa ownan kansa kawai saboda kafin haihuwa ta rasa abin da za ta ci, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci yana nan cikin wannan halin.
Abokan gaba na sharkatun damisa
Hotuna: Tiger kifin kifin shark
Yawancin manyan mafarauta suna yin barazana ga matasa da masu tasowa, kodayake mafi yawansu suna da hankali. Yayinda barazanar ke girma, sai ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma babban kifin ba zai iya jin tsoron kowa ba. Mafi girman maƙiyan maƙiyi sune: kifin takobi, marlin, yatsun ƙure-ƙere da lu'u lu'u, sauran kifaye, da farko dangi.
Amma na farkon duk abubuwan da ke sama don afkawa sharks kawai, kuma wannan ba safai yake faruwa ba, don haka kifayen kifin damisa suna da 'yan adawa masu cancanta. Amma wannan idan ka takaita ne kawai ga waɗanda za su iya auna ƙarfinsu tare da su kuma su shiga yaƙi kai tsaye, kuma akwai wasu da suka fi haɗari ga wannan kifin.
Daya daga cikin manyan makiya makiya shark shine kifin bushiya. Bata da girma kuma baya kaiwa kanta hari, amma idan sharkabin damisa ya haɗiye shi, to tuni a cikin mai farautar wannan kifin ya zama ƙwallo mai zafin gaske kuma ya huda hanjin kifin, wanda yakan haifar da mutuwa. Wani mawuyacin abin da ke haifar da mutuwar shark shine parasites.
Mutane kuma sun hallaka adadi mai yawa daga cikinsu - wataƙila daga hannun mutane ne yawancin waɗanda ke cin abincin suka mutu. A wannan yanayin, komai yayi daidai: shark kuma baya kyamar cin abinci ga mutum - yawancin hare-hare na faruwa a kowace shekara, saboda kifayen tiger sukan yi iyo a wuraren cunkoson mutane.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba a rarrabe damisa a cikin abinci saboda ruwan 'ya'yanta na ciki na da ruwa ƙwarai, yana ba shi damar narkar da yawa. Bugu da kari, dan wani lokaci bayan kowane cin abinci, kawai sai ta sake gyara ragowar abubuwan da ba a lalata ba - saboda haka matsalolin masifa masu yawa ba sa shan wahala. Idan baku hadiye kifin bushiya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Tiger shark
Tiger sharks nau'ikan kasuwanci ne; hantarsu da ƙoshin jikinsu suna da matukar daraja. Fatarsu kuma ana amfani da ita kuma ana cin naman su. Kari akan haka, wani lokacin ana farautar su kuma kawai saboda sha'awar wasanni, wasu masunta suna mafarkin kama irin wannan kifin mai ban tsoro.
Har yanzu ba a kafa iyakokin kama ba, tunda yawansu ya yi yawa, kuma ba za a iya lasafta su a matsayin nau'ikan nau'ikan ba. A lokaci guda, saboda kamun kifi mai aiki, dabbobinsu suna raguwa, a wasu tekunan zuwa mahimman dabi'u.
Saboda haka, kodayake jinsin baki daya har yanzu yana nesa da barazanar bacewa, amma kungiyoyin kare muhalli na kokarin takaita halakar wadannan dabbobin: idan ya ci gaba da tafiya daidai, to shigarsu cikin Littafin Ja ba makawa. Ba a tsare sharkoki a cikin fursuna: an yi ƙoƙari sau da yawa, amma duk sun gaza, saboda sun mutu da sauri.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tiger sharks suna ɗayan shahararrun wuraren kamun kifi na wasanni. Kama irin wannan kifin yana da matukar wahala, kuma banda haka, ana ɗaukarsa aiki ne mai haɗari (kodayake tare da shiri mai kyau, an rage haɗarin). Sabili da haka, dammar damisa, tare da sauran kifayen da ke cin karensu ba babbaka, babban kyauta ce mai daraja, an haɗa ta cikin "Manyan Biyar" da ba a faɗi ba tare da kifin takobi, jirgin ruwa, manyan nau'in tuna da marlin.
Har abada yunwa Tiger shark - daya daga cikin mafi kyaun mahautan teku. Siffofin tsarinsu suna da ban sha'awa sosai, ana la'akari dasu yayin zayyana jiragen ruwa, jiragen sama da sauran kayan aiki - juyin halitta ya baiwa wadannan kifayen abubuwan alfarma wanda zai basu damar mallakar tekun, kuma har yanzu ba duk asirinsu ya tonu ba.
Ranar bugawa: 06.06.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 22.09.2019 a 23:08
