Lemongrass malam buɗe ido ɗayan na farko yana fara jujjuyawa a cikin bazara, kuma galibi yana wahala daga wannan, yana mutuwa lokacin da aka maye gurbin narkewar da sabon yanayin sanyi - bayan wannan, ana iya ganin malam buɗe ido mai haske a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Ana samun su ba kawai a lokacin bazara ba, har ma a lokacin rani da kaka. Sun fito waje don launi mai haske, da kuma fuka-fukai, kamar dai an ɗan yanke su daga gefuna biyun.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Lemongrass malam buɗe ido
Lemongrass na dangin farin fuka ne (Pieridae). Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi irin waɗannan kwari kamar kabeji da turnip, amma lemongrass kansu ba a ɗaukarsu a matsayin kwari ba, tun da kwarkwatarsu suna ciyar da akasarin buckthorn. Abin da ya sa suma suna da wani suna - buckwheat. Whitefish na cikin tsari Lepidoptera. Kamar yadda aka tabbatar ta hanyar binciken masana burbushin halittu, wakilai na farko na tsari sun mamaye duniya a farkon zamanin Jurassic - shekarun mafi dadaddun burbushin da aka samu kusan shekaru miliyan 190 ne.
Bidiyo: Butterfly Lemongrass
A lokacin Cretaceous, lokacin da shuke-shuke masu furannin ke yaduwa a duk fadin duniya, Lepidoptera shima ya bunkasa. Sun sami ingantaccen kayan aiki na baka, fukafukan su kuma sun bunkasa sosai. A lokaci guda, an kirkiro wani dogon proboscis, wanda aka tsara don tsotse ruwan nectar. Kwayoyin Lepidoptera sun yawaita, da yawa da yawa sun bayyana, tsawon rayuwarsu ta siffar imago ya ƙaru - sun kai ga bunƙasa ta gaske. Kodayake a zamaninmu bambancin wannan tsari shima abin birgewa ne, ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A lokacin rayuwarsu, butterflies suna canza siffofi huɗu: na farko, ƙwai, sannan tsutsa, tsutsa, da, a ƙarshe, babban malam buɗe ido mai fukafukai. Duk waɗannan siffofin suna da banbanci da juna, kuma imago shine sunan na ƙarshe.
Lepidoptera ya haɓaka cikin sauri tare da shuke-shuke masu furanni. Ta hanyar Paleogene, yawancin iyalai na zamani sun sami ƙarshe, gami da farin kifi. Fitowar lemongrass na zamani ya faro ne zuwa lokaci guda. A hankali, sabbin jinsin su suka ci gaba da bayyana, kuma har yanzu wannan tsari bai kare ba.
Kwayar halittar lemongrass ta hada daga nau'ikan 10 zuwa 14 - wasu masu binciken ba su kai ga cimma matsaya ba kan ainihin rabe-raben. Bambanci tsakanin jinsuna an fi bayyana su cikin girma da ƙarfi. Bugu da ari, a kowane yanayi, sai dai in an nuna wani abu, za mu yi magana game da lemongrass, wanda Karl Linnaeus ya bayyana a cikin muhimmin aiki "Tsarin Tsarin Halitta", wanda ya bayyana a 1758.
Akwai da yawa daga cikin shahararru da nau'ikan gama gari:
- Cleopatra, wanda aka samo a cikin Bahar Rum;
- aminta, mafi girma - fikafikansa ya kai 80 mm, ana samun sa a kudu maso gabashin Asiya;
- aspasia - Manyan butterflies na Gabas, akasin haka, ƙananan ne (30 mm) kuma suna da launuka masu haske.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yellow Butterfly Lemongrass
A cikin yanayin imago, yana da fikafikan gaba da fadadden baya - dukkansu suna da karshen karshe. Fuka-fukan baya suna da tsayi kaɗan kuma suna iya kai 35 mm. Launi ya ba lemo da ciyawa damar yin kamanni da kyau: idan sun ninka fikafikansu, suna zaune a bishiya ko daji, to yana da wahala mahautan su hango su daga nesa.
Mata da maza sun bambanta da farko a cikin launi na fukafukan su: a cikin maza suna da launin rawaya mai haske, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa sunan waɗannan malam buɗe ido ya samo asali, kuma a cikin mata suna da fari da launin kore. Akwai karamin tabo mai lemu a tsakiyar fikafikan.
Suna da idanu masu fasali da kai zagaye, haka kuma suna da proboscis mai tsayi sosai, wanda da shi zasu iya cire ruwan tsirrai koda daga fure masu rikitarwa. Akwai ƙafafu biyu na ƙafafun tafiya, tare da taimakonsu magnolia vine yana motsawa tare da farfajiyar shukar. Akwai fika-fikai guda biyu.
Girma dabam ya bambanta ƙwarai dangane da nau'in, yawanci tare da fuka-fuki na kimanin 55 mm. A cikin wakilan mafi yawan nau'ikan, zai iya kaiwa 80 mm, kuma a cikin ƙaramin lemongrass kawai 30 mm. Caterpillars ba sa tsayawa a waje: suna da kore don dacewa da ganyaye, an rufe su da ƙananan ɗigo-dige.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan ba shi da zafi sosai, to, da zaran rana ta ɓoye a bayan gajimare, yayin da lemongrass ke neman sauka kan fure ko bishiya mafi kusa - yana da matukar wahala a gare shi ya tashi ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba, tunda dole ne a kiyaye babban zafin jiki don tashi.
A ina ne lemongrass butterfly yake zaune?
Hotuna: Krushinnitsa
Mazaunin yana da fadi sosai, ya hada da:
- yawancin Turai;
- Kusa da Gabas;
- Gabas mai nisa;
- Arewacin Afirka;
- Kudu maso gabashin Asiya;
- Tsibirin Canary;
- Tsibirin Madeira.
Wadannan malam buɗe ido ba su nan a cikin hamada, raƙuman ruwa na Ciscaucasia, a hayin Arctic Circle, su ma ba sa nan a tsibirin Krit. A Rasha, suna da yadu sosai, zaka iya samunsu daga Kaliningrad zuwa Vladivostok. Suna iya rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi, kusan zuwa Yankin Arctic sosai.
Da farko dai, yawan zangonsu ya ta'allaka ne da yaduwar buckthorn a matsayin babban tushen abinci ga kwari, kodayake suna iya cin wasu tsirrai ma. Duk da yake sanannen lemongrass ya yadu, sauran nau'ikan zasu iya rayuwa a cikin iyakantaccen yanki, akwai masu yawan rayuwa da ke rayuwa a Tsibirin Canary da Madeira.
Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa waɗannan malam buɗe ido ba sa rayuwa a cikin filayen, suna fifita su a cikin bishiyun bishiyoyi, lambuna daban-daban, wuraren shakatawa, gefunan gandun daji da dazuzzuka - manyan shiyyoyin da za a iya samun su, tunda lemongrass kuma ba sa zama a cikin wani daji mai yawa. Suna zaune a cikin duwatsu, amma ba su da tsayi sosai - ba su fi mita 2,500 sama da matakin teku ba. Idan ya cancanta, za su iya tashi zuwa nesa don neman filin da ya fi dacewa don rayuwa.
Yanzu kun san inda rawaya, mai haske mai haske. Yanzu bari mu ga abin da lemongrass butterfly ke ci?
Menene lemongrass malam buɗe ido yake ci?
Photo: Lemongrass malam buɗe ido a cikin bazara
A cikin nau'i na imago - nectar.
Daga cikin tsire-tsire waɗanda ƙwayarsu ke jawo lemongrass:
- share fage;
- furannin masara;
- sivets;
- sarƙaƙƙiya;
- dandelion;
- ƙwaƙwalwa;
- uwa da uba;
- ciwon hanta.
Furannin daji suna da fifiko tsakanin abubuwan da aka fi so, kodayake suna shan ruwan tsiron lemongrass na lambu. Godiya ga doguwar proboscis ɗinsu, suna iya cin abincin nectar koda kuwa basa iya kaiwa ga kusan duk wasu malam buɗe ido - misali, irin na farko. Ga shuke-shuke da yawa na bazara, yana da mahimmanci a lalata su da lemongrass, saboda kusan babu sauran butterflies a wannan lokacin. Tsutsa na cin abincin buckthorns, kamar laxative buckthorn, zhoster da sauransu.
Suna cinye ganye daga tsakiya zuwa gefen a cikin fewan kwanaki, suna girma cikin sauri, kuma a lokacin da zasu fita zuwa wajen ganyen, narkakken abu ya riga ya wuce. Ba su cutar da buckthorn da yawa, kuma ga shuke-shuke da aka noma kusan ba su da wata illa ko kaɗan, ban da fewan kaɗan kawai: caterpillars na iya ciyar da ganyen shuke-shuke kamar kabeji, rutabagas, turnips, horseradish, radish ko turnip. Amma shari'o'in da suke cutar da shuka ba safai ake samunsu ba, tunda ƙwai na lemongrass yawanci ana sanya su ne a cikin dazuzzuka da gefunan daji.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yana zaɓar wane fure ne zai zauna a kan lemong, ba ƙanshin da suke fitarwa ba, amma ta launi. Yawancin waɗannan butterflies suna jan hankalin shuɗi da furannin furanni.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Lemongrass malam buɗe ido
Suna aiki yayin rana kuma suna tashi ne kawai lokacin da rana take. Suna da matukar son yanayi mai dumi, kuma a lokacin bazara, idan yayi sanyi, galibi sukan daskare na wani dogon lokaci, suna ninka fikafikansu a kusurwar dama suna kokarin kama hasken rana da yawa - da farko sun maye gurbinsu gefe daya, sannan kuma dayan. Da zaran yamma ta zo ba ta da haske sosai, sai su fara neman wuri mai kyau don su kwana - galibi zaren daji ne ke yin wannan. Suna zaune a kan wani reshe mai zurfin zurfin daji kuma, suna ninka fikafikan su, sun zama kusan ba za'a iya banbanta su da ciyawar da ke kewaye ba.
Ba kamar sauran sauran butterflies ba, wadanda basa bata lokaci mai yawa a tashi saboda yawan kashe kuzari da ke kanta, lemun zaki yana da tauri sosai kuma yana iya tashi a mafi yawan yini, yana shawo kan nesa. A lokaci guda, suna iya hawa zuwa manyan tsayi. Tunda suna rayuwa bisa ka'idojin butterflies na dogon lokaci, suna buƙatar adana ƙarfi - saboda haka, idan yanayi ya zama ba mai kyau ba, misali, yanayin ruwan sama ya shiga kuma ya yi sanyi, to ko a tsakiyar bazara suna iya fara diapause. Lokacin da ya sake dumi, lemongrass ya farka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Diapause wani lokaci ne lokacin da tasirin malam buɗe ido ke yin jinkiri sosai, yana daina motsi kuma ya zama mai saurin jure tasirin waje.
Lemongrass ya bayyana a cikin na farko - a yankuna masu dumi, farawa a watan Maris. Amma waɗannan su ne butterflies suna rayuwa don shekara ta biyu, suna yin ƙwai a cikin bazara, bayan haka suna mutuwa. Matasa suna bayyana a farkon bazara, kuma a tsakiyar kaka suna zuwa hunturu don “narke” a lokacin bazara. Wato, tsawon rayuwar lemo-lemo a cikin hanyar imago ya kai kimanin watanni tara - don nunin butterflies na rana wannan yana da yawa, kuma a Turai har ma suna riƙe da tarihin tsawon rai.
Don lokacin hunturu suna ɓoyewa cikin zurfin. Ba sa jin tsoron sanyi: yawan riƙewar glycerol da polypeptides yana ba su damar kasancewa da rai a cikin ɓarna koda a yanayin zafin jiki na -40 ° C, musamman tun da a mafaka, musamman idan yana ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, yawanci yana da zafi sosai. Akasin haka, narkewa yana da haɗari a gare su: idan sun farka, suna ciyar da kuzari da yawa akan jirage, kuma tunda babu furanni tukuna, ba za su iya sabunta wadatar ta ba. Tare da tsananin sanyin sanyi, kawai basu da lokacin da zasu sake neman sabon matsuguni da hibernate - kuma su mutu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Buckthorn malam buɗe ido
Suna zaune su kadai, kuma a cikin yanayin lokacin tashi ne kawai suke tashi bibbiyu. Yana faduwa ne a lokacin bazara, kuma himmar na maza ne wadanda suke yin tsafin tsayayyar al'ada: idan sun sadu da wata mace da ta dace, sai su bi ta a wani ɗan gajeren lokaci na ɗan lokaci. Daga nan sai namiji da mace su sauko kan daji su hadu.
Bayan haka, mace na neman wani wuri kusa da buckthorn harbe don tsutsar ta sami isasshen abinci, kuma ta sa ƙwai, ɗaya ko biyu ga kowane ganye, har zuwa ɗari a cikin duka. Ana kiyaye su da sirrin sirri. Qwai suna girma na mako guda ko biyu, kuma a farkon bazara tsutsa tana fitowa. Bayan fitowan, yana fara shanye ganye - a cikin siffar kwari, lemongrass yana da matukar kuzari kuma yana cin kusan kowane lokaci, yana girma daga 1.5 zuwa 35 mm. Lokacin da yake ɗauka don girma ya dogara da yanayi - mafi ɗumi da bushewa, da sauri saurin kifin zai isa girman da ake buƙata kuma ya ratsa duk ƙwanƙolin. Yawanci yakan ɗauki makonni 3-5.
Sai ta pupates. Lokaci da aka yi a kamannin pupa ya dogara da yanayin kuma kwanaki 10-20 ne - mafi dumi, da sauri malam buɗe ido ya bayyana. Bayan fitowarta daga kokon, sai ta ɗan ɗan ɓata lokaci kawai tana shawagi don faɗaɗa fikafikanta da ba su ƙarfi, sannan kuma za ta iya tashi da yardar kaina - nan da nan mutum ya zama babba kuma ya dace da rayuwa. Gabaɗaya, duk matakan ci gaba suna ɗauka daga kwanaki 40 zuwa 60, kuma babban malam buɗe baki yana rayuwa na wasu kwanaki 270, kodayake yana ciyar da wani muhimmin ɓangare na wannan lokacin a cikin nutsuwa.
Abokan gaba na lemongrass butterflies
Photo: Lemongrass malam buɗe ido
Akwai su da yawa: lemongrass suna cikin haɗari a kowane mataki na ci gaba, saboda akwai mutanen da suke son cin su ta kowane nau'i. Abu ne mafi sauki ga balaraben balagaggu, tun da masu farauta har yanzu suna buƙatar kama su, babu irin waɗannan matsalolin tare da wasu siffofin.
Daga cikin makiya lemongrass:
- tsuntsaye;
- gizo-gizo;
- ƙwaro
- tururuwa;
- wasps;
- wasu kwari da yawa.
Akwai wadatattun masu cin abincin da ke ciyar da butterflies, amma maƙiyansu maƙiyansu tsuntsaye ne. Suna son caterpillars kamar yadda suke cin abinci mai gina jiki wanda ba kwa buƙatar farauta. Gabaɗaya, tsuntsaye suna lalata kusan rubu'in kwari a matsakaita. Wasu tsuntsayen ma sukan kai hari kan kwatanci - galibi suna kama su yayin da suke hutawa ko shan ruwan sanyi.
A gare su, hanya mafi sauki ita ce bugun wanda aka azabtar da shi lokacin da ta zauna, da kashewa, sannan raba fukafukai da ita kuma cin jikin. Kodayake wasu ba su da isasshen ɗanɗano don kama malam buɗe ido a kan tashi, alal misali, haɗiya suna yin hakan. Amma ga manya, tsuntsaye da masu farauta gaba ɗaya ba su da haɗari sosai - za su iya tashi sama, ban da haka, launi mai kariya yana taimakawa, saboda abin da yake da wuya a lura da su lokacin da suke hutawa. Ya fi wuya ga kwari: an fi yawa daga masu farauta, ciki har da ƙanana, waɗanda suke da wuya ga balaraben balagaggu - kuma ba su iya tashi sama ko tserewa. Kari akan haka, kodayake kwari kuma suna da kalar kariya, amma ganyen da aka cinye ana basu.
Caterpillars suna da ƙaunata ta tururuwa, waɗanda ke kashe su tare da taimakon ayyukan haɗin kai na manyan ƙungiyoyi sannan su ja su zuwa gidansu. Magungunan parasitic na iya sanya ƙwai kai tsaye a cikin kwari masu rai. Tsuntsayen da suka fito daga garesu sai suka cinye kwari na tsawon lokaci dama suna raye. Wasu lokuta takan mutu saboda wannan, ba ta da lokacin zama pupa, amma ko da ta sami damar rayuwa har zuwa wannan, sai a zaɓi parasites daga pupa, kuma ba malam buɗe baki ba. Kari akan haka, butterflies suma masu saukin kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi, kuma ƙananan kaska na iya magance su.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Lemongrass malam buɗe ido a cikin bazara
Kodayake kwari suna da matukar mahimmanci game da abinci, amma tsire-tsire da suka fi so suna da yawa, don haka babu abin da ke barazanar lemongrass. Tabbas, ayyukan ɗan adam ba zai iya taimakawa amma ya shafe su ba - yankunan da ke cikin ciyawar buckthorn sun ragu sosai a cikin karnin da ya gabata, kuma ana amfani da magungunan ƙwari sosai - amma raguwar adadin malam buɗe ido ba shi da mahimmanci har yanzu.
Har yanzu akwai kayan lemo mai yawa, amma wannan ya shafi duniya baki ɗaya, kuma a wasu yankuna har yanzu akwai raguwar ƙarfi a cikin yawan waɗannan malam buɗe ido. Misali, a kasar Holan, batun amincewa da su a matsayin jinsin da ke cikin hatsari a matakin gida da kuma kariyar da ta dace. Amma jinsi gabaɗaya ba'a sanya shi matsayin mai kariya ba - kewayon da yawa yana ba ka damar damuwa da rayuwarsa. Akwai lemongrass da yawa a cikin Rasha, ana iya samun su a yawancin ƙasar. Kodayake wasu nau'ikan suna da mafi karancin kewayon da karami, kuma ko ba dade ko ba jima za su iya fuskantar hatsarin halaka.
Wannan ya shafi nau'ikan halittu biyu ne - wadanda ke da matukar damuwa ga tsibirin Canary, Gonepteryx cleobule da palmae. Wadannan biyun suna zaune ne kawai a tsibirin Palma. Wani nau'in kuma, Gonepteryx maderensis, wanda ke da alamun tsibirin Madeira, ana kiyaye shi yayin da yawan waɗannan malam buɗe ido ya ragu sosai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Bugu da kari, a kusurwowin duniyarmu nesa da wayewa, nau'ikan lemongrass wanda har yanzu ba'a bayyana su ba saboda rashin karfinsu na iya rayuwa.
Lemongrass cutarwa ne mara cutarwa, ɗayan na farkon wanda ya tashi a cikin bazara kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin furewar furannin bazara. Ba su yadu kamar yaduwar cuta ba, amma su ma gama gari ne, kuma suna rayuwa a cikin yawancin ƙasar Rasha. Rawaya mai haske lemongrass malam buɗe ido - ɗayan kayan ado na lokacin dumi.
Ranar bugawa: 04.06.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 20.09.2019 a 22:36
