NutriaBears din marsh yana da sandar ruwa-ruwa. Wannan dabba mai shayarwa tana da halaye masu ban sha'awa kuma shine mafi ƙimar abin kamun kifi. Manoma suna da himma sosai wajen kiwon waɗannan dabbobi, saboda ana da darajar nama da gashinta a kasuwa. Menene nutria, waɗanne halaye suke da su kuma yaya suke hayayyafa?
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Nutria
Nutria dabba ce ta dabbobi masu shayarwa, tana cikin tsarin beraye kuma tana wakiltar dangin nutria. An kira shi daban: otter, koipu, bewam. Ana amfani da dukkan sunaye da mita iri ɗaya. Kodayake akwai masana da dama da ke da'awar cewa ba za a iya kiran nutria beavers na fadama ba. Sun ayyana cewa waɗannan dabbobin ba su da alaƙa da ainihin beavers, beraye. Suna kama da su kawai daga nesa - ta hanyar halaye iri ɗaya, salon rayuwa. Saboda haka, wannan kwatancen ba daidai bane.
Bidiyo: Nutria
Koipu manyan beraye ne. Tsawon jikinsu zai iya kaiwa santimita sittin, kuma nauyinsu kilogram goma sha biyu ne. Namijin gina jiki ya fi na mata girma a koyaushe. A waje, dabbobin suna kama da babban bera. Jikinsu an lullube da kauri, sheki, dogayen kwalliya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da lokacin farin ciki, fur mai yawa, nutria ba sa fitar da wari mara dadi. Suna da tsafta sosai, ba kamar sauran membobin gidan bera ba.
Kyakkyawan, lokacin farin ciki nutria fur shine mafi mahimmancin abin kamun kifi. A saboda wannan dalili, waɗannan dabbobin sun fara kasancewa cikin nitsuwa a gonakin zoological da ke ko'ina cikin duniya. A yau akwai kusan nau'ikan goma sha bakwai na wannan mai shayarwar. Goma goma suna canzawa, an haɗa bakwai.
Dukansu sun kasu kashi biyu:
- Daidaitacce;
- Masu launi.
Matsayi na yau da kullun ya haɗa da launi mai launi na gargajiya. Nutori mai launi ya bayyana sakamakon kiwo. Launin gashinsu ya banbanta. Akwai Azerbaijani, italiya ta italiya mai fari, uwar lu'u-lu'u, baƙar fata. Fur na launuka masu launi an fi yabawa sosai a kasuwar zamani.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabba nutria
Tun daga nesa, nutria ta yi kama da manyan beraye. Gashinsu yana sheki, kuma akwai wata doguwar jela a bayanta. Ban da wutsiya, matsakaiciyar tsayin jiki ya kai santimita hamsin, matsakaicin nauyi kilogram shida. Koyaya, waɗannan sigogin ba iyaka bane. A dabi'a, fiye da sau ɗaya akwai wasu mutane waɗanda nauyinsu ya kai kilo goma sha biyu, kuma tsawon ya fi santimita sittin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Nutria manyan katako ne kuma suna da kyakkyawan abinci. Dabba na iya yin girma har zuwa watanni tara bayan haihuwa.
Koipu ya bambanta da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin mulki, suna da nauyi, ƙashi mai ƙarfi. Dabba tana da babban kai. Tana da ƙananan idanu da kunnuwa. Suna kama da rarraba. Siffar bakin bakin baki ce, haƙoran, musamman ma abubuwan da ke ciki, launuka ne mai haske orange.
Nutria tana jagorantar salon-ruwa na ruwa, sabili da haka, jikinta da gabobinsa suna da fasali da yawa na jikin mutum:
- Hanyoyin buɗe dabbar suna da tsokoki. Lokacin ruwa, suna rufewa sosai, basa barin ruwa ciki;
- Lebe ya rabu, kuma a bayan ƙwanƙwasa yana iya rufewa sosai. Wannan yana hana wucewar ruwa;
- Akwai membran jiki na musamman a kan yatsun hannayen kafafuwa na baya. Suna taimakawa yayin aiwatarwa a ƙarƙashin ginshiƙin ruwa;
- Wutsiyar tana zagaye, ba a rufe ta da gashi mai kauri, maimakon ƙarfi. Yana taimaka wa dabba don sarrafa jagorancin motsi yayin iyo;
- Jawo bashi da ruwa. Ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: ulu, tufafi. Gashi mai tsawo ne, mai kauri, undercoat ɗin yana da yawa sosai. Fur yana korar ruwa, baya samun ruwa koda bayan doguwar tsayawa a kogi ko tabki.
A ina nutria ke rayuwa?
Photo: Live nutria
Da farko dai, wannan sandar sandar ta rayu ne a Kudancin Amurka. Nan ne mahaifarsa. Ya sadu a cikin yankin daga Brazil zuwa mashigar Magellan. A yau wannan dabba ta yadu akan wasu nahiyoyi da yawa. Ya kware sosai a Turai, Arewacin Amurka, Transcaucasia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan. A cikin wadannan yankuna, nutria ta bayyana ne sakamakon shirin sake tsugunar da su.
An gudanar da shirye-shiryen sake maido da Nutria a farkon karni na ashirin. A mafi yawan lokuta, nutria ta dace sosai, ta fara haɓaka sosai kuma ta zauna a cikin sababbin ƙasashe. Koyaya, an sami koma baya yayin aiwatar da sake matsuguni. Berara ba su sami tushe a Afirka ba, a wani yanki na yankin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet. A wasu yankuna, nutria ta fara samun tushe, amma ta mutu da farkon lokacin sanyi.
Misali, tsananin sanyi ya lalata yawan mutanen a Scandinavia, a wasu jihohin arewacin Amurka.
Don rayuwar nutria, sun zaɓi wurare kusa da ruwa, tabkuna, fadama. Ruwan da ke cikin matattarar ya kamata ya zama tsayayye, ko kuma yana ɗan gudana, ya kamata a mamaye gefen tafkuna da gulbi. A cikin gandun daji da yawa, tsaunuka, dabbar ba ta zauna ba. Ba ya faruwa sama da mita dubu sama da matakin teku. Hakanan, Koipu ya guji yankunan da ke cikin hunturu, yanayin ƙarancin zafi.
Menene nutria ke ci?
Photo: Namijin nutria
Don rayuwa, koipu ya fi son zaɓar bakin kogin fadama, koguna masu ƙanƙanci, tafkuna tare da tsayayyen ruwa. Suna yin ramuka a bakin teku, inda akwai ciyayi da yawa. Dangane da mazauninsu, ba wuya a yi tunanin abin da nutria ke ci. Yawancin abincin ta shine abincin tsire-tsire. Wadannan dabbobin ba su da kyau a abinci.
Suna son yin biki akan:
- Ganye, sandunan cattail;
- Shoarancin saura
- Tushen tsire-tsire masu ruwa da na ƙasa daban-daban;
- Lily na ruwa da reeds;
- Gyada ruwa.
Idan dori ya fara fuskantar yunwa a wurin zama, zai iya cin mollusks da yawa, leo ko tsutsar kwari. Koyaya, wannan yana faruwa da wuya. Tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, nutria kawai ya fi son samun sabon wuri don rayuwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dukkanin tsarin nutria, sifofin jikin ta an daidaita su sosai don rayuwa cikin ruwa. Tsarin musamman na gabobi yana bawa dabba damar cin abinci koda a ƙasan matattarar ruwa, ba tare da numfashi ba.
Abincin lokacin kiyaye nutria a gida ya ɗan bambanta. Don ingantaccen ci gaba, kyawawan Jawo, masu kiwo suna ciyar da dabbobi tare da daidaitaccen abinci tare da ƙari na hatsi, ciyawa, kayan lambu. Wani lokaci masu gonaki suna ƙara ragowar abinci daga teburin su ga abincin yau da kullun.
Abincin yana gauraya kuma ana dafa shi. Irin wannan abincin ana ɗaukarsa mafi inganci. Lokacin adana dabbobi da yawa, ana iya amfani da busasshen abinci. Amma a lokaci guda, dole ne a kiyaye doka mai mahimmanci - dole ne kwaya ta kasance koyaushe ta sami ruwa mai tsafta. Wannan yana da mahimmanci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Nutria mace
Duk rayuwar nutria tana faruwa kusa da ruwa, koguna, fadama. Dabbar tana gujewa duwatsu, yanayin sanyi. Don gina burbushinta, tana zaɓar wurare tare da matsakaiciyar tsire-tsire, saboda abincin tsirrai yana da kashi casa'in cikin ɗari na abincin yau da kullun. Ana iya kiran salon nutria a cikin ruwa. Dabbar tana daukar lokaci mai yawa a cikin ruwa. Zai iya cin abinci a wurin, iyo.
Koipu sun fi aiki a cikin mazauninsu na dare. Da dare, suna neman abinci sosai. Suna cin mai, rhizomes, ganye, reeds. Idan akwai ɗan ɗan ciyayi, za su iya kamawa kuma su ci leda, molos. Yanayin rayuwar waɗannan dabbobin shine na makiyaya. Nutria ba ta taɓa zama wuri ɗaya ba. Suna motsawa koyaushe tare da ƙarancin tsire-tsire.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Koipu manyan masu iyo ne. Ba tare da iska ba, wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa na iya yin tafiyar sama da sama da mita dari a karkashin ruwa. Suna rike numfashinsu na mintina bakwai zuwa goma ba tare da sun cutar da jikinsu ba.
Nutria na gina burrows a kan bankunan hawa da gangara. Vaults yawanci tsarin hadadden tsari ne mai rikitarwa. Dabbobi da yawa suna rayuwa a cikin rami lokaci ɗaya - daga biyu zuwa goma. Wadannan rukunoni sun kunshi mata da yawa, namiji da zuriyarsu. Samari maza sun fi so su zauna daban, kadai.
Kamar kowane dabba da ke da Jawo, nutria tana da ƙwarya. Koyaya, a Koipu ba'a iyakance shi cikin lokaci ba. Molting yana faruwa zuwa mataki ɗaya ko wani a cikin shekara. Mafi ƙarancin ulu ya faɗi a lokacin bazara da kaka. Rushewa gaba daya yana tsayawa ne kawai a cikin hunturu. A cikin hunturu, waɗannan dabbobin suna da mafi kyawun fur.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Nutria Cub
Koipu ya haɗu da kyau duka a cikin yanayin yanayi da cikin ƙaura. Yawan haihuwa ne yake sanyawa a sami damar kiyaye yawan dabbobin a matakin da ya dace. A cikin shekara guda, mace baliga zata iya haihuwar 'ya'ya sau da yawa. A cikin juna biyu, mace tana daukar 'ya'ya bakwai.
Maza na wannan dangi a shirye suke don tsarin kiwo duk shekara. Suna aiki koyaushe, ba kamar matan su ba. A cikin mata, ayyuka na faruwa ne kawai lokaci-lokaci - kowane kwana ashirin da biyar zuwa talatin. Mafi sau da yawa, nutria tana kawo zuriya a lokacin dumi - a bazara, bazara. Ciki na dabba yana ɗaukar ɗan gajeren lokaci kaɗan - kimanin kwana ɗari da talatin. Yawan mata na raguwa da shekara uku.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Baby Koipu yana da ƙimar rayuwa mai girma. Nutananan nutria suna iya kusan daidaitawa kai tsaye zuwa yanayin duniyar da ke kewaye da su. Dabbobin suna bin al'adun iyayensu a zahiri 'yan kwanaki bayan haihuwa. Sun fara yin iyo, suma, suna gwada wasu abincin shuka.
Yaran Koipu suna girma cikin sauri. Girma ya kai kololuwa a farkon watanni shida na rayuwa. A wannan lokacin, sun bar gida gida, sun fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. A cikin yanayin muhalli, wannan dabba tana rayuwa na kimanin shekaru biyar.
Halittan makiya na nutria
Photo: Nutria dabba
Koipu ba manufa ce mai sauƙi ba. Dabbobi na iya ɓoyewa daga magabtansu a ƙarƙashin ruwa, a cikin hadaddun burrow tsarin. Suna gina matsuguni tare da fita da yawa, ofisoshi. A cikin irin wannan ramin yana da sauƙin ɓoyewa daga haɗari. Kwayar nutria na iya zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa na kimanin minti goma, da sauri rufe nesa tare da taimakon ƙafafun bayan kafa masu ƙarfi tare da membranes tsakanin yatsun ƙafa. Wannan ya isa ya buya daga makiya.
Idan ta ninkaya ko kusa da burrow nutria tana da damar da za ta kauce wa harin abokan gaba, to a kan ƙasa, nesa da mahalli, wannan dabbar tana da rauni sosai. Ganinsa, fara'a ta gaza shi. Tare da taimakon ji, dabba mai shayarwa na iya jin ƙaramar kara, amma wannan ba zai ƙara adana shi ba. Nutria ta yi sauri, yi ta a tsalle. Koyaya, haƙurin dabba yana da ƙasa ƙwarai. Bayan wani lokaci, mai farauta zai iya riskar shi.
Babban maƙiyan wannan dabba su ne mafarauta. Sau da yawa farautar su, kerkeci daji, kuliyoyi, karnuka, dawakai. Hakanan tsuntsaye na ganima, kamar masu lallen fadama, suma suna cin abincin nutria. Babban lahani ga lafiyar mai shayarwa ta haifar da ledoji, ire-iren cututtukan da ke rayuwa a ciki. Hakanan ana iya ɗaukar mutum a matsayin maƙiyin ɗan adam. Koipu ya mutu da yawa daga mafarauta, a hannun talakawa. A wasu kasashen, ana daukar wadannan dabbobi a matsayin kwari, don haka da gangan aka lalata su.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Nutria
Nutria ta kasance muhimmiyar kifi na dogon lokaci. Fatarta tana da aiki sosai, kuma naman tana da ɗanɗano. Yau naman wannan dabbar ana ɗaukar shi cikakken abin ci. Dangane da wannan, yawancin nutria sun mutu a hannun mafarauta. Wannan zai haifar da bacewar wakilan wannan dangin gaba daya, amma cikin kankanin lokaci sai suka fara kiwon nutria a gonakin dabbobi, da rarraba su a wasu kasashen.
Yawan farauta ya ragu sosai tun bayan bayyanar gonakin dabbobi inda ake kiwon nutria don kamun kifi. Koyaya, farautar waɗannan dabbobin ana buƙata har zuwa yau. Wasu dabbobin sun tsere daga gonakin dabbobi, wasu manoman da kansu sun sake su saboda faɗuwar fatar. Duk wannan ya ba da damar dawo da yawan waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa da sauri.
Hakanan, tsare-tsaren sake matsuguni sun ceci nutria daga halaka. Koipu yayi saurin dacewa da sabbin yankuna. Babu shakka, yawan haihuwa yana taimaka musu kiyaye yawan jama'a. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sukan hayayyafa akai-akai, da sauri. Yaransu suna dacewa da sauƙin kusan kowane mahalli. Iyakar abin da aka keɓance sune manyan sanyi. Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna ba da damar kiyaye daidaitaccen yawan nutria a duk mazauninsu. A halin yanzu, yawan wadannan dabbobi ba ya haifar da damuwa tsakanin masana kimiyya.
Nutria Shin mai ban sha'awa ne, mai haɓaka. Wannan dabbar tana da ikon samar da zuriya sau da yawa a shekara. Yana cin abincin tsirrai, iyo da kuma nutsuwa sosai. Koipu ma shine mafi ƙimar abin kamun kifi. Dabbobin suna da kauri, fur mai dumi, lafiyayye da nama mai ci. Saboda wadannan dalilan, kusan ana amfani dasu a gonakin zoological a duk duniya.
Ranar bugawa: 09.04.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 15:58
