A cikin 'yan shekarun nan baƙin ciki ya zama wani na kowa kowa Pet. Intanit cike yake da bidiyoyi masu ban dariya, waɗanda manyan ayyukan su ana yin su ne ta hanyar raha, mai raɗaɗi, mai raɗaɗi, mai ban tsoro, mai matukar son zuciya, amma kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa. Tabbas, dabbobin daji suna da wata dabi'a ta daban da ta wadanda suke rayuwa tare da mutane, amma tsananin kuzari da sassaucin da ke tattare da yanayin kyanwa da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi ba shakka ba a rasa ba.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Ferret
Ferret wata dabba ce mai cin nama daga dangin weasel. Dangin ta na kurkusa sune ermine, mink da weasel, a waje suna kamanceceniya. Mutum ya mallaki waɗannan jaruntaka masu ƙarfi na ɗan lokaci. Fiye da ƙarni ɗaya, kayan kwalliya suna da ma'amala sosai a cikin gidajen ɗan adam, suna zama dabbobin gida da yawa adabo.
Don tabbatar da wannan, mutum na iya buga misali da sanannen zanen da Leonardo da Vinci, wanda ake kira "The Lady with the Ermine", a zahiri, yana nuna albino ferret a hannun mace. An yi wannan fure a zamanin da, fiye da shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata a kudancin Turai, ana kiranta furo. A baya, ana ajiye irin waɗannan dabbobin gida kamar kuliyoyi, kuma suna farautar zomaye tare da su.
Bidiyo: Ferret
Akwai nau'ikan ferrets da yawa, waɗanda suka ɗan bambanta da juna a cikin sifofin halayyar su, wanda a ciki za mu yi ƙoƙari mu fahimta daki-daki. Akwai nau'ikan 4 na waɗannan dabbobi. Uku daga cikinsu (masu tarko, masu ƙafafun kafa da baƙi) suna zaune a cikin daji, ɗayan kuma (ferret) na gida ne gaba ɗaya.
Bari mu fayyace siffofin daban-daban na kowane iri-iri:
- Bakin ƙafa mai ƙafa (Ba'amurke) ƙarami ne ƙwarai fiye da takun tsaka, nauyinsa bai wuce kilogram ɗaya ba. Gabaɗaya sautin gashinta launin ruwan kasa mai haske ne tare da rawaya, kuma baya, tip na wutsiya da ƙafafuwa sunfi duhu, launi ya kusan kusan baƙi. Kunnuwa suna da girma da zagaye, kuma gabobin suna da karfi da tsugune;
- Stepe ferret (farare) ana ɗaukarsa mafi girma a tsakanin fellowan uwanta. Maza sun kai kimanin kilo biyu, mata sun ninka biyu. Jikin maɓallin ferpe ya kai tsawon rabin mita, wani lokacin kaɗan. Rigarsa doguwa ce, amma ba ta bambanta da yawa na musamman ba, don haka ana iya ganin sutura mai ɗumi da dumi ta wurin ta. Gashin gashin dabbar yana da launi mai launi, kawai ƙafafu da ƙarshen jelar na iya yin duhu;
- Ferret (baƙi) cikin girma da girma yana wani wuri tsakanin jinsuna biyu na farko. Nauyinsa ya kai kilo 1.5. Yawancin lokaci wannan mai farautar baƙar fata-launin ruwan kasa, kodayake akwai samfuran launin ja da gaba ɗaya (albinos);
- Ferret wani nau'in kayan ado ne wanda mutane suka halitta. A cikin girma, wannan ferret ɗin ya ɗan fari kaɗan, kuma tsarin launi na gashin gashi yana da nau'ikan iri-iri. Jawo yana da daɗi sosai, mai santsi da kauri.
Tare da duk waɗannan siffofin na waje daban, nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu suna da halaye da yawa na yau da kullun waɗanda ke bayyana waɗannan wakilan ban sha'awa da saurin tashin hankali na dangin mustelidae.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Kayan dabbobi
Yarda da duk wasu halaye na mutum guda waɗanda kowane nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in abu yake da shi, zamu iya cewa waɗannan matsakaita ne masu farauta. Jikinsu, kamar yadda yake na al'ada da gashin baki, yana da tsawo, yana da tsayi, suna da sassauƙa sosai kuma suna da kyau. Gabobin, akasin haka, idan aka kwatanta su da doguwar jiki, suna da gajere kuma suna tsugune, amma suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, an sanye su da kayoyi masu kaifi, waɗanda ke taimaka wa hawa kowace bishiya da yin kyawawan hanyoyin karkashin kasa.
Launi na gashin dabbobi na iya zama ko fari gaba ɗaya ko baƙi. Yawancin lokaci a jikin sautin haske, baya mai duhu, ƙafafu, da ƙarshen jelar sun tsaya waje ɗaya. A kan bakin bakin akwai wani abu kamar abin rufe fuska mai duhu, kamar na Zorro, wanda ke matukar kawata kwalliyar. Dabbobin zabiya ne kawai ba su da abin rufe fuska. Jawo daga dabbobin yana da daɗin taɓawa, mai laushi, kusa da asalin gashin yana da haske sosai, kuma a ƙarshen sautin ya maye gurbinsu da inuwa mai duhu. A cikin kaka, lokacin da narkakkiyar ta ƙare, gashin gashin ferrets yana samun sheki, mai ɗaukaka da annuri a rana.
Maza a cikin dukkan nau'ikan ferret sun fi mata girma. Amma girman ya dogara da nau'in dabba, kodayake matsakaiciyar tsatsar jikin leda ta kai rabin mita a cikin maza. Wuyan ferrets din ya daɗe, bakin bakin ɗan ɗan daɗi ne, an ƙawata shi ba kawai tare da abin rufe fuska ba, amma tare da kunnuwa masu kunshe da ƙananan idanu masu haske.
Kyakkyawan, doguwa, wutsiyar bushy alama ce ta halayyar duk masu baƙinciki. Akwai glandan tayi a kusa da shi, suna ɓoye wani sirri mai kamshi don jimre wa marasa lafiya.
Ina ferret din take?
Hotuna: Gurasar daji
Ferrets suna rayuwa a cikin:
- Eurasia;
- Amirka ta Arewa;
- Nahiyar Afirka ta Arewa maso yamma.
Ana samun Ferrets a cikin yankuna daban-daban, masu kama da juna:
- Takaddun kafa;
- Semi-hamada;
- Dazuzzuka daji;
- Ravuna;
- Kusa da ruwa;
- Jerin tsaunuka;
- Kauyukan mutane.
Irin waɗannan wurare daban-daban na tura ferrets na dindindin ya dogara da jinsunan su. Takobin (fararen) ferret sun fi son buɗe sarari, suna son abubuwan hawa da yankunan hamada da ke China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, da Russia. Baƙin (gandun dajin) yana son ƙasan daji, yana zaune kusa da rafin da ruwa.
Wani lokaci yakan makwabta da mutum, ya koma zama a ƙauyukan da mutane ke zaune. Baya yin hanyarsa zuwa cikin zurfin gandun daji, amma yana son zama a gefuna, inda babu ci gaba mai yawa. Tana zaune a cikin Turai da kuma nahiyar Afirka. Bakin ƙafa (Ba'amurke) ferret yana amfani da filaye da dazuzzuka na Arewacin Amurka a matsayin mazaunin dindindin. Hakanan za'a iya samun sa a yankunan tsaunuka, inda yake hawa zuwa tsayin mitoci dubu da yawa.
Akwai nau'ikan ferrets iri biyu a ƙasarmu: steppe (fari) da daji (baki). Ya kamata a san cewa dabbobi suna rayuwa ta rashin kwanciyar hankali, suna fifita kada su bar yankuna da suka fi so. Ferrets suna son zama a cikin maɓuɓɓugan burgers da fox, ba sa tona mahalli sau da yawa. Gidansu na iya zama ba kawai gidan ɓoye ba, amma har ma da ciyawa, rubabben itace. Duk ya dogara da yankin da dabbar ta zauna.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ferret baya rayuwa a cikin daji, saboda wannan nau'in nau'in ba shi da hazakar farauta da iyawa, yanayin dabba yana da nutsuwa da soyayya, don haka ba zai iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin ba.
Me ferret take ci?
Hoto: Kayan dabbobi
Kamar yadda ya dace da mai farauta na gaskiya, menu na ferret ya ƙunshi abincin dabbobi. Ferret din yana cin kowane irin beraye, kwari iri-iri, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye. Farautar kadangaru har ma da macizai masu dafi ba babban lamari bane ga dabba. Game da tsuntsaye, ferret yana son yin biki a kan manya da kajinsu, yana son ƙwai tsuntsaye, don haka ba zai taɓa rasa damar da za ta lalata gida tare da abin ci ba.
Manyan dabbobi masu girman gaske sun sami nasarar afkawa zomaye, zomaye, muskrats. Ferret ɗin yana da saurin aiki da sassauƙa, yana iya saurin bi abin da yake farauta, amma galibi dabbobin suna kallon abincin rana a burrow ɗin wanda aka azabtar. A lokacin bazara, kuli-kuli yakan shiga cikin ramin kurege, yana farautar 'ya'yan da ba shi da kariya.
A cikin wahala, lokutan yunwa, dabbobi ba sa kyamar mushe, su ci kayan abinci, kuma su yi sata a gidajen kaji da zomo. Abu ne mai matukar ban sha'awa cewa ferrets a lokacin sanyi suna yin ɗakunan ajiya tare da kayan abinci don su sami abin da zasu ciyar da kansu a lokacin wahala.
Farautar dabbobi tana farawa ne da yamma, amma yunwa ba goggo ba ce, saboda haka, a cikin lokaci mai haske, wani lokacin sai ku bar mafaka don neman abinci.
Yanayin narkar da ferret kwata-kwata bai dace da abincin asalin tsirrai ba, cecum ba ya nan a cikin dabbobi, wanda ke rikitar da narkewar zaren tsire-tsire. Ferrets suna samun dukkan abubuwan gina jiki da suke buƙata daga cikin ƙananan ƙananan dabbobinsu.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Farin farin
Ferrets suna da aiki ƙwarai, suna da rai kuma suna da bincike game da yanayi. Dukansu a cikin daji da gida, sun fi son farauta da nuna kuzarinsu a magariba. Ferrets su ne mafi kyawun kwarin kwari da ƙwararrun masu iyo. Idan suka farka, sai kuzarinsu ya kan tashi, yana hana su zama a wuri guda.
An lura da cewa a tsakanin kishin gida, mata sun fi wasa da wayewa, kuma maza sun fi nutsuwa, amma sun fi kawance da masu su. Wasannin ban dariya na ferrets da ke zaune a cikin gidajen suna nishaɗi da tsokana. Halin waɗannan dabbobin gida suna da halaye masu kyau da kuma kyau a lokaci guda. Zasu iya harzuka sauran dabbobin gida (karnuka, kuliyoyi) tare da lalata da wasanni.
Dabbobin suna da halaye da halaye waɗanda masu su ke lura da su:
- Wutsiɗa ta wutsiya alama ce ta farin ciki da gamsuwa;
- Wutsiya ta bazu kamar buroshi da amon sautinsa na nuna cewa dabbar tana cikin fushi kuma tana iya ciji;
- Kuka mai karfi na nuna tsoro;
- Ta hanyar lasar fuska da hannayen maigidan, ferret din yana nuna tsananin ƙaunarta gare shi;
- Yayin wasannin waje, zaka iya jin sautuna da sautukan raɗaɗi, wannan yana nuna cewa ferret tana cikin farin ciki;
- Lokacin da ferret ɗin ta kasance cikin farin ciki, tana iya yin rawar kamar ta rawa ta tsalle sama da ƙasa da ɗaga baya.
A cikin daji, yanayin yanayi, ba shakka, ba za su iya rayuwa cikin walwala kamar a gida ba. Sun fi son zama na dindindin a cikin yanki guda. Burrows da aka haƙa da ƙafafunsu ko dabbobin da ba su da komai a hankali suna layi da ciyawa da ganyaye. Wasu lokuta (a cikin hunturu) kuma suna iya zama a cikin rumbunan ɗan adam, senniki, ginshiƙin ƙasa.
A yankuna karkara, an san ferrets a matsayin realan fashi na gaske, saboda galibi suna satar kaji da zomaye kai tsaye daga gonakin gona. Wannan yakan faru ne yayin yunwa, lokutan zalunci, kodayake ba koyaushe bane. Waɗannan dabbobin ban dariya suna da irin wannan yanayi mai daɗi da nutsuwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: feraramin ferret
Ferrets sun zama masu balaga da kusanci da shekara ɗaya. Lokacin saduwa a cikin waɗannan dabbobin yana da tsayi sosai, yakan ɗauki watanni shida. A cikin masu farauta, ana farawa ne a watan Maris, kuma a cikin dabbobin daji, kusa da lokacin rani. Babu wasanni na mushe na musamman tsakanin masarufi, ba zaku ga neman soyayya ga mace ba. Akasin haka, yayin saduwa akwai wani abu kamar yaƙi tare da nuna ƙarfi. Mutumin mai ladabi ya riƙe amarya ta hanyar ɗorawa a wuya, sai ta yi ƙoƙari ta saki kuma ta yi kuwwa. Don haka, mace wani lokacin takan rasa kumburin gashi.
Bayan hadi, namiji ya bar uwa ta gaba har abada, baya shan komai a rayuwar zuriyarsa. Ciki ya mace na kimanin watanni 1.5. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa akwai yara da yawa a cikin layin - wani lokacin har zuwa 20. An haife su makaho kuma ba su da komai, nauyinsu kawai kusan gram 10. Mama tana kula dasu da madara har zuwa watanni 2 ko 3, kodayake daga shekara ɗaya zuwa wata tuni ta fara saba musu da nama. A wannan lokacin ne ƙaramin ferrets ke samun gani.
Bayan shayarwa, mahaifiya zata fara daukar jariran tare da ita a farautar, tare da cusa musu dukkan dabarun da suka dace a rayuwa. Lokacin da yaran suka kai watanni shida, suna fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta da ban sha'awa, wanda tsawon lokacinsa a cikin duniyar daji yakai kimanin shekaru huɗu, kuma a cikin zaman talala ya kai bakwai, wani lokacin ma fiye da haka.
Halittan makiya na ferrets
Hotuna: Steppe ferret
Tunda ferret wata karamar dabba ce, tana da makiya da yawa a cikin daji. Daga cikin masu yi masa fata-fata akwai dawakai, kerkeci, kuliyoyin daji, manyan tsuntsaye masu cin nama da manyan macizai masu dafi. Wasu abokan gaba na iya haifar da mummunar lahani ga dabba, yayin da wasu ma na iya ɗaukar rai. Game da kyarkeci da dila, sun fi yawan kai hari a lokacin sanyi, lokacin da abinci ya ragu sosai, kuma a lokacin rani sun fi son sauran abincin.
Mujiya da gaggafa na zinariya suna son cin abinci a kan tudu. Manyan macizai suna afkawa ƙananan mafarauta, amma koyaushe ba zasu iya jure su ba. Sau da yawa ana adana Ferrets daga abokan gaba ta hanyar saurin su, kuzari da dabara. Hakanan, kar a manta game da makamin kamshinsu wanda yake gindin wutsiya. Yana yawan ceton rayukansu ta hanyar tsoratar da abokan hamayya da ƙanshinta na musamman.
Komai tsananin dacin kafa ta, mutane suna daya daga cikin maƙiyan maƙiyi masu ƙyama. Suna cutar da dabbobi, da manufa da kuma kai tsaye, suna zaune mazaunin waɗannan dabbobi na dindindin, suna barin ƙananan yankunan da ba a taɓa su ba don rayuwar rayuwar dabbobi da yawa.
Duk wannan yana haifar da mutuwar ferrets ko tilasta ƙaura zuwa wasu wurare masu nisa. Wani lokacin ayyukan ɗan adam na lalata halittu masu rai waɗanda kullun ke ciyarwa koyaushe, wanda kuma yana da mummunan tasiri a rayuwar waɗannan masu cin zarafin weasel.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Mace mai nutsuwa
Girman yawan baƙin ƙarfe ya bambanta ƙwarai dangane da nau'in. Bakar-kafar (Baƙin Amurka) an lasafta shi azaman dabba mai haɗari. A karnin da ya gabata, yawan mutanenta ya ragu sosai saboda yawan karen da wasu mutane suka yi, wanda ya zama tushen abinci ga mai farautar.
Don adana wuraren kiwo, mutane sun kashe karnukan daji masu yawa, wanda ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa zuwa 1987 ragowar ƙafafun ƙafa 18 ne kaɗai suka rage. An sanya waɗanda ke raye a cikin gidan zoo don yin kiwo lafiya. An san cewa a shekarar 2013 adadinsu ya karu zuwa 1200, amma har yanzu wannan nau'in yana karkashin barazanar halaka da kuma kiyayewa daga hukumomin yankin.
Ba a yi barazanar yawan baƙin fure (farar fata) ba. Duk da annoba, kowane irin bala'i, ya kasance ya tabbata. Kodayake a nan, wasu ƙananan raƙuman ruwa ana ɗauke da hadari, saboda haka an saka su cikin Littafin Ja. Misali, yawan adadin sandunan Amur ba su da yawa, suna ƙoƙari su hayayyafa a cikin yanayin wucin gadi, wannan yanayin ya faru a ƙarshen karnin da ya gabata.
Kariyar Ferret
Hotuna: Ferret daga littafin Red
Saboda kyawawan gashinsu, yawan bakaken duwatsu (gandun daji) na gab da karewa, amma yanzu abubuwa sun fi kyau, dabbobin suna da yaduwa sosai a duk inda suke. Farautar wannan dabba yanzu tana cikin tsananin haramcin haramci, kuma mai farautar kansa yana cikin jerin Littafin Ja.
Duk da wadannan matakan, yawan dabbobin wannan nau'in yana raguwa a hankali amma a hankali yana raguwa, abin yana da matukar ban tsoro. Muna iya fata kawai a nan gaba lamarin zai canza zuwa mafi kyau, kuma wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan kwalliyar za su yi yawa fiye da yadda suke yanzu.
A ƙarshe zan so in ƙara cewa ba a banza ba baƙin ciki Na kamu da son mutum sosai har na zama dabbar gida, saboda kallon shi da mu'amala da dabba abin jin dadi ne. Duk masu farautar cikin gida da na daji suna da matukar kyau, masu ban dariya, masu saurin motsa rai, masu wasa da kuma abin birgewa, don haka ya kamata mutum ya kula da dabbobin da yake kauna kawai, amma kuma kada su bari danginsu na daji su bace gaba daya daga duniyarmu.
Ranar bugawa: 31.03.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 12:06
