Akwai halittu masu ban mamaki da yawa a duniyar tamu, cin-tururuwawatakila ɗayansu. Bayan duk wannan, fitowar sa ta ban mamaki abin tunawa ne sosai. Ya kasance kamar baƙon da ya sauko daga sararin samaniya ko wani baƙon abu mai ban mamaki daga shafukan zane mai ban dariya. Ko Salvador Dali da kansa ma mahaukatan gidan sun yi wahayi sosai har ya yanke shawarar kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ke da irin wannan dabbar gidan, wanda ke ba da mamaki da mamakin kowa da ke kusa da shi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Anteater
Daga kowane kundin sani game da dabbobi, zaku iya gano cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa daga tsarin haƙoran da basu cika ba suna cikin dangin anteater. Sakamakon binciken da aka yi a Kudancin Amurka, masana kimiyya sun sami damar gano ragowar wadannan dabbobi, wadanda suka danganta da zamanin Miocene. Koyaya, masanan dabbobi sun ba da shawarar cewa dabbobin daji sun girme su kuma sun bayyana da wuri.
Masana kimiyya sun banbanta jinsi uku da wannan dangin mai ban mamaki:
- Manyan dabbobi masu girma;
- Teunƙun daji huɗu ko tamandua;
- Dwarf anteaters.
Jinsunan anteaters na halittu daban daban sun sha bamban sosai ba kawai a zahiri ba, a mazauninsu, amma ta hanyar rayuwarsu. Bari muyi la'akari dalla-dalla kowane nau'in.
Bidiyo: Anteater
Katuwar dabbar da ta dace ta cancanci wannan suna, saboda ita ce mafi girma a cikin dangin ta. Tsawon jikinsa ya kai mita daya da rabi, kuma idan ka ƙara jela, za ka samu kusan duka ukun. Ya kamata a lura cewa jelarsa tana da taushi sosai kuma tana da arziki.
Nauyin tsohuwar dabba ya kai kimanin kilogiram 40. Yana zaune ne shi kadai a duniya. Yana tafiya, yana lanƙwasa ƙafafunsa ta hanya mai ban sha'awa, don kar ya dogara da manyan ƙafafu, amma matakai a bayan ƙafafun gaba. Mulos yana da tsawo sosai. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda an saka dogon harshe mai mannewa kusan 60 cm a ciki.
Tamandua ko anteater mai yatsu huɗu ya fi na baya girma, yana da matsakaiciyar gini. Tsawon jikinsa daga 55 zuwa 90 cm, kuma nauyinsa daga 4 zuwa 8 kilogiram. Ya sami sunan ne saboda yana da yatsun kafa huɗu a ƙafafunsa na gaba. Abin sha'awa, farcen a ƙafafun na gaba dogaye ne, kuma a bayan ƙafafun kafa biyar gajeru ne.
Wutsiyar doguwa ce, mai kamowa, tare da tip mara gashi, mai iya jingina da rassa cikin dabara. Wannan tsohuwar dabbar tana jin daɗi a ƙasa da kuma kan kambin bishiyoyi.
Dwarf anteater ma yana rayuwa har zuwa sunansa, saboda wannan ɗan yaron da wuya ya wuce 20 cm a tsayi kuma nauyinsa kawai kusan gram ɗari huɗu. Wannan jaririn yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin bishiyoyi, yana motsi a cikin wani kambi mai ɗanɗano tare da taimakon doguwar wutsiyarsa mai jiran gado da ƙafafun kafafu na gaba.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabbar dabba
Mun riga mun gano cewa wakilan tsohuwar dabbobi daga halittu daban daban sun sha bamban, amma wasu siffofin gama gari na bayyanar su, tabbas, suna nan. Ofayansu shine kasancewar dogon harshe, an rufe shi da miyau mai ɗaci, don haka ya dace da cin kwari. Wani fasalin da aka saba da shi ga kowa shi ne abin ɗumbin tsawo, kwatankwacin bututu, ana gabatar da bakin a matsayin siraran tsaga.
Earsananan kunnuwa masu kunnuwa da ƙananan idanu iri ɗaya ne na kowa. Bugu da kari, masu cin naman dabbobi suna da wata tafiya ta musamman, saboda suna sanya ƙafafunsu tare da bayan ƙafafunsu don kada ƙafafun su zauna a ƙasa.
Duk wakilan dabbobi masu cin nama suna da wutsiya. A cikin waɗanda ke jagorancin salon rayuwa, yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, ba shi da doguwar fur, kuma a cikin katuwar tsohuwar dabba, tana da girma kuma tana da laushi.
A cikin wakilan jinsi daban-daban, mace koyaushe tana da ƙanƙan da ta namiji. Paafafun gaban duk dabbobi suna sanye da dogayen doguwa, masu ƙarfi, tare da taimakon abin da suke kare kansu da hawa rassan. Legsafafun baya ba su da kaifi kamar na gaba, ƙafafu a kansu sun fi ƙanƙanta. Kowane dabba mai cin nama, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in da jinsin da yake ba, yana da gashin gashi. A wasu, fur din da ke kanta siliki ne, gajere ne kuma mai laushi, yayin da a wasu kuma yana da tsauri, mara kyau kuma mai tsayi sosai.
Launin 'yan dabbobin ma daban ne. Wasu suna da kwalliyar launin ruwan gwal, wasu kuma launin toka mai duhu tare da baƙaƙen abubuwa. Cikin ciki yawanci haske ne mai launin toka mai fari ko launuka masu launin rawaya. Launin masu cin nama mai yatsu huɗu yana ɗan tuna da launin katuwar fanda. Yana da haske jiki, kamar wanda yake sanye da bakar vest. Wani abu na yau da kullun ga duk masu cin ciyawar shine babban ƙarfin dogayen ƙasusuwan kwanyar. Bugu da kari, wadannan halittu masu ban mamaki ba su da hakora kwata-kwata, kuma ƙananan muƙamuƙƙarfan su na da tsayi, siriri kuma yana da rauni.
A ina ne dabbar dabbar gida?
Hoto: Anteater daga Kudancin Amurka
An yadu da nau'ikan nau'o'in dabbobi da yawa a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, suna rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu zuwa:
- Meziko;
- Bolivia;
- Brazil;
- Paraguay;
- Ajantina;
- Peru;
- Panama;
- Uruguay.
Da farko dai, masu cin naman dabbobi suna da'awar zuwa gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, kodayake wasu ma suna rayuwa a cikin sararin samaniya. Suna son kasancewa tare da bankunan bankunan ruwa daban-daban. Idan aka yi la'akari da wuraren da aka tura su na dindindin, a bayyane yake cewa su dabbobi ne masu zafi wadanda suka fi son yanayi mai zafi.
Idan muka yi la'akari da gidajen waɗannan dabbobin, to sun banbanta dangane da hanyar rayuwa (ƙasa ko arboreal) wanda dabbar daji ke jagoranta. A cikin manyan dabbobi, waɗannan yawanci ƙananan ƙananan baƙin ciki ne waɗanda aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa inda suke barci, wani lokacin sukan zauna a cikin babban rami da sauran dabbobi suka bari. Wakilai masu cin nama huɗu suna son abin da ke cikin ramuka a cikin bishiyoyi, suna yin nishaɗi da jin daɗi a ciki.
Dwarf anteaters kuma suna zaune a cikin ramuka, a cikin ƙananan kawai, amma galibi ana iya ganinsu suna hutawa, rataye a kan reshe, inda suke manne da shi sosai tare da ƙusoshin ƙafafunsu a goshinsu. Legsafafun kafafu masu kaifi masu kaifi riƙe su amintattu, don haka basa tsoron fadowa har ma suyi bacci a cikin irin wannan yanayin da aka dakatar.
Menene dabbar dabba?
Photo: Anteater dabba
Ba shi da wuya ko yaya abin da abin da abincin dabbobin daji suka ƙunsa, hukunci da sunan wannan dabba mai ban mamaki. A dabi'a, wannan adadi ne mai yawa da tururuwa. Dabbobi ba sa kyamar sauran kwari iri-iri, babban abin da kawai ke nuna shi ne cewa su kanana ne, saboda dabbar dawa ba ta da hakora. Dangane da wannan, dabbobi suna haɗiye abincinsu gaba ɗaya, sannan kuma ana narkar da shi a cikin ciki. Gabaɗaya, ƙaramin dabbar da kanta, ƙananan ƙwarin da yake cinyewa don abinci.
Abin mamaki, masu cin naman dabbobi suna da nishadi sosai game da abincinsu, tabbas sun san abubuwa da yawa game da tururuwa da tururuwa masu daɗi. Ba sa cin tururuwa na soja da waɗannan kwari waɗanda ke da kariya ta sinadarai a cikin kayan ajiyar su. Masu cin abincin suna shan kwari da yawa. Misali, wata katuwar dabbar dawa tana cin tururuwa har 30,000 a rana, kuma mai cin nama mai kafa hudu yana cin kusan 9,000.
Mafi yawan lokuta, dabbobi basa amfani da ruwa, suma suna da isasshen ruwan da yake shiga jiki da abinci. Amma masana kimiyya-masanan sun gano cewa wani lokacin suna cin 'ya'yan itacen dabinon, suna cire danshi da wasu abubuwa masu mahimmanci daga garesu tare da taimakon manyan fika.
Anteaters suna kama da masu tsabtace motsi waɗanda ke yawo a cikin dazuzzuka da savannas don neman tudun duwatsu da tsaunukan tururuwa. Bayan sun same shi, ana yin liyafa ta gaske don mai cin abincin, yana ƙare da ɓarna da lalacewa na kwari, waɗanda aka tsotse su a zahiri daga gidansu. Yayin cin abinci, dogon harshen ante yana motsawa cikin kusan saurin walƙiya, yana kaiwa saurin motsi 160 a minti ɗaya. Kwari sunyi riko da shi, kamar m, wanda daga yanzu ba za ku iya kawar da shi ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, cikin dabbar dajin ba shi da sinadarin hydrochloric, wanda ke taimakawa wajen narkar da abinci. Ana maye gurbinsa da formic acid, wanda yake shiga jiki da abinci. Wani lokacin dabbobi masu cin nama, kamar tsuntsaye, sukan haɗiye yashi da ƙananan duwatsu, suna yin wannan don taimakawa narkewa, ƙarfafa shi.
Bugu da kari, duk masu cin naman dabbobi suna da rashin karfin jiki sosai. A cikin manyan anteaters, yanayin zafin jiki na kawai 32, 7 digiri, shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa. A cikin yatsun kafa huɗu da dwarf, ya fi girma, amma ba yawa ba.
Abin sha'awa shine, dabbobin gida masu cin abinci sun fi na takwarorinsu na daji mabanbanta. Suna farin cikin cin kowane irin 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari, suna shan madara, soyayyar cuku, naman da aka nika, dafaffiyar shinkafa. Waɗannan su ne gourmets, amma ya fi kyau kada ku saba musu da kayan zaki, yana da cutarwa sosai a gare su.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Babban dabbar daji
A cikin nau'o'in halittu daban-daban, hanyar rayuwarsu ta daban ce. Misali, manyan dabbobin daji suna rayuwa ta duniya, dwarf anteaters suna tafiyar da rayuwar bishiya, kuma dabbobi masu cin nama huɗu suna haɗuwa duka. Dabbobi sun fi yin aiki da hantsi. A dabi'unsu, waɗannan halittun da ba a sani ba suna da ni'ima, ban da mata masu ɗiya, kodayake iyaye maza sun kasance suna cikin renon yara na ɗan lokaci.
Da wuya sosai, masu cin naman dabbobi suna kafa ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi na iyali, wannan halin banbanci ne a gare su, amma wannan, duk da haka, yana faruwa. Yanayi bai baiwa tsoffin dabbobi jin da ji da gani ba, amma ƙanshinsu yana da kyau ƙwarai, kuma yana taimaka wajan neman ƙoshin lafiya. Wata damar mahaɗan dabbobi shine ikon yin iyo, kiyayewa akan ruwa kwarin gwiwa kuma cikin nasara kan manyan ruwa.
Game da tsari na gida, nau'uka daban-daban suna da fifiko daban-daban. Tamandua yana da falala ta manyan ramuka a cikin bishiyoyi, inda suke yin sheƙan jin daɗi. Manyan dabbobi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suna haƙa ramuka masu zurfi a ƙasa, waɗanda suke amfani da shi don hutawa, kuma yakan ɗauki tsawon awanni 15 a rana. A matsayin sutura da bargo, a lokaci guda, suna ɓoyewa a bayan wutsiyarsu mai wadata, kamar mai faran faran mai faranti. Wakilan anteat mafi yawanci sukan huta, suna rataye kai tsaye a kan reshe tare da taimakon ƙafafun ƙafafu na gaba, kuma suna nade wutsiyar su a bayan ƙafafun baya.
Anteaters suna da yankuna daban daban inda suke ciyarwa. Idan akwai wadataccen abinci, to irin waɗannan kaso ba su da yawa kwata-kwata, amma sun kai yanki mai rabin kilomita murabba'i, ana samun irin waɗannan wurare a Panama. Inda babu wadataccen abinci, filin sihiri zai iya kaiwa hekta 2.5.
Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa tamandua yana aiki ba kawai da maraice ba, yana iya kasancewa a farke cikin yini. Idan babu abin da ya tsoratar da katuwar dabbar daji, yana cikin yanayi mai nutsuwa da nutsuwa, to yana iya aiki da rana, duk ya dogara da yankin da ke kewaye da shi.
Gabaɗaya, masu cin naman dabbobi ba su da rikici kuma suna da halaye masu kyau, sun fi son zaman lafiya da sauran nau'in dabbobi kuma ba za su taɓa zama farkon wanda za su fara kai hari ba.
Wadanda suka dauki dabbar dabbar a matsayin dabbar dabba suna da'awar cewa dabbobin suna da wayewa sosai, suna iya koyan umarni da yawa, suna faranta masu su rai. Mafi yawanci, ana ajiye tamandua a matsayin dabbar dabba, kodayake shahararren mai zane Salvador Dali ya taɓa son katuwar dabbar dabbar daji, tana yawo da shi a kan titunan Farisiyawa kan zinare na zinariya, abin da ya ba wa waɗanda suke kusa da shi mamaki.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Dabbar dabba
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, masu cin naman dabbobi dabbobi ne masu zaman kansu waɗanda suka fi son zama a waje da gama kai. Kawai don lokacin ma'aurata da kiwon 'ya'ya ne kawai suke ƙirƙirar dangi na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Abin lura ne cewa namiji yana taimakawa mace wajen kula da ɗa, wanda babu shakka ya ƙara masa ƙari. Kodayake akwai keɓaɓɓu tsakanin waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki, da ƙyar za su iya ƙirƙirar ma'aurata na shekaru da yawa ko ma rayuwarsu, a bayyane, wannan soyayya ce ta gaskiya.
Tamandua da katuwar anteater suna da lokacin bikin aure a kaka. Tsawon lokacin daukar ciki a nau'ikan halittu daban-daban daga wata uku zuwa watanni shida. A lokacin bazara, iyaye suna da ɗiya ɗaya. Tuni yana da faratan farce da sauri yana hawa kan uwarsa. Hakanan Dad yana ɗauke da ɗansa a bayansa, na ɗan lokaci yana taimakon mahaifiya kan ilimi. Wata shida, mace tana kula da jariri da madararta, kodayake galibi har zuwa shekara daya da rabi, jaririn yana zama tare da mahaifiyarsa har sai ya balaga ta hanyar jima’i.
Wani abin sha'awa shine, a cikin katuwar tsohuwar dabba, jariri ɗan ƙaramin kwafin iyayensa ne, yayin da mai yatsu huɗu ba kamarsu kwata-kwata kuma yana iya zama baki ɗaya ko fari.
Dwarf anteaters galibi suna haɗuwa a cikin bazara. Har ila yau mahaifin yana taimaka wa ƙaramar uwa ta ɗaga thean. A cikin dukkan wakilan masu cin naman dabbobi, jariran da suka girma ba abinci kawai suke sha ba, har ma da kwari da iyayensu suka sake tsarawa, don haka suka saba da abincin manya.
Ana iya kiran masu cin abinci na ainihi da suna masu shekaru ɗari-ɗari, saboda, a matsakaita, waɗannan wakilai masu ban mamaki na fauna suna rayuwa daga shekaru 16 zuwa 18, kuma wasu samfurin sun rayu zuwa 25.
Abokan gaba na dabbobi masu cin nama
Hotuna: Anteater
Idan a cikin daji ga manyan dabbobi masu cuwa-cuwa da masu yatsu huɗu irin waɗannan manya-manyan dabbobin kamar cougars da jaguars suna aiki a matsayin abokan gaba, to ga wakilan dwarf na dangin anteater akwai haɗari da yawa, har ma da manyan tsuntsaye da boas na iya yi musu barazana.
A cikin babban ciyawar dabba, babban makamin nata babban ƙusoshin centimita goma ne, wanda da su ne zai iya raba abokan gaba, kamar kaifi-wuƙa. A yayin yaƙin, dabbar tana tsaye a kan ƙafafuwanta na baya, kuma tana yaƙi da maƙaryata tare da ƙafafunta na gaba, waɗannan gabobin da ƙarfi suna iya murkushe maƙiyi. Sau da yawa, masu farauta, ganin irin wannan ƙarfin zuciya da ƙarfi, suna barin kuma ba sa tarayya da babban dabba, saboda suna ɗaukarsa maƙiyi mai haɗari da ƙarfi da ke iya haifar da munanan raunuka.
Ananan dabbobi masu cin nama kuma suna da ƙarfin kare kansu, duk da girmansu. Sun kuma tsaya a tsaye a ƙafafunsu na baya, kuma suna riƙe ƙusoshin gaban su a shirye a gabansu don bugun abokan gaba. Teunƙun daji mai yatsu huɗu, tare da manyan hanyoyin kariya, shima yana amfani da sirrin ƙanshi na musamman, wanda ake rufe shi ta hanji, yana tsoratar da makiya da ƙamshi mara daɗi.
Duk da haka, mafi girman tasiri akan adadin anteat yan adam suna aikatawa, suna hallaka su, kai tsaye kuma ta hanyar rayuwarsu ta aiki.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Giant Anteater
Kasancewar duk masu cin naman dabbobi suna da zabi sosai a tsarin cin abincinsu kuma suna da yara ƙalilan, yawansu kadan ne kuma duk shekara sai ya ragu saboda sa hannun mutane.
'Yan asalin ƙasar kusan ba sa farautar dabbobi masu cin nama saboda naman su. Ana yin amfani da fatun fatar mai yatsu huɗu a wasu lokuta a aikin fata, amma ba safai ba kuma a ƙananan yawa. Duk da wannan, manyan wakilan dabbobi masu ci gaba suna ci gaba da ɓacewa daga wuraren da suke a Amurka ta Tsakiya, kuma a yankuna da yawa sun riga sun ɓace.
Wannan na faruwa ne saboda wuraren da suke aiki na dindindin na fuskantar lalacewa sakamakon ayyukan mutane, wanda ke raba dabbobi daga wuraren da suka saba, yanke bishiyoyi, yankan savannahs, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar waɗannan halittu na ban mamaki.
A cikin Yankin Kudancin Amurka, mafarauta don neman kofunan da ba a saba gani ba suna halakar da dabbobin daji, 'yan kasuwar dabbobi na daban ma suna yi musu barazana, wadanda suke tilasta su. Abin takaici ne a gane cewa an lalata ankara gabaki ɗaya a wasu yankuna na Brazil da Peru.
Hakanan ana farautar Tamandua sau da yawa, amma ba talakawa ba, amma wasanni tare da amfani da karnuka.Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbar tana da ban sha'awa sosai kuma tana kare kanta yadda ya kamata don ceton ransa. Sau da yawa, masu cin naman dabbobi suna mutuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun mota, amma babbar barazanar da ke damunsu ita ce asarar muhallansu na dindindin, wanda ke haifar da rashin abinci da mutuwar dabbobi.
Kariyar Anteater
Photo: Anteater daga littafin Red
Kodayake yawan duk masu cin naman ba su da yawa kuma suna ci gaba da raguwa, babban wakilin wannan dangi ne kawai aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja. Ya kamata mutum yayi tunani sosai game da illolin da yake haifarwa ga yawancin wakilan duniyar dabbobi, gami da maƙera dabbobi, waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamakin bai kamata su bari su ɓace ba.
A ƙarshe, ya rage don ƙara hakan cin-tururuwa ba wai kawai na asali ba, na musamman da wanda ba na al'ada ba, amma kuma yana da kwanciyar hankali kuma baya son shiga rikici, watakila kawai tare da tururuwa da tururuwa. Yanayinta mai ban mamaki yana sanyaya gwiwa. Koyaya, duk da wannan, wasu mutane ba sa son samun irin wannan dabbar gidan, suna ba shi duk ƙawancensu da ƙaunatacciyar soyayya. Abin haushi ne a fahimci cewa ba kowa ne yake da kirki ba, saboda haka akwai masu ƙarancin dabbobi a duniya, wanda, tabbas, ya cancanci a bincika su kuma a ɗauke su duka a cikin tsaro da aminci.
Ranar bugawa: 25.03.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/18/2019 da 22:27
