Har zuwa yanzu, akwai muhawara tsakanin masana kimiyya ko fitilar na kifi ne, ko kuwa nau'ikan kwayoyin parasites ne na musamman. Saboda yanayin da yake baƙon abu da firgitarwa, yana jan hankali, kuma tare da tsarin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi mai sauƙi, fitila tana ɗaya daga cikin mazaunan duniyar ruwa masu nutsuwa. Ko da kifi fitila kuma yana da fasali mara kyau, mutane da yardar rai suna cin sa har ma suna gudanar da manyan sana'o'i na fitilun fitila.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Lamprey
Kifin fitila yana daga cikin dadaddun halittu a Duniya. Bai canza yanayinsa kwata-kwata ba kusan shekaru miliyan 350. Saboda asalinsa na da, wasu masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa fitilar fitila ce ta fara kirkirar kashin baya. Don haka, fitilar ba ta fuskantar manyan canje-canje na juyin halitta, amma wasu masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa ya canza sosai a girma kuma a farkon lokacin wanzuwarsa ya ninka sau goma zuwa goma sha biyar.
Bidiyo: Lamprey
Kifin Lamprey na cikin rukunin cyclostomes - jawless vertebrates. Halittun wannan aji sun sami wannan suna ne saboda tsarin yankin baka, wanda babu muƙamuƙi a cikinsa. Baya ga fitilun fitila masu yawa, akwai maɗaura - iri-iri na zamani waɗanda suke da kamanni na waje da na fitilun. Duk da cewa wannan rabe-raben ya fi na kowa, wani lokacin ana rarrabe kifin fitila zuwa wani aji na daban ko kuma ana daukar su da nau'ikan kifin myxine.
Lampreys rukuni ne mai bambancin ra'ayi wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan sama da arba'in. Kifin Lamprey ya kasu kashi-kashi dangane da halaye na halittu, wuraren zama, tsarin halayya da kuma abubuwan da ake so.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Lamprey kifi
Matsakaicin girman kifin fitila yana daga 10 zuwa 30 cm Lampreys suna girma cikin rayuwarsu, kodayake haɓakar su tana raguwa da shekaru. Tsoffin fitilar fitila na iya zuwa tsayin mita ɗaya. Jikin fitilar siriri ne kuma siriri, yayi kama da maciji ko tsutsa.
Lines na Lamprey sun ragu kuma kusan basa yin ayyukansu - a matsayinka na mai mulki, sun ma da wahalar gani a jikin fitila. Lampreys suna iyo kamar maciji ko moray, saboda godiyar motsi da suke yi.
Kayan gani na fitila baƙon abu bane. Suna da idanu uku, biyu daga cikinsu suna bayyane a kai. Waɗannan idanu ba sa gani da kyau, amma har yanzu suna aiki. Ido na uku ya kusan ɓacewa a yayin juyin halitta: yana cikin tsakiyar kai, kusa da gefensa. A da, yawancin rayayyun halittu suna da irin wannan idanun, amma ya rikide ya zama gland din kuma ya hade da kwakwalwar waje ta kwakwalwa. Har yanzu fitilar tana da wannan ido, kodayake ba ta iya gani da shi.
Lampreys ba su da kwarangwal na kasusuwa, kuma dukkan jikinsu ya kasance ne da guringuntsi, wanda ke ba kifin damar zama mai sassauƙa. Jikinsu yana lulluɓe da danshi mai santsi, wanda ke kare fitilun daga masu yuwuwar cinyewa: ƙashin gam yana hana abokan gaba kamawa da fitilun da ƙarfi, tunda ƙamshin yana ba da zamiya. A cikin fitilar ruwa mai kyau, wannan ƙurar tana da guba, saboda haka, ana sarrafa ta a hankali kafin dafa da cin kifi.
Kayan aikinta na baka shine mafi girman sha'awa. Tun da kifin ba shi da muƙamuƙi, bakinsa mazurari ne, cike da ɗigon ƙananan hakora masu kaifi ko'ina. Baki yana aiki a matsayin ƙoƙon tsotsa, wanda aka haɗa shi a haɗe da haƙoran. Harshen fitila kuma yana cike da haƙoran kama.
A ina ne kifin fitila ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Ruwan fitila
Kifin Lamprey ana samun sa a kusan ko'ina cikin duniya saboda ƙwarewar su da kuma rashin dacewar su. Dangane da mazaunin kifin, ana iya raba fitila zuwa waɗanda ke zaune a cikin gishiri da ruwa mai ɗanɗano.
- a cikin ruwan gishiri: tekuna daga Faransa zuwa Karelia. Mafi yawanci ana samunsu a cikin Tekun Baltic da Arewacin Arewa;
- a cikin ruwan sabo: Ladoga da tabkunan Onega, Neva. Lambobi suna da yawa a yammacin Rasha. Ana iya samun sa sau da yawa a cikin tabkuna na yankin Kaliningrad.
Ba safai ake samun fure a arewacin Rasha ba, kodayake wannan nau'in yana da yawan rayuwa kuma wani lokacin ana iya samun fitila a cikin tabkuna masu sanyi ko rafuka masu tsafta. Lampreys da sauri suna yin ƙaura, sabili da haka, koda bayan sun kyankyashe a cikin ruwan kogi, suna iya iyo a teku su zauna a can. Hakanan ba a samun fitila a cikin Bahar Maliya kwata-kwata, kuma suna da wuya sosai a cikin ruwan Belarus.
Akwai tabbataccen shaida da ke nuna cewa wasu mutane sun dauki kifin fitila a matsayin halittar shaidan.
An rubuta mafi yawan fitilun fitila a cikin shekarun 1990 kusa da garin Lipetsk. A yau, fitilun fitila a wannan yanki sun ragu sosai, amma har yanzu yawansu ya fi girma.
Menene kifin fitila ke ci?
Hotuna: Lamprey
Tsarin ciyar da fitila yana da ban sha'awa sosai saboda yanayin tsarin bakinsa. Ba shi da abin da ake taunawa, kuma duk abin da fitilar zai iya yi shi ne mannewa a jiki, tare da lika kansa da hakora masu kaifi da harshe.
Da farko, fitila, wacce ta zaɓi wanda aka azabtar, tana manne da jikinta sosai. Sannan tana cizon ta ko da fatar da ke da hakora masu kaifi kuma ta fara shan jini. Godiya ga abubuwa na musamman a cikin jinin fitilun - masu hana yaduwar jini, jinin wanda aka azabtar ba ya daskarewa kuma yana ci gaba da gudana yayin da fitilar take a jikin wanda aka azabtar.
Fitilar na iya cin awowi da yawa, tunda bakinta baya aiki don ayyukan numfashi. Tare da jinin, fitilar tana gnaws a kyallen wanda aka azabtar ta laushi ta yau wanda ya fada yankin bakinta. Wasu lokuta fitila suna makalewa da karfi sosai har suna cin abinci har gabobin ciki. Tabbas wadanda abin ya shafa sun mutu daga irin wadannan raunuka da zubar jini.
Lampreys galibi ana fadawa cikin:
- kifi;
- sturgeon;
- cod;
- kifi;
- kuraje.
Ba duk fitilar fitila bane masu cutar parasitic. Wasu fitilun sun ƙi cin abinci kwata-kwata, suna cinye rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya akan tanadin abubuwan gina jiki da suka tara yayin da har yanzu suna tsutsa.
Fitilar parasitic sun tsaya ga kifi koda kuwa basa jin yunwa, amma kawai suna kusa da mai yuwuwar cutarwa. Sabili da haka, idan akwai hannu ko ƙafa na mutum kusa, fitilar za ta afka masa kai tsaye kuma zai ciyar. Abin farin ciki, a mafi yawan lokuta lamura ba su da haɗari ga ɗan adam, kodayake ya kamata a yi binciken likita bayan irin wannan lamarin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Ruwan fitilar teku
Kodayake kifin fitila na mallakar masu farauta ne, amma yana haifar da zaman banza, rayuwar rago. Ainihin, fitilar tana kwance a ƙasan mashin din kuma yana jiran abin da zai yiwu ya fara ganima ya wuce, wanda fitilar zata sha. Idan babu kifi a yankin na dogon lokaci, kuma fitilar tana jin yunwa, to tana iya fara motsi don neman abinci.
Yawancin rikodin hare-haren fitila a kan mutane an rubuta su. Babu ɗayansu wanda ya kasance mai tsananin damuwa ga mutane, amma a kowane yanayi, waɗanda abin ya shafa sun je asibitoci don taimako.
Lampreys galibi suna ciyar da ragowar sauran kifaye, da mahimmanci yan iska ne. Da yardar rai suna cin mushen nama da ke faɗuwa zuwa ƙasa. Lampreys ba safai suke yin iyo daga wuri zuwa wuri ba, kodayake suna iya yin tafiya mai nisa da kansu, wanda ke buƙatar makamashi mai yawa daga gare su. Mafi yawancin lokuta fitila suna tafiya, suna jingina ga babban kifi na tsawon kwanaki - godiya ga wannan hanyar, sun bazu kusan ko'ina cikin tekun duniya.
Lampreys suna da ma'ana amma ba masu rikici ba. Duk da cewa ba su rasa wata dama ta cin abinci, ba sa kare haƙƙin ƙasarsu kuma ba sa faɗa da sauran fitila da kifaye waɗanda ba su da sha'awar abinci mai gina jiki. Idan fitilar kanta ta zama abincin wani, ba za ta iya yakar mai kawo harin ba.
Lampreys na kaɗaici ne, amma galibi ana haɗuwa da su a gungu a ƙasa. Hakan na iya faruwa ta hanyar abubuwan abinci waɗanda suka zaɓi fitilun fitila da yawa lokaci guda, ko kuma ta hanyar ɓatancin lokacin.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Kifin Lamprey
Kifi mai ragowa da malalacin fitila mai halayyar gaske a lokacin haihuwa, suna tafe a cikin garken.
Sabanin mazaunin, ana yin ɓarna a lokuta daban-daban na shekara:
- Caspian lamprey - Agusta ko Satumba;
- Turaren ruwan fure na Turai - Oktoba zuwa Disamba;
- Gabashin Turawan Turai - Mayu zuwa Yuni.
Tunda idanun su suna fusata sosai da hasken rana, yawan haihuwa a koyaushe yana faruwa da dare kuma koyaushe a cikin sabbin ruwa. Sabili da haka, fitilar teku suna fara yin ƙaura a gaba don su iya iyo cikin ruwa mai kyau a lokacin bazuwa. A wannan lokacin, hakora suna girma kuma su zama marasa haske, yayin da fitilun ke daina ciyarwa.
Suna tashi zuwa saman tafkin ruwan a cikin babban garken, suna yin nau'i-nau'i tsakanin maza da mata. A wannan lokacin, mace zata fara sakin wasu kwayoyin halittar, saboda wannan kwayayen ne ke haifar da ita a gabobin cikin ta. Irin wannan tsari yana faruwa a cikin gabobin al'aura na maza - an samar da madara. Gaskiyar ita ce, fitilun ba su da gabobin al'aura na waje, wanda hakan ke sa tsarin aurenta ba zai yiwu ba, kuma ilimin lissafin aikin haihuwa abu ne mai ban mamaki.
Namiji yana kirkirar gida da duwatsu masu wuya a ƙasan ruwan, yayin da mace, ke tsotse dutsen, da haƙuri tana jiran a gama ginin. Mazaje suna dauke da tsakuwa zuwa gida, suna tsotse dutsen da aka zaba suna ninkaya dashi zuwa inda ake so. Lokacin da aka tara tsakuwa, sai ya watsa datti ya zube da jelarsa, hakan zai sa gida ya zama mai tsabta. Namiji da mace sa'annan suna cudanya, suna share ƙwai da madara ta cikin pores a jiki. Wannan aikin yana da ƙarfin kuzari sosai, don haka duka mutanen ƙarshe zasu mutu.
Daga ƙwai dubu 10, ƙyanƙyashe larvae, wanda ya shiga cikin rami - sandworms. Suna ciyarwa ta hanyar tace ruwa ta bakin, ta haka suke zabar abubuwan gina jiki, kuma zasu iya zama a wannan yanayin har tsawon shekaru 14. Sannan a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ya sha wahala mai saurin lalacewa, ya zama manya.
Abokan gaba na kifin fitila
Hotuna: Caspian lamprey
Kodayake fitilar babba ce, amma tana da makiya da yawa. Lamprey na matsayin abinci ga babban kifi da kuma ɓawon burodi, kuma ƙananan ƙwayoyinta a ƙananan lambobi suna girma har zuwa girma saboda gaskiyar cewa wasu mazaunan ruwa suna cin su sau da yawa.
Kifin da fitila ke ci shima na iya zama abokan gaba - duk ya dogara da girman kifin da fitilar kanta. Kifin Salmon, wanda kifin fitila ya cinye, zai iya cin shi iri ɗaya.
Baya ga kifi, tsuntsaye na iya farautar fitilu. Idan muna magana ne game da ruwa mara kyau, to, duwalai da fitilun fitila masu kifi daga ƙarƙashin rami yayin yini, lokacin da fitila ke ɓoyewa daga hasken rana da ke damun idanu. Cormorants tsuntsaye ne masu ruwa; suna iya kama fitila a matsayin abinci.
Haɗari mai yawa ga fitila shine burbot, kifi mai zurfin teku wanda galibi yake rayuwa a ƙasan magudanan ruwa. A cikin tekuna, manya-manyan fitila a lokacin sanyi suna zama ganima ga manya-manyan kifi irin su beluga. Wasu lokuta hatimin Caspian da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa suna kama fitila.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Lamprey
Lampreys nau'ikan halittu ne masu yawa kusan kusan duk tekun duniya. Godiya ga yanayin haihuwarsu da ikon yin ƙaura da sauri, jingina ga kifi, ba su taɓa gab da halaka ba kuma irin waɗannan tsinkayen ba a hango su. Koyaya, idan aka kwatanta da ƙarni na ƙarshe, har yanzu lambobinsu sun ragu, kuma dalilin wannan shine yawan kamun kifi.
Kasashe irin su Russia, Finland, Sweden da Latvia suna cikin manyan fitilun fitila. Duk da rashin kyawunsa, fitilun yana ɗauke da ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki, kuma ana ɗaukar namansa a matsayin mai ɗanɗano. A cikin Tekun Baltic, kimanin tan 250 na fitila ake kamawa kowace shekara, galibinsu ana tsince su.
Suna kuma cin sandar tsutsa - larvae lamprey. Hakanan suna da darajar abinci mai kyau da dandano mai daɗi.
Mafi sau da yawa fitila fallasa zuwa soya. Namansa yana da daɗi a ɗanɗano da tsari, yana da sauƙin dafawa kuma baya buƙatar balle, saboda haka ana jin daɗin wannan kifin a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya.
Ranar bugawa: 11.03.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 18.09.2019 a 21:00
