Arctic fox saboda bayyanarsa - wata halitta mai abin tunawa. Suna kama da dabbobi, fararen fata ne kawai. A cikin dusar ƙanƙara, ba za a lura da irin wannan dabbar ba, musamman idan dabbar arctic ta rufe hanci da idanunta. Wannan ba shine kawai fasalinsa na musamman ba, wanda ke tayar da sha'awar mutane, amma kuma babban salo ne ga rayuwa a cikin yanayin polar.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Arctic fox
Karnukan Arctic suna cikin dangin canine ne, amma ainihin jinsin dawakan Arctic yana da nau'in jinsin daya kawai. Wadannan dabbobin ana kiran su sau da yawa dawakai, ko mafi daidai, na pola, na arctic ko na farin dawakai. An raba Foxar Arctic zuwa nau'i biyu dangane da launin gashinsu.
Bidiyo: Arctic fox
Farin dawakai suna canza launuka da launi na gashinsu a duk shekara. A lokacin hunturu, suna sanya mafi kyawun lullubi da farin gashi mai launin fari mai launin fari - ita ce wacce aka fi jin daɗi a kasuwannin fur. Bayan dogon lokacin bazara, sun zama masu launin ruwan kasa da rashin laushi.
Amma launuka masu launin shuɗi gabaɗaya suna da nisa daga launin farin gashi. Duk tsawon shekara suna sanya gashin gashi mai launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa ko toka. Daga lokacin yana canza yawansa.
Yanayi ya ba su gashi mai kauri sosai da sutura. Yanayin da suke zaune yana da matukar wahala cewa hanyar tsira kawai ita ce gashi mai dumi mai dumi da ajiyar mai. Bugu da ƙari, dabbobi suna da gashi har a kan ƙafafunsu, daidai kan gamtsun yatsun. Don wannan ne dawakan Arctic suka sami sunan su, saboda a fassara yana nufin "hare paw".
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabbobin Arctic fox
Da farko kallo, karnukan Arctic galibi duk suna kama da dawakai, kawai sun kasance farare. Har ila yau, waɗannan dabbobin sun fi guntu: ƙafafunsu sun fi ƙasa da na dawakai na kowa, saboda haka suna ganin ba su da wata matsala ko ba su da ƙarfi. Dawakan Arctic ƙananan dabbobi ne, mafi yawan mutane sun kai kilogiram 9, amma wannan ba safai ba. Asali, Foxan Arctic sune kananan dabbobi kilogram uku ko hudu. A waje, fur yana sa su ɗan ƙara ƙarfi sosai.
Tsawon jiki a matsakaita yakai santimita hamsin zuwa saba'in, kuma tsayin dabbobi yakai santimita talatin. Wannan yanayin rashin daidaiton abu kadan kamar surar jikin dachshund. Irin wannan tsarin jikin yana bawa dabba damar yin amfani da zafi sosai ta fannin tattalin arziki, kuma yana kasan zuwa kasa, inda akwai karancin iska.
Dawakan Arctic suna da wutsiya mai matukar kyau. Suna girma zuwa santimita talatin a tsayi, kuma an rufe su da fur kamar laushi da kauri kamar jiki.
Hannun dabba ya bambanta da na fox, gajere ne kuma mai fadi, yayin da yake karami sosai, kuma kunnuwa suma gajere ne kuma zagaye. Irin wannan banbancin ya zama dole a yanayin rayuwa, wannan yana cire yuwuwar sanyi a jikin mutum mai tsayi sosai. Don haka a cikin foxes arctic duk abin da ya dace kuma an rufe shi da gashin gashi kuma su ma sun haɓaka waɗannan hankulan sosai: ji mai kyau da ƙanshi mai kyau.
Na'ura mai ban sha'awa tana da idanun karnukan Arctic: an lulluɓe su da layin kariya daga haske mai haske ƙwarai, wanda za a iya nuna shi daga saman dusar ƙanƙan a cikin kwanaki masu haske. Koyaya, karnukan da ke cikin arctic ba su da kaifin gani.
Ina Arctic fox yake zaune?
Photo: Arctic fox a cikin tundra
Dawakan Arctic suna zaune a Arewacin Pole da latitude na tundra da gandun daji-tundra kewaye da shi. Bugu da ƙari, suna zaune a duk tsibirin arewacin, nahiyoyi har ma da yawo a kankara. Karnukan Arctic galibi suna cikin yankunan mahaɗan: Arewacin Amurka, arewacin Turai da Asiya. Amma launuka masu launin shuɗi sun fi son tsibirin da ke kusa, kuma a nahiyoyi za a iya samunsu da wuya.
Karnukan Arctic suna dacewa da irin wannan mummunan yanayin na arewa, daren dare da sanyi. Koyaya, suna cikin jarabar abinci. Kuma, idan akwai ƙarancin samarwa, suna iya canza mazauninsu, suna rufe manyan hanyoyi. Dawowar Arctic tana iya tafiyar kusan kilomita dari a rana tare da gajerun kafafunta a yanayin dusar kankara da dusar kankara. Don haka dabbobi basu da alaƙa da wani wurin zama na musamman kuma a shirye suke koyaushe su canza wurin su zuwa mafi gamsarwa.
Dangane da mazaunin, al'ada ce ta haskaka yawancin raƙuman Arctic fox:
- Karnukan Arctic da ke rayuwa a tsibirin Iceland, ban da su babu sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, an ba su sunan Alopex lagopus fuliginosus.
- Karnukan Arctic na Tsibirin Bering. Waɗannan ƙananan rukunoni sun yi fice tsakanin magidanta saboda furfurar duhu. Ba kowa ya san irin waɗannan karnukan ba, domin ba su da fari ko kaɗan, amma sun fi kusa da baƙi. Kari akan haka, mafi yawan mutane suna cikin wannan nau'ikan. Sunansu Alopex lagopus beringensis.
- Ofaya daga cikin raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa shine dawakan Mednovsky Arctic, daga sunan mazaunin, Tsibirin Medny. Kusan mutum ɗari daga cikinsu suka rage.
Menene fox Arctic yake ci?
Photo: Arctic fox a cikin hunturu
Abinci ga irin waɗannan mazaunan arewa suna da wahala. Amma ba sa son abinci kuma suna shirye su sami abin da za su ci don kada su lalace. Arnukan dawakai na Arctic suna cin ganyayyaki akan ƙananan rodents, galibi lemmings. Hakanan kwayayen tsuntsaye da kajin da kansu suna sha'awar su. Hakanan dabbobin ruwa na jarirai galibi sukan zama abincin su. Suna iya cinye ƙaramin hatimi ko walrus.
Wasu nau'in kifi, molluscs, crustaceans har ma da ruwan teku sune abinci na yau da kullun don dawakan Arctic a lokacin rani. Arctic fox shima yana cinye kusan komai daga abincin tsire. Akwai ƙananan ciyayi a cikin tundra, don haka babu zaɓi. Abincin ya hada da berries, tsire-tsire masu ƙaranci, rassan laushi na shrubs, algae.
Ba za su iya jurewa da manyan dabbobi ba, koda yake, idan dabbar ta mutu da nata ko kuma wata dabba mafi girma ta kashe shi, to, dawakan Arctic ba za su yi ƙyamar cin ragowar ba. Ya faru cewa karnukan arctic musamman sun haɗa kansu da beyar ko kerkeci don cin abincinsu a bayansu.
Gabaɗaya, abincin hunturu na dawakan Arctic galibi ya ƙunshi gawa, don haka gawar ta fi araha. Kokarin Polar suna cin mamatan dabbobin da suka mutu: whales, walruses, hatimai na fur, otter na teku, hatimai da wasu wasu. Har ma suna iya wadatar da yunwa mai tsanani tare da dusar ruwa mara kyau. Wadanda suka mutu dawakai suma suna hidimar abinci ne ga yan uwansu na kusa. A wannan ma'anar, waɗannan dabbobin sun ci gaba da cin naman mutane.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Fox fox
A lokacin bazara, Kwarin Arctic yana aiki na dogon lokaci - kusan zagaye na agogo, wanda ke hade da tsawon lokacin aikin hasken rana. A wannan lokaci na shekara, yana neman abinci koyaushe don ciyar da iyalinsa. A lokacin bazara, dole ne karnukan arctic su tara kitse da kayan abinci mai gina jiki a cikin jiki, in ba haka ba ba za ta tsira daga hunturu mai sanyi ba. A lokacin kaka da hunturu, Kwarin Arctic ya fi son fita neman abinci da daddare.
A lokacin rani, dabbobi galibi suna hutawa a cikin kabarinsu, amma wani lokacin kuma suna iya shakatawa a cikin iska. Amma a lokacin hunturu, dabbar dawa ta fi son tono sabon kogo a cikin dusar ƙanƙara kuma ta ɓuya a can. Zai iya ɓoyewa na kwanaki da yawa a jere daga ƙanƙarar ruwan sama ko lokacin tsananin sanyi.
Gabaɗaya, dawakan Arctic suna dacewa da yanayin tundra. Amma duk da cewa sun daidaita da yanayi mai wahala, duk dabbobin kaka suna yawo a bakin gabar teku ko koguna zuwa kudu? zuwa yankuna da suka fi dacewa, wanda zai iya yin tafiyar kilomita dari da yawa. A lokacin bazara a hankali suna dawowa.
Rayuwar dangi tayi kaman dodo. Hakanan zasu iya zama su kaɗai a lokacin hunturu, kodayake sau da yawa sukan tara abubuwa da yawa kusa da ganima. Kuma a lokacin bazara, sun riga sun samar da nau'i-nau'i, sannan kuma suna tayar da zuriya ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa.
A dabi'arsu, Foxin Arctic suna da hankali kuma sun fi son kada su ɗauki kasada ba dole ba. A lokaci guda, suna da halin nacewa har ma da girman kai. Yayin ganawa da manya-manyan masu farauta, ba sa guduwa, sai dai kawai su ja da baya kaɗan, kuma idan hakan ta yiwu, suna ƙoƙari su ƙwace wani yanki daga cikin abin da ya kama. Gabaɗaya, karnukan arctic sun haɗa duka dabarun neman abinci - farauta mai aiki da kuma kyauta.
Lokuta da yawa zaka iya ganin beyar beyar tana cin abinci, kuma a wannan lokacin ana kewaye da dawakan Arctic da yawa, suna jiran lokacin su. A waɗancan wuraren da ba a farautar ƙarnukan Arctic, dabbobin ba sa jin tsoron mutum kuma suna nutsuwa kusa da gidansa. Suna da kirkirar kirki. Misali, karnukan Arctic na yunwa na iya kutsawa cikin gidajen mutane ko kuma rumbuna, inda ake yawan satar abinci. Hakanan zasu iya satar abinci daga karnuka.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Arctic Fox Cub
Kukunan Arctic dabbobi ne masu auren mata daya. Kusan koyaushe suna samarda ma'aurata masu ƙarfi kuma suna rayuwa cikin iyalai. Kowane iyali galibi yana haɗa da manya biyu - mace da namiji, theira theiran su na yanzu a cikin adadin ofan kwikwiyo uku zuwa goma, kuma wani lokacin wasu samari da yawa mata da suka gabata. Wasu dabbobin zasu iya zama cikin yankuna daga iyalai da yawa. Mafi yawan lokuta, mata kan goya iyayen rikonsu. Wasu lokuta iyalai biyu ko uku na iya haɗuwa da kabarin da ke kusa da nassi.
Yawanci, yankin dangin karnukan Arctic sun kasance daga kilomita murabba'i 2 zuwa 30. Koyaya, a cikin shekaru masu yunwa, dawakai na iya zuwa nesa nesa da yankunansu, har zuwa kilomita goma.
Kafin samun zuriya, manyan karnukan arctic suna haƙa wa kansu ramuka. A koyaushe ana zaɓar wurin don binnewa a cikin tsaunuka, tunda akwai haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa a kan filin da ruwan narkewa. Burrow yawanci burrow a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, tsakanin duwatsu waɗanda ake buƙatar kariya. Cikakken burrow wanda ya dace da kiwo za a iya watsa shi daga tsara zuwa tsara ta karnukan arctic. Amma galibi sabon ƙarni yana watsi da tsohuwar ƙarni, kuma ana gina sabon zurfafawa a kusa. Yana yawan haɗuwa da gidan mahaifa ta rami. Wasu lokuta zaku iya samun labyrinth duka, suna isa ƙofar 50-60.
Wadannan dabbobin sun kai ga balagar jima'i da watanni tara ko goma sha daya. A watan Maris ko farkon Afrilu, dawakai mata na polar suka fara estrus, wanda yawanci ba ya wuce sati biyu. A wannan lokacin, lokacin da ake kira farauta ya wuce. A lokacin da mace zata iya yin ciki, ana yin faɗa tsakanin maza masu kishiya. Ta hanyar faɗa, suna jawo hankalin mata ga kansu. Hakanan flirt ɗin namiji na iya faruwa ta wata hanya: yana gudu a gaban zaɓaɓɓen da sanda, da ƙashi ko da wani abu a cikin haƙoransa.
Ciki yawanci yakan ɗauki kwanaki 52, amma wannan ƙimar na iya zuwa daga kwanaki 49 zuwa 56. Zuwa ƙarshen, lokacin da mace mai ciki ta ji cewa ba da daɗewa ba za ta haihu, yawanci cikin makonni 2, sai ta fara shirya mazaunin - ta haƙa sabon rami, ta tsaftace tsohuwar daga ganye. Idan babu burrow saboda wasu dalilai, to tana iya haihuwa a cikin daji. Daga lokacin da mace ta haifa 'ya'yan, zakariyar dawa ta zama tilo ga duk dangin.
Mace tana kula da zuriyar gaba ɗaya. 'Ya'yan kwikwiyo suna ciyar da madara kimanin makonni 10. Bayan haka, tun sun riga sun kai makonni uku zuwa huɗu, a hankali suna fara barin burrow. Mama ba wai kawai ciyar da su take ba, har ma tana koya musu farauta, tana koya musu yadda za su tsira da sanyi, suna haƙa ramuka a cikin dusar ƙanƙara.
Abokan gaba na karnukan Arctic
Photo: Arctic fox
Duk da cewa ita kanta dabbar Arctic kanta mai farauta ce, wannan dabbar ma tana da abokan gaba. Kubiyoyi suna cikin haɗari musamman. Arnukan Arctic za a iya farautar su da kerkeci, karnuka masu rakowa, dawakai da kerkeci. Lokaci-lokaci, bear polar kuma na iya kai hari, kodayake sau da yawa ƙirar kwari ba ta da sha'awa a gare shi saboda ƙaramarta.
Amma ƙananan dawakai na arctic na iya zama ganima ga tsuntsayen ganima, kamar:
- Farin Owl;
- gaggafa ta zinariya;
- skua;
- gaggafa mai farauta;
- hankaka;
- mujiya;
- babban nau'in gull.
Amma sau da yawa, dawakai na polar ba sa mutuwa kamar waɗanda ke cin abincinsu, amma saboda yunwa saboda ƙarancin kayan abinci. Sabili da haka, a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yanayi, yawan mace-macen dabbobi (da na haihuwa) ya bambanta sosai daga shekara zuwa shekara. Cututtuka, galibi scabies, distemper, arctic encephalitis da helminthiasis suma suna iyakance abubuwan.
Don dawakan Arctic, masu fafatawa kai tsaye a cikin abinci dabbobi kamar su ermine ko weasel. Amma waɗannan nau'ikan ba su da yawa kuma saboda haka ba sa haifar da babbar illa ga fox ɗin Arctic. Har ila yau, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an lura da sauyawa zuwa iyakar kudu na mazaunin Arx fox zuwa arewa. Da dama daga masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa wannan shine sakamakon sasantawar da aka samu daga dajin-tundra da fox yayi. Amma kuma akwai ra'ayi cewa gudun hijirar ya faru ne sakamakon tasirin zafi a kan ƙasa da ƙasa, a kan ƙanshin abin da ke ciki, wanda ke canza tsawon lokacin rufe dusar ƙanƙara, da yanayin sauyin burbushin halittu da canji a cikin rarraba kayan abinci.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Arctic Fox Red Book
Adadin karnukan Arctic suna fuskantar canje-canje masu karfi dangane da samuwar albarkatun abinci, musamman lemmings. Hakanan, hijirar dabbobi na da tasiri sosai akan yawan jama'a. Kamar dai kowace kaka kaka dabbobin da ke zaune a tundra suna fara yawo a bakin teku da kwaruruka zuwa kudu, kuma su dawo cikin bazara, ba duk dabbobi ne ke iya jurewa da yawo ba, kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna mutuwa, musamman a shekarun yunwa.
A cikin yankin tundra a cikin shekaru daban-daban lambar na iya kasancewa daga dubun-dubatan mutane zuwa dabbobi da yawa dubu ɗari. Karnukan Arctic sun fi yawa a cikin Bolshezemelskie, Yenisei, Ustyansk, Yamal, Prilensk tundras.
A da, mutane suna farautar karnukan Arctic sosai saboda kyawawan gashinsu na fur. Wannan ya haifar da raguwar lambobi. Sabili da haka, a yau an tsara lokacin farauta sosai - an iyakance shi zuwa lokacin kaka, kuma manya ne kawai za'a iya farautar su. Kuma mafi karami, kuma mai hadari, tare da adadi kaɗan, Kwamandan raƙuman shuɗi (watau Mednovsky arctic fox) yana da matsayin nau'in haɗari kuma an jera shi a cikin Red Book of Russia.
Kariyar karnukan Arctic
Photo: Arctic fox daga littafin Red
A halin yanzu, ana ci gaba da aiki don kara yawan karnukan polar. Ana shirya ciyarwar dabbobi yayin lokacin yunwa. Saboda sauƙin sauwar dabbobin Arctic, sun fara kiwonsu cikin fursuna. Finland da Norway su ne kan gaba cikin hayaniya da kiwo.
Karnin zumar dabba, wanda aka jera a cikin Red Book of Russia, ana kiyaye shi a cikin Komandorsky Biosphere Reserve. An dakatar da kamun kifin na Mednovsky arctic fox a cikin 60s. A wasu lokuta ana yin ƙoƙari don magance kwarkwata kumburi marasa ƙarfi daga ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar rayuwarsu.
Domin kiyayewa da rage mutuwar dabbobi a lokacin hunturu, haka kuma yayin faduwar brood, an yi kokarin takaita shigo da karnuka zuwa Tsibirin Medny, da kuma kokarin kirkirar da gandun daji don kiwo da karnukan Arctic na wannan jinsin a cikin fursuna.
Ranar bugawa: 23.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/15/2019 da 23:55
