Ga mutane da yawa, irin wannan dabba mai ban sha'awa kamar chinchilla - ba kwata-kwata ba, ya daɗe yana zama dabbobin gida da yawa. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda waɗannan kyawawan kwayoyi masu santsi suna da kyau da kyau. Amma chinchillas da ke rayuwa a cikin daji ba shi da sauƙi saduwa, saboda kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin waɗannan dabbobin suka rage, kuma suna zaune ne kawai a ɗaya daga cikin Kudancin Amurka.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Chinchilla
Har yanzu ba a san ko wane ne kakannin chinchilla ba. Yin aikin tona kayan tarihi a cikin Cordillera, masana kimiyya sun zakulo burbushin halittu daga hanjin duniya, wadanda basu da kamanceceniya da tsarin chinchillas, girman su ne kawai. Wannan dabba, a cewar masana, ta rayu shekaru dubu arba'in da suka gabata, don haka jinsi na chinchillas tsoho ne. Incas yana nuna chinchillas akan duwatsu ƙarnuka da yawa da suka gabata, wannan zanen ya wanzu har zuwa yau.
Inca sun yi abubuwa daban-daban na tufafi daga fata masu laushi na chinchillas, amma a tsakanin Indiyawan suna nesa da na farkon waɗanda suke son furcin beraye sosai. Na farko da ya fara sanya tufafin da aka yi da fatun chinchilla su ne Indiyawan Chincha. An yi imanin cewa chinchilla ta samo sunanta ne daga garesu, saboda kalmar "chinchilla" kanta baƙaƙe ce da sunan ƙabilar Indiya.
Bidiyo: Chinchilla
Ga 'yan Incas, darajar furfan chinchilla tana da girma ƙwarai, suna riƙe da iko akai-akai kan abincinsu don kada su cutar da yawan dabbobin. Amma a ƙarshen karni na 15, lamarin ya kasance ba shi da iko. Mutanen Spain da suka zo babban yankin suka fara farauta maras tausayi don beraye marasa karfi, wanda ya haifar da raguwar hanzarin yawansu. Hukumomin irin wadannan kasashen Kudancin Amurka kamar Chile, Bolivia da Argentina sun hana harbe-harben dabbobi da kuma fitar da su kasashen waje, sun gabatar da hukunci mai tsanani ga farautar ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Chinchilla wani dan sanda ne daga dangin chinchilla mai wannan sunan.
Wadannan dabbobin suna da nau'i biyu:
- gajeren gajere chinchillas (bakin teku);
- chinchillas suna da girma, suna da tsawo (dutse).
Dutsen chinchillas suna zaune a tsaunuka (sama da kilomita 2), gashinsu yana da kauri. Wannan nau'in ana rarrabe shi ta hanci tare da hump, wanda aka tsara shi don shaƙar iska mai sanyi. Yankunan chinchillas na bakin teku sun fi yawa, amma jela da kunnuwa sun fi na chinchillas tsayi. An yi amannar a hukumance cewa gajerun jelar da ake kira chinchilla sun ɓace gaba ɗaya, kodayake mazauna yankin sun ce sun gan su a cikin tsaunuka masu nisa na Argentina da Chile.
Abin sha'awa ne cewa Ba'amurke Matthias Chapman ne ya shirya gonar chinchilla ta farko, wanda ya kawo dabbobin zuwa Amurka. Ya fara kirkirar chinchillas cikin aminci don siyar da fatansu mai tamani, da yawa sai suka bi sawunsa, suna shirya gonakinsu.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: chinchilla mai dogon lokaci
Yankunan chinchillas masu ƙanƙan ne kaɗan, jikinsu bai fi tsayi tsawon 38 ba. Tsawon jelar ya bambanta daga 10 zuwa 18 cm. Dogon kunnuwa masu zagaye sun kai 6 cm a tsayi. Idan aka kwatanta shi da jiki, kan ya fi girma, bakin bakin yana zagaye da manyan idanu masu kyau, ɗaliban waɗanda suke a tsaye. Waswas (vibrissae) na dabba suna da tsayi, sun kai kimanin 10 cm, suna da mahimmanci don fuskantar cikin duhu. Nauyin babban ɗan sanda ya kasa kilogram (700 - 800 g), mace ta fi ta namiji girma.
Gashi na dabbobi mai daɗi ne, mai walƙiya, mai laushi, banda jela, wanda aka rufe shi da gashin gashi. Launi na Jawo yawanci launin toka-shuɗi (toka), cikin ciki milki ne mai haske. Ana iya samun sauran launuka, amma suna da wuya.
Chinchilla tana da hakora 20 kawai, 16 daga cikinsu asalinsu ne (suna ci gaba da girma cikin rayuwa). Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙananan beraye, ana iya kiran chinchillas da shekaru ɗari ɗari; waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 19. Wsafafun chinchilla kanana ne, a ƙafafun gaba dabba tana da yatsu 5, a ƙafafun baya - huɗu, amma sun fi yawa. Turawa da kafafunsu na baya, chinchillas suna yin tsalle marasa tsayi. Haɗin kan dabba zai iya zama mai hassada, yana da ƙwarewar ci gaba sosai, ƙwararrun masanan suna cin nasara da manyan duwatsu.
Wani abu mai ban sha'awa na ilimin halittar rodent shine kwarangwal din sa, wanda yake iya canza fasalin sa (kankane), idan halin hakan ya nema. A wata 'yar karamar barazana, chinchilla a sauƙaƙe za ta zame cikin ƙananan ƙananan raƙuman ruwa. Hakanan, daya daga cikin siffofin na musamman shine cewa dabbar bata da gland, saboda haka baya fitar da wani wari.
Ina chinchilla take?
Photo: Dabba chinchilla
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, kawai nahiyar da chinchillas ke da madawwama a cikin daji ita ce Kudancin Amurka, ko kuma a ce, tsaunukan Andes da Cordilleras ne. Dabbobi sun zauna daga Argentina zuwa Venezuela. Manyan tsaunukan Andes sune ginshiƙin chinchillas, inda suke hawa sama da kilomita 3 a tsayi.
Pusananan ƙaura suna rayuwa cikin mummunan yanayi, yanayin Spartan, inda iska mai sanyi ke yin kusan kusan duk shekara, a lokacin bazara da rana yanayin zafin jiki bai wuce digiri 23 tare da alamar ƙari ba, kuma sanyin hunturu ya sauka zuwa -35. Ruwan sama a wannan yanki ba safai ake samu ba, don haka chinchillas suna gujewa hanyoyin ruwa, gaba ɗaya an hana su. Bayan ya jike, dabbar zata huce zuwa kasusuwa sosai. Berayen sun fi son tsabtace rigar su ta hanyar wanka a cikin yashi.
Yawancin lokaci chinchilla tana samarda kogonta a kowane irin ƙaramin kogo, kogon dutse, tsakanin duwatsu. Lokaci-lokaci sukan haƙa ramuka don ɓoyewa daga -an damfara masu ɓarna. Sau da yawa chinchillas suna zama ramuka na wasu dabbobi. A cikin daji, yana yiwuwa a sami kaina hadu da chinchilla kawai a cikin Chile. A wasu ƙasashe, kaɗan ne daga cikinsu wanda ba zai yiwu a ga beraye ba. Kuma a cikin Chile, al'ummominsu suna cikin barazana.
Menene chinchilla ke ci?
Photo: Dabba chinchilla
Chinchilla ta fi son abincin tsire, wanda a cikin tsaunukan Andes ba shi da ƙaranci kuma yana da girma.
Babban menu na rodent ya hada da:
- ganye;
- karamin tsiro;
- cactus tsire-tsire (succulents);
- mosses da lichens.
Dabbobi suna karɓar danshi tare da raɓa da tsire-tsire masu kakakus, waɗanda suke da laushi sosai kuma suna da nama. Chinchillas na iya cin bawo, rhizomes na tsire-tsire, 'ya'yan itacen berry, kada ku yi jinkiri da kwari iri-iri. A gida, menu na chinchilla yafi bambanta da kuma daɗi. A shagunan dabbobi, mutane suna sayen abinci na musamman na hatsi. Dabbobin suna son cin ba kawai ciyawar sabo ba, har ma da 'ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri,' ya'yan itace, kayan lambu. Chinchillas ba zai ƙi daga ɓawon burodi ba, busassun 'ya'yan itace da kwayoyi. Beraye suna cin ciyawar da yawa. Abincin cin abinci na chinchillas yayi kama da na zomo ko alade.
A cikin yanayin yanayi, chinchillas ba su da wata matsala ta musamman tare da hanji da ciki. Kodayake suna cin ciyayi da yawa, wasu suna dauke da tannins masu yawa wadanda ke taimakawa abinci ya narke kamar yadda ya kamata. Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa berayen chinchilla suna rayuwa a kan tsaunuka kusa da chinchillas, waɗanda ke yin ɗakunan abinci da abinci a cikin raminsu. Hakanan Chinchillas suna amfani da waɗannan abubuwan adana koyaushe, suna cin abinci na masu hankali da makwabta.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Babban chinchilla
Ba a san abubuwa da yawa game da yanayi da rayuwar chinchillas a cikin yanayin yanayi. A bayyane saboda suna da wahalar haduwa saboda karancin yawansu. Yawancin ra'ayoyi ana yin su ne akan dabbobin da basuda rai suna zaune a gida. Chinchillas sandar girma ce, suna rayuwa cikin garken tumaki, waɗanda a cikinsu akwai aƙalla nau'i biyar, wani lokacin kuma da yawa. Wannan rayuwar ƙungiyar tana taimaka musu da kyau don magance haɗari da makiya daban-daban. Babu wani mutum a cikin garken koyaushe wanda ke lura da mahalli yayin da wasu ke ciyarwa. A wata 'yar barazanar, wannan dabbar tana yiwa wasu sakonnin game da hatsari, suna yin sautin busa da baƙon abu.
Beraye suna aiki sosai da yamma, lokacin da suka fito daga maboyarsu don bincika yankuna don neman abinci. Da rana, dabbobin kusan ba sa barin raminsu da rami, suna hutawa a cikinsu har maraice. Idanun chinchillas suna dacewa da duhu kuma suna gani, duka dare da rana, suna da kyau. Gashinsu mai tsayi da tsinkaye yana taimaka musu yin zirga-zirga a sararin samaniya, wanda, kamar masu jirgi, yana jagorantar su zuwa madaidaiciyar hanya, inda akwai abinci. Kar ka manta game da manyan kunnuwa, waɗanda, kamar masu gano wuri, suna ɗaukar duk wani sautin da ba m. Kayan dabbobi masu kyau suma sun bunkasa sosai, saboda haka suna iya shawo kan kowane tsauni da cikas, suna tafiya cikin hanzari da sauri.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki ita ce cewa shugaban dangin chinchilla koyaushe mace ce, ita ce jagorar da ba a jayayya da ita, ba don komai ba cewa yanayi ya ba ta girma girma idan aka kwatanta da maza.
Dabbobi kusan ba sa ganin ruwan sama, a yankunan da suke zaune, irin wannan hazo yana da wuya. Chinchillas suna wanka tare da tsabtace gashinsu da yashi mai aman wuta, saboda haka beraye suna kawar da ƙamshi kawai, har ma da kowane irin ƙwayoyin cuta masu rayuwa a cikin ulu. Wani fasali mai ban mamaki na chinchilla shine ikon harba gashin kansa, kamar ƙadangare tare da jelarsa. A bayyane, wannan yana taimaka musu a wasu yanayi don tserewa daga masu lalata. Dabbar da ke farautar ta kama gashin gashin chinchilla, kuma wani yanki a cikin hakoransa, yayin da ɗan sandan ya tsere.
Idan muka yi magana game da yanayin waɗannan kyawawan halittu, to, za a iya lura cewa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun chian gida suna da ƙauna da kyawawan halaye, suna iya yin ma'amala da mutane cikin sauƙi. Dabbar tana da wayo, yana da sauki a horar dashi zuwa tire. Duk da haka, kuna iya ganin cewa chinchillas suna da 'yanci da son yanci, bai kamata ku tilasta dabbar ta aikata komai ba, yana iya yin fushi kuma baya sadarwa. Beraye suna cizon da kyar, a cikin mawuyacin hali. Tabbas, kowace dabba mutum ce, tana da halaye da halaye irin nata, saboda haka halayen ma sun banbanta.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Chinchilla a cikin yanayi
Don haka, an riga an faɗi a baya cewa chinchillas dabbobi ne na zamantakewar al'umma waɗanda suka fi so su zauna cikin haɗin gwiwa, inda suke samar da ma'aurata. Wadannan beraye suna da aure guda daya, kungiyoyin su suna da karfi kuma suna da dadewa. Matsayin jagora ba tare da jayayya a cikin iyali ba mace ce ke shagaltar da shi. Mace a shirye take don ci gaba da jinsi lokacin da yakai wata shida, kuma mazan sun fi tsayi, sai a watanni 9 kawai suke balaga. Chinchilla tana haihuwa sau da yawa a shekara (2 - 3).
Lokacin daukar ciki na tsawon watanni uku da rabi. Mace mai ciki takan sami nauyi sosai, kuma yayin haihuwa, gabadaya yakan zama baya aiki. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar jarirai ɗaya ko biyu, da ƙyar - uku. An riga an riga an kafa shi, kwatankwacin iyayensu, an halicci ƙananan halittu. Tun daga haihuwa, yaran sun riga sun sami riga mai laushi, hakora masu kaifi da idanu masu ban sha'awa, har ma sun san motsi.
Yaran suna da nauyin daga 30 zuwa 70 g, ya dogara da yawancin su da aka haifa. Bayan mako guda kawai daga lokacin haihuwa, jarirai suna fara gwada abincin shuka, amma suna ci gaba da karɓar ruwan nono koda na wata biyu. Iyayen Chinchilla suna da matukar kulawa da ƙauna ga 'ya'yansu. Wadannan beraye ana daukar su masu rauni ne idan aka kwatanta su da sauran dangin su. Bugu da kari, a cikin mata mata, haihuwa wata kashi 20 cikin dari kasa da na gogaggen mutane. A cikin shekara, chinchilla ɗaya na iya haihuwa har zuwa ɗiya uku.
Abokan gaba na chinchillas
Hotuna: Chinchilla mace
Chinchillas suna da isassun makiya a cikin daji, saboda duk wani mai farauta mai girma baya damuwa da cin irin wannan karamar dabbar. A matsayinsa na wanda ya fi kowa rashin lafiya, masana kimiyya suka ware kibiyar. Wannan mai farautar ya fi chinchilla girma sosai kuma yana da haƙuri ƙwarai. Kokuwa ba za ta iya fitar da abin kunci a cikin wata karamar hanya ba, amma tana iya gajiya da jira wa abin farautarta a ƙofar mafakarta na tsawon awanni. A cikin daji, ana adana wadannan berayen ta kawunansu, kyawon saurin daukar hankali, saurin motsi da kwarangwal dinsu, wanda godiyarsa ne yasa beraye zasu ratsa kowane guntun gibin da mahauta ba zasu iya wucewa ba.
Baya ga fox, maƙiyin chinchilla na iya zama mujiya, mujiya, taira, mujiya, gyurza. Tyra ita ce babbar abokiyar gaba, tana kama da weasel. Wannan mai farautar, yana da jiki mai larura, na iya yin hanyar kai tsaye cikin rami ko wata mafaka ta chinchilla, ɗaukar mamacin da mamaki. Masu farauta masu fuka-fukai na iya kama chinchillas a cikin buɗaɗɗun wurare, wuraren da ba a kiyaye su.
Chinchillas suna da da yawa marasa fata, amma mafi rahusa daga cikinsu shine mutumin da ke ci gaba da ɓarnata, yana lalata kyawawan dabbobi saboda wata suturar gashi mai daraja.
Baya ga duk waɗannan da ke sama, lalacewar yanayin muhalli, wanda kuma ke haɗuwa da ayyukan ɗan adam, yana shafar dabbobi da mummunan abu.
Anan zaka iya kira:
- gurɓatar ƙasa tare da mahaɗan sunadarai;
- ƙarancin ƙasa da abinci dangane da kiwo;
- damuwa a cikin yanayi saboda fitowar iskar gas.
Mutane, a wasu lokuta, suna tunanin kawai game da fa'idodi ne da jin daɗin kansu, suna mantawa gaba ɗaya game da ƙananan brothersan uwan, waɗanda suke buƙatar, idan ba tallafi ba, to aƙalla rashin tsangwama na mutum a rayuwarsu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Chinchilla
Kamar yadda yake da ban tsoro kamar yadda yake sauti, ana barazanar barazanar yawan chichillas a cikin daji. Akwai tabbaci mai banƙyama cewa yawan dabbobi ya ragu da kashi 90 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata. A cikin 2018, masana kimiyya sun ƙidaya kusan yankunan mulkin mallaka 42 da ke zaune a yankin Kudancin Amurka. Sun yi imanin cewa irin waɗannan dabbobin ba za su isa yawan mutanen su fara ƙaruwa a nan gaba ba.
Idan ka san yadda kudin gashin gashi na kwalliya yake kashewa, kuma wannan ya fi $ 20,000, zai bayyana a fili dalilin da ya sa aka hallaka wannan dabba ba da tsoro ba. Har ila yau ya zama dole a yi la'akari da lokacin da aƙalla fata 100 za a buƙaci don gashin gashi ɗaya.
Turawa sun fara fatauci da fatun chinchilla a cikin ƙarni na 19. Gaskiyar fitar da fata sama da miliyan bakwai daga yankin Chile tsakanin 1828 da 1916 abin tsoro ne, kuma gabaɗaya an cire dabbobi miliyan 21 kuma an lalata su. Abin ban tsoro ne har ma a yi tunani game da irin wannan adadi mai yawa! Gwamnati ta dauki matakai ne kawai a shekarar 1898, lokacin da aka gabatar da dokar hana farauta da fitarwa, amma, ga alama, ya makara.
Kariyar Chinchilla
Hotuna: Chinchilla Red Book
A cikin zamani, yana yiwuwa a haɗu da chinchilla a cikin yanayin daji na yanayi kawai a cikin Chile, da rashin alheri, lambar su na ci gaba da raguwa. Masana kimiyya suna da kusan mutane dubu goma kawai da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin mahalli. Tun shekara ta 2008, wannan dabba an saka ta cikin Littafin Red Book na Duniya a matsayin jinsin da ke cikin hatsari.
Masana ilmin zoooo sun yi ƙoƙari sau da yawa don sauya mutane zuwa yanayin rayuwa mafi sauƙi, amma duk ba su yi nasara ba, kuma babu wani wuri a cikin daji da chinchilla ta sami tushe a cikin daji. Yawan dabbobi na ci gaba da raguwa saboda rashin abinci, gurbatar yanayi da mutane, da kuma farautar farauta ba fasawa.
Yana da ma ban tsoro don tunanin cewa yawan mutanen chinchilla ya ragu daga dubun miliyoyi zuwa dubbai, kuma mu mutane ne abin zargi! Idan aka takaita, yana da kyau a kara da cewa chinchillas suna da kyakkyawar ma'amala, masu dadi, masu kyau da kyau. Kallon su, abune mawuyaci kar ayi murmushi. Rayuwa a gida, zasu iya zama masu aminci na gaske da ƙaunatattun abokai ga masu mallakar su, suna kawo musu halaye masu daɗi da daɗi. Me yasa mutane suma basa zama amintattu kuma amintattu na chinchilla da ke rayuwa cikin mawuyacin hali, daji, yanayin yanayi?
Ranar bugawa: 19.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/16/2019 da karfe 0:06
