Kaguwa irin ƙwaro - wataƙila mafi ƙarancin ƙwaro a Turai da Rasha. Irin wannan shahararrun an kawo shi ta hanyar takamaiman bayyananne da manyan girma. Asalin “ƙahonin” ya ba da sha'awa sosai kuma ya kama ido. Koyaya, tsutsa mai tsutsawa tana da ban sha'awa ba don fitowarta ba kawai. Wannan dabba hakika babu irinta kuma ta cancanci kulawa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: ƙwarƙwara irin ƙwaro
Ana kiran beran bera Lucanus, wanda ke nufin "zama a Lucania". A cikin mahaifarsu, ana amfani dasu azaman layya. Yawancin lokaci, an ba da wannan sunan ga dukkanin jinsin, wanda a yau yana da fiye da nau'in hamsin. Sai kawai a ƙarshen karni na sha tara wani sanannen suna ya bayyana - "stag stag", wanda aka faɗi ta bayyanar halittar dabbar.
Kwarin da ke da kahonnin da ba a saba gani ba shi ne babban wakilin bera a Turai. Na dangin Stag ne. Theahonin ƙwarin suna da ƙarfi sosai, nan da nan suka fita dabam da bayan jikin. Ana iya ganin ƙaramin spikes a saman su. Spikes suna da ƙarshen iyakar waɗanda ke gudana a ciki.
Bidiyo: erwarin ƙwaro
Tsawon namiji yawanci yakan kai santimita takwas, mata suna da rabin rabi - a matsakaita, santimita huɗu. Koyaya, ba a sami mai rikodin gaske ba ba da daɗewa ba a Turkiyya. Tsawonsa ya kai santimita goma. Abin da ake kira ƙahonin ƙwaro ba ƙaho ne ba. Waɗannan an gyara ƙirar babba.
Sun zama silar kariya daga makiya na zahiri, mataimaka wajen samun abinci, ainihin ado na jinsin. Waɗannan jaws ɗin suna da ɗan tataccen ja. Suna iya ma wuce girman dukkan jikin kwari kuma a cikin tashi sama galibi ya fi ƙarfin kirji da ciki. Saboda wannan dalili, tilas beetles su tashi a tsaye.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Bookwaron Baƙi Red Book
Stag beetle shine babban kwari. Jikinsa ya ƙunshi ciki, kirji, kai. Ciki ya rufe ciki gaba daya, kuma ana iya ganin kafafu kafafu uku a kirjin. Idanun dabba suna gefen gefen kai. Tsawon jikin zai iya kaiwa milimita tamanin da biyar tare da ƙaho. Maza ne suke da irin wannan girman. Mata sun fi ƙanƙanta - tsayin jikinsu bai wuce milimita hamsin da bakwai ba.
Mata ba ƙanana kawai ba ne, amma kuma suna da kyau. Basu da babban ado - manyan kaho jajaye. Legafafu, kai, gaban goshin baya, scutellum, ƙasan duka jikin barewar ƙwaro baƙi ne. Haɗuwa da jikin baƙar fata tare da ƙaho jajaye yana sa ƙwarin ƙwaya ba kyau. Yana da wahala ka rikita shi da wani. Maza suna amfani da ƙaho mai ƙarfi don duels tare da wasu wakilan kwari, tare da wasu mazan.
Mata ba sa samun irin waɗannan makamai, don haka suke amfani da kaifafan haƙoransu don kariya. Suna da iko sosai. Mace na iya yin cizo ta hanyar muguwar fata, misali, kamar a yatsun babban mutum. Duk da ingantaccen muƙamuƙin, manyan ƙaho, ƙarfin jiki, ƙwarin barewa ba sa cin abinci cikin ƙoshin lafiya. Ana amfani da duk waɗannan kayan haɗin kawai don kariya idan akwai haɗari.
A ina ne barewar barewa take rayuwa?
Hotuna: ƙwaro mai ƙwaro
Agwaɗan ƙwarya ne kwari gama gari.
Yana zaune a sassa daban-daban na duniya:
- a Turai - daga Sweden zuwa Yankin Balkan. Amma a wasu kasashe, wannan nau'in dabba ya bace. Muna magana ne game da Estonia, Denmark, Lithuania da yawancin Burtaniya;
- a cikin wasu ƙasashe masu zafi - Asiya, Turkiya, Arewacin Afirka, Iran;
- a Rasha. Wannan ƙwaro ya yadu sosai a yankin Turai na ƙasar. An lura da yawan jama'a a cikin yankunan Penza, Kursk, Voronezh. A arewa, an ga beetles a cikin Samara, Pskov, Ryazan da sauran yankuna da yawa;
- a cikin Kirimiya A cikin sashin teku, berarrun beraye suna rayuwa a yankunan tsaunuka da daji;
- a cikin Ukraine. Irin waɗannan kwari suna rayuwa kusan a cikin ƙasar Ukraine. Ana samun mafi yawan jama'a a cikin yankunan Chernigov da Kharkov;
- a Kazakhstan, zaka iya kuma saduwa da kyakkyawan barewa. Bewaro suna rayuwa musamman a cikin dazuzzuka masu gandun daji, gandun daji da kuma kusa da Kogin Ural.
Yanayin ƙasa na yawan barewar ƙwaro yana da alaƙa da asalinsa. Kwarin na daga cikin halittun mesophilic. Irin waɗannan dabbobin sun gwammace su zauna a cikin dazuzzuka, musamman inda itacen oak ke girma. A wannan yanayin, nau'in shafin ba ya taka rawa. Kwari suna zama a sarari da tsaunuka. Lokaci kawai za'a iya samun ƙwaro a cikin gandun daji da aka haɗu da tsofaffin wuraren shakatawa.
A tsakiyar zamanai, a wasu ƙasashe, musamman a Burtaniya, gano gemu da ƙwaro bege alama ce ta rashin da'a. Don haka, masu mallakar ƙasa sun yi imanin cewa wannan kwaron yana ba da alamar mutuwar kusan dukkanin amfanin gona.
Menene barewar ƙwarya take ci?
Photo: barewa irin ƙwaro
Muƙamuƙai masu ƙarfi, ƙaho mai kaifi, ƙarfin jiki yana ba da damar ƙwarin barewa ya ci abinci mai ƙarfi. Koyaya, wakilan wannan nau'in sun fi son cin ruwan itace kawai da sauran tsirrai. Koyaya, kuna buƙatar ƙoƙari ku sami irin wannan abincin. Ruwan itacen bishiyar ba safai yake kwarara da kansa ba. Don samun wani ɓangare na abinci, daɗaɗɗen ƙwaro dole ne ya ɗanɗana bawon bishiyoyi tare da muƙamuƙinsa mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya fito a saman, kwarin sai kawai ya lasar dashi.
Idan dan ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ƙwaro ya koma wata bishiyar ko tsire-tsire mai wadata. Idan akwai wadataccen abinci, to barewar ƙwaro tana fara yin natsuwa. Tashin hankali na ɗabi'a ya dusashe ta baya kuma kwari suna kiwo cikin lumana na wani lokaci a yanki ɗaya. Stag stag shine ainihin abin nema ga masoya masu ban sha'awa. Mutane da yawa suna ajiye waɗannan kwari a gida. Ana amfani da sikari na sikari ko ruwan zuma mai ruwa domin ciyarwa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Stag beetle daga littafin Red
Kuna iya hango ƙwayar katuwar bege mai girma tuni a ƙarshen Mayu. Musamman yawansu yana da yawa a wuraren da itacen oak ke girma. Yayin rana, waɗannan dabbobin suna nuna ƙaramar aiki. Zasu iya zama cikin nutsuwa a bishiya tsawon yini, suna kanduma cikin rana. Don neman abinci, ƙwararan barewa suna fitowa da yamma.
Ba duk ƙwayoyin wannan nau'in ke bin salon rayuwar dare ba, abinci mai gina jiki. Wadanda ke zaune a kudancin Turai sun fi son yin aiki da rana. Sun huta da dare. Kwarin na iya tashi kimanin kilomita uku a rana. Irin waɗannan nisan da maza ke shawo kansu. Mata ba su da ƙarfi, suna motsawa kaɗan.
Tafiyar dawar barewar wuya ke da wuya. Suna tashi sosai da karfi kuma suna yin amo mai ƙarfi yayin gudanar da aikin. Kwari ba su cika yin nasara a ƙasa ba ko kuma wani abin da yake a kwance. Saboda wannan dalili, dole ne su fado daga rassan bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi don tashi. A lokacin jirgin kansa, ana tilasta wa maza su tsaya a tsaye. Wannan saboda girman girman, nauyin ƙaho mai ban sha'awa.
Starfin barewa mai ƙarfi mai saurin yanayi ne. Koyaya, maza ne kawai masu zafin rai. Mata ba sa nuna zaluncinsu ba tare da dalili ba. Maza sukan yi gasa da juna. Maganar "takaddama" na iya zama abinci ko mace. Yayin yakin, abokan hamayyar suna kaiwa juna hari da kaho mai karfi. Tare da taimakonsu, suna ƙoƙari su kori abokan gaba daga itacen.
Duk da ƙarfin ƙahonin ƙwaro, yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin maza ba ya karewa. Ahonin ba sa iya huda jikin ƙwaron ƙwarjin, suna iya cutar kawai. Yaƙin ya ƙare tare da tilasta ɗayan ɗayan ya ba da abinci ko mace ga ɗa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Da barewa
A tsarin zamantakewar jama'a, manyan mukaman jagoranci na maza ne. Maza na iya yin gasa da juna dangane da mace ko abinci.
Za a iya gabatar da tsarin fadada jinsi irin na barewa a cikin matakai:
- Janyo hankalin maza. Mace tana mamakin cigaban halittar. Tana neman wuri mai dacewa a cikin itacen, tana cizon haƙora a haushi don jan hankalin namiji da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Don jaddada aniyar ta, mace ta shimfida mata najasa dama a karkashin haushi.
- Zabar mafi karfi. Mata suna saduwa da maza mafi ƙarfi kawai. Mutane da yawa suna tururuwa zuwa itacen itacen. Koyaya, idan suka ga najasa, sai su manta da abinci kuma su fara gasa a tsakaninsu don mace. Wasu daga ƙwayoyin ƙwaro marasa ƙarfi ana kawar da su da kansu. Mafi ƙarfin hali ne kawai aka bar yaƙin.
- Biyu. Mafi ƙarfi ya zama wanda zai iya kawo duk masu fafatawa a ƙasa. Bayan nasarar, namiji yana saduwa da mace, sannan ya tashi zuwa kasuwancin sa. Sake haifuwa yana faruwa ta hanyar jima'i.
- Kwan ƙwai. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haɗuwa, mace tana yin ƙwai. Don yin wannan, ta zaɓi busasshen kututture, bishiyoyi. A can ƙwai ke haɓaka tsawon wata ɗaya.
- Matasan tsutsa. Tsutsar tsutsar tsuntsu na iya kaiwa santimita ɗaya a tsawon. A yayin ci gaban su, suna ciyar da ƙwayoyin itacen da ya mutu.
- Chrysalis canji. Idan tsutsa zata iya zuwa farfajiyar, to pupa zata fara ci gabanta a karkashin ƙasa. Tsarin yakan fara ne a cikin kaka kuma ya ƙare a cikin bazara.
- Rayuwar balagagge. A lokacin bazara, pupa ya juya ya zama babban barewa. Rayuwar babban mutum yawanci baya wuce wata daya. Amma a dabi'a, akwai kuma masu shekaru ɗari. Rayuwarsu ta aiki wata biyu ne.
Halittan makiya na barewa
Photo: Beetle Deer (barewa)
Agwayoyin barewa galibi suna faɗa a tsakaninsu. Maza suna da halaye irin na yaƙi, suna yaƙi koyaushe don mafi kyawun abinci da mata. Koyaya, irin wannan yaƙe-yaƙe ba ya haifar da babbar barazana ga dabba. Suna ƙare cikin lumana ko kuma da wata 'yar lalacewa. Mostwarorin da ba su da tsaro sosai sun kasance a matakin tsaka-tsalle. Ba za su iya ba da ko da ƙaramar juriya ba. Abokin gaba mafi hatsari ga ƙwaro a wannan lokacin shine ɓoyayyen fata. Maganin scoliosis yana iya gurguntar da wata babbar tsutsa wacce ke da daɗaɗa guda ɗaya. Wasps suna amfani da jikin tsutsa don yin ƙwai.
Manyan barewar barewa suna wahala musamman daga tsuntsaye. Kuraye ne, mujiya, mujiya. Tsuntsaye suna cin abinci a cikin cikunansu kawai. Sauran kwaron na nan daram. Koyaya, babban maƙiyi mafi haɗari ga barewa shine mutane. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, waɗancan kwari masu ƙaunatattun masoya da masu tarawa suna farautar su. Tattara ƙwaro yana haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin lambobinsu har ma da ƙarewa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Stag beetle daga littafin Red
Bugun tsutsa na dabba nau'in hadari ne da ke cikin hatsari. Adadin irin wadannan kwari na raguwa cikin sauri a kowace shekara.
Wannan yana rinjayar da dalilai da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai fitattun abubuwa:
- mummunan yanayi mara kyau ga muhalli. Wannan matsalar ta dace da kowace nahiya. Iska, da ruwa, da ƙasa duk ƙazantattu ne;
- ayyukan gandun daji marasa iko. Yin sare dazuzzuka yana hana berayen bera matsuguni na asali, gida da abinci;
- kasancewar magungunan kashe kwari da sauran magungunan kashe qwari a cikin qasan. Wannan lamarin yana shafar kusan kusan dukkanin kwari;
- sabotage ɗan adam. Ganin kyakkyawar barewa, yana da wuya ka kame kanka daga sha'awar yabawa. Wasu mutane basu tsaya anan ba. Suna kama kwari don nishaɗi ko don tarin kansu. A wasu ƙasashe, ana yin layya da daddare, waɗanda ake sayar da su da kuɗi mai yawa.
Wadannan da ma wasu abubuwan marasa kyau suna saurin rage yawan barewar a fadin duniya. A yau wannan dabba tana cikin haɗari, kuma tana cikin Lissafi. Kuma a cikin 1982, an lafa da barewar a cikin Yarjejeniyar Berne. Don tallafawa nau'ikan dake cikin haɗari a wasu ƙasashe, ƙwaron begen ya zaɓi fiye da sau ɗaya ta kwarin shekara.
Garkuwa irin ƙwaro
Photo: barewa irin ƙwaro
An jero da ƙwaron ƙwaro a cikin littafin Red Book na jihohi da yawa, galibi na Turai. A cikin wasu daga cikinsu an ayyana ta a matsayin nau'in da ya mutu, misali a Denmark. Doka tana da kariya daga doka a cikin Rasha, Kazakhstan, Burtaniya, Spain da sauran jihohi da yawa. Masana kimiyya a kasashe da dama sun damu matuka game da kaifi da tsawan lokaci da ake samu na yawan berar dawa, saboda haka, suna daukar matakai daban-daban don kiyaye halittar.
Don haka, a cikin Burtaniya, Ukraine da Spain, an gabatar da shirye-shirye na musamman don nazarin ƙwarin barewar. Kungiyoyin sa ido suna nazarin yawaitar dalla-dalla, suna bin hanyoyin yaduwar kwarin. A cikin Rasha, an samar da kyakkyawan yanayi don mazaunin berar barewa a cikin wasu keɓaɓɓu. A can, jihar tana kiyaye wannan nau'in.
A wasu ƙasashe, ana yin aikin kai bishara tare da yawan jama'a. Musamman irin waɗannan matakan ana ɗauka dangane da samari. An girka su cikin ingantaccen ilimin muhalli. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, yawancin jihohi sun fara iyakance faɗuwar tsohuwar gandun daji da itacen oak. Su ne mafi kyawun yanayi don rayuwa da kuma hayayyafar ƙwaron bera. Kaguwa irin ƙwaro - kwari mai kyau, wanda ba a saba gani ba, wanda ya bambanta da yanayin sa mai haske da kuma manyan girma. Agwaran barewa suna gab da halaka, saboda haka, suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da kariya daga jihar.
Ranar bugawa: 13.02.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 25.09.2019 a 13:24
