Babban jerboa dabba ce mai ban mamaki da aka sani da salon salo na musamman. Wani sunan ga dabba shine kuregen ƙasa. Wadannan dabbobin sune mafi girma a cikin dukkanin nau'in jerboa da ake dasu. Dabbar ta bambanta ta hanyar taka tsantsan, tsoro da kuma jagorantar ɓoyayyen salon rayuwa. Dangane da wannan, da yawa ba sa ma tunanin wace irin dabba ce, da yadda take kama.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Babban jerboa
Babban jerboa yana daga tsarin rodentia na rodents kuma memba ne na dangin jerboa mai yatsu biyar. Dangane da bayanan tarihi, kakannin jerboas na zamani sun mamaye duniya kusan tun farkon farkon daidaitawarta. An tabbatar dashi a kimiyance cewa a lokacin Oligocene sun riga sun wanzu a duniyarmu, kuma wannan shine shekaru miliyan 33 - 24 da suka gabata!
Mai yiwuwa, tsoffin magabatan jerboas daga yankin Asiya sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin Arewacin Afirka, da Turai. A yau, kusan babu wakilan wannan nau'in a cikin Turai. A waje, jerboas suna kama da ƙananan beraye. A dabi'a, akwai kusan dozin biyar na waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabba babba jerboa
A waje, manyan jerboas suna kama da berayen filaye, hares, da kangaroos. Suna da babban, zagaye kai da gajeriyar wuya wacce take aiki da ita kusan. Hannun dabba yana da zagaye, dan tsayi. Tana da manya manya, manya-manya, bakake idanu da hanci a cikin fasalin faci.
Akwai dogon tsayi, masu tsananin wuya game da kuncin. Vibrises an tsara su don ƙayyade yanayin hanyar, suna aiki azaman nau'in firikwensin motsi. Wani fasalin babban jerboas shine babban, kunnuwa masu tsayi, saboda su ake kiransu hares na ƙasa. Kunnen Dinah yakai santimita 5-7.
Bidiyo: Babban jerboa
Hakanan, wannan nau'in dabba ana rarrabe shi da ƙarfi, haɓaka jaws mai hakora 16 ko 18. Ana amfani da dasassu don nika abinci da kuma sassauta ƙasa lokacin haƙawa.
Girman jikin baligi:
- Tsawon jiki - santimita 18-27;
- Jima'i ya bayyana a fili: maza sun fi mata girma;
- Tsawon jelar ya ninka girman jiki sau ɗaya da rabi kuma ya zama santimita 24-30;
- Nauyin jiki bai wuce gram ɗari uku ba;
- Dogon, siririn wutsiya yana yin muhimmin aiki na daidaita yayin gudu. A ƙarshen wutsiyar akwai fure mai taushi, mafi yawanci fari. Wutsiya kuma itace kantin mai na jiki. Suna taimaka wa dabbobi su tsira daga hunturu.
Gaban goshin dabba gajere ne. Legsafafun baya sun fi na ƙafafun gaba yawa. Girman su ya ninka girman ƙafafun gaba sau 3-4. Jananan jerboas suna da ƙafa masu ƙarfi sosai saboda gaskiyar cewa suna tafiya ne kawai a ƙafafunsu na baya. Tsawon kafa ya kai santimita goma. Gabobin hannu biyar ne. Yatsun farko da na biyar ba su ci gaba ba. Kasusuwa uku na tsakiya a yatsun sun girma wuri daya, wanda ake kira tarsus. Yatsun suna da dogon fika.
Rigar dabbar tana da kauri da taushi, yana da launin rawaya, launin toka, dangane da yankin mazaunin sa. Yankin kunci ya fi akwati haske. A wasu mutane, yankin kunci kusan fari ne. A saman farfajiyar bayan kafafu akwai wani haske mai tsallake ulu.
A ina ne babban jigon yake zaune?
Hoto: Babban Jar Jajare Red Book
Wannan wakilin gidan dangi mai biyar-biyar yana zaune a yankuna masu tarko. Shekaru ɗari da suka wuce, waɗannan dabbobin sun rayu tun daga yamma da Yukren har zuwa yankin ƙasar China mai cin gashin kansa. Zuwa yau, mazaunin dabba ya ragu sosai saboda lalata yankuna na halitta da mazauninsu suka yi.
Yankunan yanki na rarraba babbar jerboa:
- yankin gabashin Turai;
- Kazakhstan;
- yankunan Yammacin Siberia;
- kafar dutsen Tien Shan;
- ƙafafun tsaunukan Caucasian;
- yankuna na arewacin gabar Bahar Maliya;
- yankuna na arewacin Tekun Caspian;
- kafar duwatsun Altai.
Yankin steppes da gandun daji-zaba an zaɓi matsayin wurare don zama. Sun kauda noma, kasar noma. A cikin irin waɗannan yankuna, jerboas ba za su iya ƙirƙirar cikakken gida don kansu ba. Fi son wurare tare da ƙasa mai wuya. Hakanan, zaku iya samun babban jerboa a cikin yankunan bakin ruwa na jikin ruwan gishiri, kogin steppe. Yanke wuri a cikin tsaunuka halayya ce. Kowane mutum na iya hawa zuwa tsayin mita dubu da rabi sama da matakin teku.
Manyan jerboas suna son yankuna masu faɗi tare da ciyayi iri ɗaya, makiyaya, gandun daji na bishiyoyi. Ana ɗaukarsu dabbobi marasa daɗi ne dangane da yanayi da yanayi, da kuma yanayin yanayi.
Menene babban jerboa yake ci?
Hotuna: Babban jerboa
Manyan jerboas ana ɗauke da shuke-shuke. Abin lura ne cewa bayyanar wutsiya tana shaida yawan abinci, yanayin lafiya da ƙiba. Idan jelar ta kasance siririya kuma ana ganin kashin baya sosai, dabbar tana da rauni kuma tana rayuwa kusan daga hannu zuwa baki. Idan jelar ta zama zagaye kuma an wadatar da ita sosai, dabbar ba ta fuskantar rashin abinci. Kowace rana, dabbar tana buƙatar cin abinci aƙalla gram 50-70 na abinci, ya dogara da nauyi.
Tushen abincin babban jigon shine:
- Hatsi;
- Tsutsayen kwari;
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
- Tsaba;
- Tushen nau'ikan ciyayi.
Abin lura ne cewa waɗannan ƙananan dabbobin basa shan ruwa. Suna cinye adadin da ake buƙata na ruwa daga ciyayi. Jerboas suna da ikon yin tafiya mai nisa don neman abinci. Suna motsawa gaba ɗaya tare da hanyoyin da aka bincika a baya. Mai iya tafiya har zuwa kilomita goma. Dabbobi suna son cin abinci a kan albasa gishiri, shuka wake, ɗanɗano mai laushi, kankana, kankana.
Dabbobi ba sa son abinci sosai. Idan babu abubuwan da aka fi so, za su iya cin kusan duk abin da ya zo musu.
Ana ɗaukar su wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na kewayon yanayin da suke rayuwa. Suna rarraba tsaba a cikin yankin motsi, suna sarrafa adadin kwari a cikin wannan yankin. Koyaya, a lokaci guda, suna iya zama masu ɗaukar cututtukan cututtuka masu haɗari. Abinci zai iya bambanta sosai dangane da yanayi. A lokacin bazara, sun fi son cin harbe-harben samari, ciyawar koren ciyawa. Idan akwai wuraren noma a kusa, sai su tona gonakin don neman tsaba da aka sa a ƙasa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Babban jerboa (kurege na ƙasa)
Babban jerboa dabba ne tilo. Suna yawan yin aiki da daddare. Da rana, galibi suna ɓoyewa a cikin mafaka da aka yi - minks. Ba kasafai suke barin su a lokutan hasken rana ba. Burbar Jerboa suna wakiltar titunan da ke kwance mita 5-6 tsawo. A ƙarshen corridor akwai kari a cikin hanyar ɗakin kwana.
A yankunan arewa, galibi ana mamaye gidajen gofer. An tantance zurfin matsugunin ne ta hanyar yanayi. A lokacin rani da damuna ana haƙa raƙuka a zurfin santimita 50-110, a cikin hunturu - santimita 140-220. Da rana, dabbobi sukan rufe ƙofar masaukinsu da ƙasa. Dogon rami yana da ƙofofin shiga da yawa waɗanda suka buɗe kusan a saman duniya.
Babban mahimmin rawar da ake takawa a ginin matsuguni shine masu kutse na gaba. Gabobin hannu suna yin aikin taimako. Exasa da aka haƙo tana motsawa tare da hanci, kamar yadda yake a aladu. Babban jerboas hibernate. Suna ɓoye a cikin burrow don ɓoyewa tare da farkon yanayin sanyi da farkon sanyi. Hijira ta ƙare a ƙarshen Maris.
Kayan mai da ke tattare a yankin wutsiya yana ba da damar canja wurin lokacin hunturu. A wannan lokacin, wasu mutane suna rasa kusan kashi 50% na nauyin jikinsu. Abin lura ne cewa bayan farkawa, ana saukar da kunnuwan dabbobi. Suna tashi ne kawai lokacin da aka dawo da zagawar jini da sautin tsoka.
Jerboas yakan yi rayuwa ta kadaici. Abin lura ne cewa suna da tushe sosai a cikin bauta. Lamarin gida ya zama gama gari, kuma wani lokacin mutum yana da mutum biyu ko sama da haka waɗanda suke jituwa da juna. Jerboas na motsawa gaba ɗaya a ƙafafun kafa na baya. Suna gudu a sandar, zasu iya motsawa, suna turawa tare da ɗayan da sauran ƙananan gabobin. A lokaci guda, wutsiya tana riƙe daidaituwa kuma tana aiki azaman abin nadi. Jerboas suna iya gudu da sauri sosai.
Ana ɗaukar su daga cikin masu gudu mafi sauri. Suna haɓaka saurin zuwa 50 km / h, kuma suna iya gudu a wannan saurin fiye da kilomita biyu. Hali ne cewa manyan jerboas sune zakara a tsalle tsalle. Tare da haɓakar su, suna tsalle zuwa mita uku a tsayi, wanda ya wuce tsayin jikin su da kusan sau goma. Dabbobi a dabi'ance suna da kyakkyawan ji da ƙamshi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Dabba babba jerboa
Lokacin aure yana farawa da ƙarshen rashin nutsuwa. Farkon wannan lokacin ana ɗaukarsa ƙarshen Maris, farkon Afrilu. Lokacin aure yana kasancewa har zuwa kaka. Jerboas suna da ikon bada zuriya har sau uku a shekara a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi. Wannan haihuwa tana ba da damar saurin dawo da yawan mutanen da ke cikin hatsari a wasu yankuna. Ciki yana ɗaukar wani gajeren lokaci - kwanaki 25-27. Mace daya tana iya haihuwa daga jarirai 1 zuwa 6-7. Mafi sau da yawa, zuriya suna bayyana a cikin bazara.
San farin sun shafe farkon ɗaya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu a cikin gida tare da iyayensu. A ƙarshen wannan lokacin, sun fara yin rayuwa mara kyau. Kurubawa sun fahimci cewa lokaci yayi da zasu rabu da iyayensu yayin da mace ta zama mai zafin rai kuma ba ta damu da su ba. Alamar irin wannan halayyar ita ce rashin sarari a cikin burrow, tare da mahimmin ƙaruwa cikin nauyin zuriyar. Mutanen da suka kai watanni 5-7 da haihuwa ana ɗaukar su balaga. Mace tana ɗaukar nauyin kulawa da zuriyar.
Mata suna shirya wurin haifuwa ta hanyar haƙa rami daban. Kubiyoni ana haihuwarsu gaba daya marasa taimako. Ba su ganin komai, sun rasa gashi. A waje, suna kama da beraye.
Abokan gaba na babban jigon
Hotuna: Babban jerboa
A cikin yanayin yanayi, waɗannan ƙananan berayen suna da abokan gaba da yawa.
Abokan gaba a cikin yanayin yanayi:
- Dabbobi masu rarrafe;
- Macizai;
- Tsuntsaye masu farauta;
- Wasu nau'ikan kadangaru;
- Wolves;
- Lynx;
- Foxes.
Duk da cewa jerboas suna rayuwa cikin ɓoyayyiyar rayuwa, kuma suna fitowa ne da daddare, galibi suna zama ganima ga masu farauta. Babban haɗari ga jerboas yana wakiltar macizai, da mujiya, waɗanda ke farauta galibi cikin dare. Ana rarrabe ƙwayoyi ta hanyar kyakkyawan ji da ƙanshin ƙanshi. Godiya ga wannan, suna iya fahimtar haɗari yayin da yake da nisa. Da jin barazanar, sai dabbobin suka yi saurin gudu. Gidajen keɓaɓɓun ma'adanai na musamman suna taimaka musu don guje wa haɗari.
Ayyukan ɗan adam yana saurin rage yawan dabbobin. Ci gaban yankuna da lalata mahalli na haƙora yana haifar da lalata dabbobi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Babban ɗan jariri
Gaba ɗaya, ba za a iya cewa jinsin beraye na gab da ƙarewa ba. Koyaya, a cikin ƙasashen Rasha da Ukraine, kusan an hallaka waɗannan dabbobin. A cikin yankuna da yawa na Rasha, babban jerboa an lasafta shi a cikin Red Book: Moscow, Lipetsk, Tambov, Nizhny Novgorod yankuna. An sanya shi matsayin nau'in mai rauni.
Tsare babban jirgi
Hotuna: Babban Jar Jajare Red Book
Domin kiyaye jinsin, ana ci gaba da tsara wasu matakai don kara yawan mutane. A cikin yankuna inda rodent yake zaune, an jera shi a cikin Red Book. Prohibitedaddamar da yankuna, yin hucin ƙasa, kiwo na dabbobi an haramta a wannan yankin.
Babban jerboa dauke da dabba mai ban mamaki. Mutane da yawa sun sami nasarar fara su a gida. Da sauri suna saba da sababbin yanayi kuma suna zama masu ƙima.
Ranar bugawa: 13.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 16.09.2019 a 14:22
