Kifin coelacanth shine mafi kusancin alakar da ke tsakanin kifi da halittun farko masu ban tsoro wadanda suka canza sheka daga teku zuwa kasa a zamanin Devonian kimanin shekaru miliyan 408-362 da suka gabata. A da anyi zaton cewa dukkan nau'ikan sun bace tun shekaru aru-aru, har sai da masunta daga Afirka ta Kudu suka kama daya daga cikin wakilan ta a shekarar 1938. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana ci gaba da nazarin su, kodayake har zuwa yau har yanzu akwai sauran sirrikan da ke tattare da kifin coelacanth na zamanin da.
Bayanin coelacanth
Coelacanth ya bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 350 da suka gabata kuma ana tsammanin suna da yawa a yawancin duniya.... Tsawon lokaci, an yi amannar cewa sun bace tun kimanin shekaru miliyan 80 da suka gabata, amma a cikin 1938 an kama wani wakilin jinsin da ran a cikin Tekun Indiya kusa da kudancin kudancin Afirka.
A farkon karni na 20, an riga an san su sosai daga tarihin burbushin halittu, kungiyarsu tana da girma kuma ta banbanta a lokacin Permian da Triassic (shekaru miliyan 290-208 da suka wuce). A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, aikin ci gaba a kan Tsibirin Comoro (wanda ke tsakanin nahiyar Afirka da arewacin ƙarshen Madagascar) ya haɗa da gano wasu ƙarin daruruwan samfuran da masunta suka kama a ƙugiya. Amma, kamar yadda kuka sani, ba a ma nuna su a kasuwanni ba, tunda ba su da darajar abinci mai gina jiki (naman coelacanth bai dace da cin ɗan adam ba).
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata tun lokacin da aka gano wannan abin ban mamaki, binciken da ke cikin teku ya samar wa duniya da ƙarin bayani game da waɗannan kifayen. Don haka, ya zama sananne cewa su mutane ne masu rauni, halittun dare wadanda suke yin yawancin ranar suna hutawa a cikin kogo cikin rukunin mutane 2 zuwa 16. Wurin da aka saba gani kamar gangare ne na duwatsu, wanda gida yake a zurfin mita 100 zuwa 300. A lokacin farauta da daddare, suna iya yin iyo kamar kilomita 8 don neman abinci kafin su sake komawa cikin kogon zuwa ƙarshen dare. Kifin yana haifar da salon rayuwa mara saurin gaggawa. Hatsari ne kawai kwatsam zai iya tilasta mata ta yi amfani da ƙarfin wutsiyar wutarta don kaɗan tsalle daga wani wuri.
A cikin shekarun 1990, an tattara ƙarin samfurai a gefen kudu maso yamma na ƙasar Madagascar da kuma kusa da tsibirin Sulawesi a Indonesia, bayanan DNA da ke kai ga amincewa da nau'ikan na Indonesiya a matsayin jinsinsu daban. Bayan haka, an kama coelacanth a gabar Kenya, kuma an sami wasu mutane daban a cikin Sodwana Bay da ke kusa da gabar Afirka ta Kudu.
Har zuwa yanzu, ba a san da yawa game da wannan kifin mai ban mamaki ba. Amma tetrapods, colacanth, da kifin jijiyoyin jiki an daɗe da sanin su a matsayin dangin juna, duk da cewa yanayin dangantakar waɗannan rukunonin uku yana da matukar rikitarwa. An bayar da wani cikakken labari mai ban mamaki game da gano wadannan "burbushin halittu" masu rai a cikin Kifin da aka Kama a Lokaci: Binciken Coelacanth.
Bayyanar
Coelacanth ya sha bamban da sauran kifayen da aka sani a halin yanzu. Suna da karin fenti a wutsiya, haɗe da ƙafafun ƙafafu da ƙashin baya wanda ba shi da cikakken ci gaba. Coelacanth sune dabbobin da kawai ke rayuwa a halin yanzu tare da cikakken hadin gwiwar tsakar gida. Yana wakiltar layin da ya raba kunne da kwakwalwa daga idanun hanci. Haɗin tsakanin tsakanin mutane yana ba da damar tura ƙananan muƙamuƙi kawai, amma don ɗaga sama da muƙamuƙin sama yayin farauta, wanda ke sauƙaƙa sauƙin ɗaukar abinci. Ofaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fasalin coelacanth shine cewa ya haɗu da fika-fikai, tsari da yanayin motsinsu yayi kama da fasalin tsarin hannun mutum.
Coelacanth yana da kwazazzabai guda huɗu, an maye gurbin maɓallan gill ta faranti masu juyayi, wanda tsarinsa yayi kama da ƙashin haƙori na ɗan adam. Kan yana tsirara, an buɗe faɗakarwa ta baya, ƙananan muƙamuƙi suna da faranti guda biyu waɗanda aka soke su, haƙoran suna masu daɗi, an saita su a faranti na ƙashi da ke haɗe da murfin.
Sikeli suna da girma kuma suna da girma, suna kama da tsarin haƙori na ɗan adam. Bladder na iyo yana da tsawo kuma an cika shi da mai. Cikin hanjin coelacanth sanye take da bawul karkace. A cikin kifin baligi, kwakwalwa ba ta da ƙima ƙwarai, tana zaune kusan kashi 1 cikin ɗari na rami na ƙwanƙwasa; sauran ya cika da mai mai kama da gel. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a cikin mutanen da ba su balaga ba kwakwalwa tana ɗaukar kusan 100% na ramin da aka ba su.
A lokacin rayuwa, kifin yana da launin jiki - mai launin shuɗi mai duhu, kai da jiki an rufe su da fari mara kyau ko kuma launuka masu ɗaci. Tsarin tabo na mutum ne ga kowane wakili, wanda ke ba da damar rarrabe tsakanin su yayin kirgawa. Bayan mutuwa, launin shuɗi na jiki ya ɓace, kifin ya zama launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko baƙi. Jumlar dimorphism ana furtawa tsakanin coelacanths. Mace ta fi ta maza girma sosai.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Da rana, coelacanth "yana zaune" a cikin kogo cikin rukunin kifaye 12-13... Su dabbobin dare ne. Celacanths na rayuwa mai zurfin gaske, wanda ke taimaka wajan amfani da makamashi ta fuskar tattalin arziƙi (an yi imanin cewa kumburinsu yana raguwa a zurfin), kuma yana yiwuwa kuma a haɗu da ƙananan masu cin abincin. Bayan faduwar rana, waɗannan kifin sun bar kogonsu kuma suna tafiya a hankali a ƙetaren mashigar, mai yiwuwa don neman abinci tsakanin mita 1-3 na ƙasan. A yayin wannan farautar farautar dare, coelacanth na iya iyo kamar kilomita 8, bayan haka, da wayewar gari, ya nemi mafaka a cikin kogo mafi kusa.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Yayin neman wanda aka azabtar ko kuma motsawa daga wannan kogon zuwa wancan, coelacanth yana tafiya a hankali, ko ma a hankali yana tafiya zuwa kasa, ta yin amfani da kwalliyar da take amfani da shi wajen gyara yanayin jikin a sararin samaniya.
Coelacanth, saboda keɓaɓɓen tsari na fika-fikai, yana iya rataye kai tsaye a sarari, ciki sama, ƙasa ko juye. Da farko, anyi kuskuren yarda cewa zata iya tafiya a ƙasan. Amma coelacanth ba ya amfani da fikafikan ƙafafunsa don tafiya tare da ƙasan, kuma ko da hutawa ne a cikin kogo, ba ya taɓa alamar. Kamar yawancin kifin da ke tafiya a hankali, coelacanth zai iya kwance ba zato ba tsammani ko kuma ya hanzarta yin iyo tare da motsin da yake da shi.
Har yaushe coelacanth yake rayuwa
A cewar rahotanni da ba a tabbatar ba, mafi yawan shekarun kifin coelacanth ya kai kimanin shekaru 80. Waɗannan su ne kifaye na gaskiya na tsawon rai. Zai yuwu cewa rayuwa mai zurfin gaske, wacce aka auna ta taimaka musu su ci gaba da rayuwa tsawon wannan lokaci kuma su rayu dubunnan daruruwa, wanda zai basu damar amfani da mahimman karfinsu kamar yadda ya kamata a cikin tattalin arziki, tserewa daga masu cin karensu ba babbaka kuma suke rayuwa cikin yanayin zafin jiki mai kyau.
Jinsunan Coelacanth
Coelacanth suna ne na gama gari ga jinsuna biyu, Komaran da Indonesiya coelacanth, waɗanda sune kawai nau'ikan rayayyun halittu waɗanda a da suka kasance manyan iyali tare da sama da nau'in 120 da suka rage a cikin shafukan tarihin.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Wannan jinsin, wanda aka fi sani da "burbushin halittu", ana samun sa a cikin Tekun Indo-Western Pacific da ke kusa da Greater Comoro da Tsibirin Anjouan, gaɓar tekun Afirka ta Kudu, Madagascar da Mozambique.
Nazarin yawan jama'a ya ɗauki shekaru da yawa... Wani samfurin Coelacanth, wanda aka kama a cikin 1938, daga ƙarshe ya haifar da gano adadin farko da aka rubuta, wanda yake a cikin Comoros, tsakanin Afirka da Madagascar. Koyaya, tsawon shekaru sittin ana ɗaukarsa shi kaɗai mazaunin coelacanth.
Yana da ban sha'awa!A 2003, IMS ta haɗu tare da aikin Coelacanth na Afirka don tsara ƙarin bincike. Ranar 6 ga Satumbar, 2003, binciken farko da aka kama a kudancin Tanzania a Songo Mnar, wanda ya sa Tanzania ta zama ƙasa ta shida da ke yin rikodin coelacanth.
A ranar 14 ga Yulin 2007, masunta daga Nungwi, arewacin Zanzibar sun kama wasu da yawa. Masu bincike daga Cibiyar Zanzibar ta Kimiyyar Ruwa (IMS), karkashin jagorancin Dakta Nariman Jiddawi, ba tare da bata lokaci ba suka isa wurin don gano kifin a matsayin Latimeria chalumnae.
Abincin coelacanth
Bayanan lura suna tallafawa ra'ayin cewa wannan kifin ya yi ta shawagi ya yi cizo da gangan a wani ɗan gajeren nesa, ta amfani da muƙamuƙansa masu ƙarfi lokacin da wanda aka azabtar ya isa. Dangane da abun cikin mutanen da aka kama, ya zamana cewa coelacanth aƙalla wani ɓangare yana ciyar da wakilan dabbobi daga ƙasan tekun. Abun dubawa kuma ya tabbatar da sigar game da kasancewar aikin aikin lantarki na sassan jikin mutum a cikin kifi. Wannan yana basu damar gane abubuwa a cikin ruwa ta hanyar wutan lantarki.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Saboda zurfin mazaunin teku na waɗannan kifaye, ba a san komai game da yanayin halittar jinsin. A yanzu haka, a bayyane ya ke cewa coelacanths kifi ne mai rayarwa. Kodayake a baya anyi imani cewa kifin na samar da kwai wanda tuni namiji ya hadu dashi. Wannan hujja ta tabbatar da kasancewar ƙwai a cikin matar da aka kama. Girman ƙwai ɗaya ya kai girman ƙwallon tanis.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Mace dayawa takan haihu 8 zuwa 26 a rai lokaci daya. Girman ɗayan jariran coelacanth ya fara daga santimita 36 zuwa 38. A lokacin haihuwa, sun riga suna da hakora, ƙira da sikeli masu kyau.
Bayan haihuwa, kowane ɗayan yana da babban, jakar yolk jaka a haɗe a kan nono, wanda ke ba shi abinci mai gina jiki yayin ciki. A cikin matakan ci gaba na gaba, lokacin da wadatar gwaiduwa ta ƙare, jakar kwai ta waje tana bayyana kamar an matse ta kuma ta shiga cikin ramin jiki.
Lokacin haihuwar mace ya kai kimanin watanni 13. Don haka, ana iya ɗauka cewa mata na iya haihuwa kawai a kowace shekara ta biyu ko ta uku.
Makiya na halitta
Ana daukar sharks abokan gaba na coelacanth.
Darajar kasuwanci
Kifin Coelacanth bai dace da cin ɗan adam ba... Koyaya, kamun nasa ya daɗe yana zama matsala ta gaske ga masanan ilimin kimiyyar halittu. Masunta, da ke son jawo hankalin masu siye da yawon buɗe ido, sun kama shi don ƙirƙirar kyawawan dabbobi don tarin keɓaɓɓu. Wannan ya haifar da lahani ga mutane. Saboda haka, a halin yanzu, an cire coelacanth daga canjin kasuwancin duniya kuma an lasafta shi a cikin Littafin Ja.
Masunta na Tsibirin Greater Comoro sun kuma sanya haramcin son rai kan kamun kifi a wuraren da coelacanth (ko “gombessa” kamar yadda aka san su a gida) suke, masu mahimmanci don ceton dabbobin da ba su da kyau a ƙasar. Manufar ceton coelacanth ya hada da rarraba kayan masunta a tsakanin masunta a yankunan da basu dace da mazaunin coelacanth ba, tare da ba ku damar dawo da kifin da aka kama ba zato ba tsammani zuwa muhallinsu. Akwai alamu masu karfafa gwiwa kwanan nan cewa yawan
Comoros yana gudanar da sa ido sosai akan dukkan kifayen da ke akwai na wannan nau'in. Latimeria suna da ƙima ta musamman ga duniyar kimiyyar zamani, wanda zai baka damar maido da hoton duniyar da ta wanzu miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata. Godiya ga wannan, har ila yau ana ɗaukar coelacanth a matsayin jinsin mafi ƙima don nazari.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
An saka kifin kamar yadda yake cikin haɗari cikin jerin ja. Lissafin Red IUCN ya ba kifin coelacanth matsayin Matsalar Barazana. Latimeria chalumnae an jera shi azaman Haɗari (Categarin Na'urar I) a ƙarƙashin CITES.
A yanzu haka babu wani ƙididdigar gaske na yawan coelacanth... Girman yawan jama'a yana da wahalar gaske idan aka yi la'akari da mahalli mai zurfin mazaunin. Akwai bayanan da ba a yi rajista ba wadanda ke nuna raguwar mutane Comoros a cikin shekarun 1990. Wannan raguwar da ba ta dace ba ya faru ne saboda shigar da kifi cikin layin masunta da ke farautar wasu nau'in kifaye masu zurfin teku. Kamawa (duk da cewa ba zato ba tsammani) na mata a matakin haihuwar yara yana da haɗari musamman.
