Linnet, ko repola (Carduelis cannabina) karamar ƙaramar waka ce ta dangin Finch da kuma umarnin Passerine. Abu ne mai matsala a ajiye irin wadannan tsuntsayen a gida, saboda wadannan tsuntsayen ba sa saba wa mutane da kyau. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi tare da sauran tsuntsaye a cikin shimfidar fili da faɗi, Linnet mai son 'yanci yana jin daɗi sosai.
Bayanin Linnet
Girman wannan tsuntsu mai tsaka-tsakin tsaka ne 14-16 cm kawai tare da fikafikan baligi mai girma tsakanin 23-26 cm... Matsakaicin nauyin linnet na iya bambanta tsakanin gram 20-22. Matsakaicin tsawon fikafikan namiji baligi shine 76.5-83.5, kuma na mace bai wuce 71-81 ba. A cikin yankuna da yawa, ana kiran waƙoƙin waƙoƙi abin birgima, kuma a cikin yankin yankin Kharkiv, ana kiran irin waɗannan tsuntsaye firist.
Bayyanar
Wakilan dangin Finch da oda na Passeriformes suna da bakin hagu mai siffar sihiri kuma ba dogo ba. Launin launin baki launin toka ne. Wutsiyar tsuntsun yana da launi kalar baki tare da iyakoki fari mai bayyane. Kan Linnet launi ne mai launin toka, kuma akwai jan tabo a goshin. An yi wa makogwaron tsuntsu ado da farin yadi. Idanuwan kasa-kasa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Babban banbanci daga rabe-raben yanki shine kasancewar makogwaro mai haske tare da yawa da ƙananan fata, kazalika da wutsiyar sama mai haske, wacce launuka masu launin ruwan kasa basa haɗuwa kwata-kwata.
Yankin kirji na manya maza an rufe shi da jan jan jini, kuma a cikin samari tsuntsaye da mata, jan sautin ba ya nan, saboda haka an rufe kirjin da gashin fuka-fuka. Kafafun Linnet sun fi tsayi, tare da halayyar launin ruwan kasa. Equippedananan yatsun hancin tsuntsayen suna sanye da ƙusoshin hannu. Fuka-fukan jirgin baƙi ne masu launi tare da farin iyaka.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Linnet mazaunin yanayin al'adu ne. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen sukan zauna cikin shukokin lambu, shinge, kuma su zauna a cikin dazuzzuka da bishiyoyi. Tsuntsayen da suka manyanta sukan fi son harbe-harbe a cikin ciyawar daji da gefuna. Tsuntsayen da ke yin ƙaura kawai a yankin kudu na rabe-raben rarraba su suna jagorantar ƙauracewa ko salon zama.
Da farkon bazara, wakilan mawaƙa na dangin Finches da odar Passeriformes sun isa da wuri, kusan Maris ko a cikin kwanaki goma na farkon Afrilu, bayan haka suna fara nesting mai aiki sosai. Wakar Linnet ta kasance mai rikitarwa, amma mai kida, wacce ta kunshi abubuwa daban-daban, akasarin maganganu na cacar baki, hade da chiri, bushe-bushe, da fasawa, suna bin juna cikin tsari mara iyaka. Duk abubuwan waƙar Linnet suna da zane.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, mazajen Linnet ba sa raira waƙa su kaɗai, saboda haka tsuntsaye da yawa suna waƙa tabbas za su kasance a ɗan taƙaitaccen lokaci ɗaya.
Linnet maza suna raira waƙa yayin zaune a bishiyoyi ko saman bishiyoyi, a kan shinge, gine-gine da wayoyi. A wannan yanayin, maza a halayyar ɗabi'a suna ɗaga ƙirar a kansu kuma suna juyawa daga wannan gefe zuwa wancan. Lokaci-lokaci namiji na iya yin sama sama da wata waka sama sama, kuma bayan zagaye biyu ko uku tsuntsun yakan shirya baya.
Lokacin raira waƙa yana kasancewa daga farkon isowa zuwa lokacin tashi, kuma ana lura da mafi girman aiki a cikin lokutan pre-nest and nest lokutan. Autumn hijirar tsuntsaye na faruwa a ƙarshen Satumba da Oktoba.
Nawa linnet ke rayuwa
Ananan tsuntsayen da ke da doguwar jela ba sa cikin masu dogon rai tsakanin tsuntsaye, amma matsakaicin ransu a cikin yanayin yanayi ya kai kimanin shekaru tara. A cewar masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu, a cikin bauta, amma tare da kulawa mai kyau, irin wadannan dabbobin fuka-fukai na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru goma zuwa goma sha.
Jima'i dimorphism
A lokacin bazara, jinin jikin namiji a kan rawanin, yankin gaba da kirji yana da launi mai ƙarancin karami, kuma a cikin labulen mata babu wani jan launi. Sashin sama na jiki launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma gefuna da ciki farare ne a cikin duka jinsi biyu, amma alamun da aka lissafa na dimorphism na jima'i sun isa sosai don iya rarrabe mata da maza.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yankin Linnet Carduelis cannabina yana wakiltar ko'ina cikin Yammacin Turai daga iyakar arewa. A kudu, ana samun wakilan jinsunan har zuwa Pyrenees, arewacin Italiya, yankin Austria, Romania da Hungary. A gabas, wuraren shakatawa na Linnet sanannu ne kusa da Tyumen.
A bangaren kudanci, wuraren shakatawa suna cikin ƙasan Kobdo da Ilek, kazalika a cikin kwarin Ural na yanzu zuwa kudu zuwa iyakokin Uralsk. Ana samun ƙaramin adadin Linnet a hannun dama na Kogin Volga kusa da Dubovka da Kamyshin. Yayin ƙaura da ƙaura, ana lura da tsuntsayen wannan nau'in a ko'ina cikin arewacin Afirka, kudancin Turai, Caucasus da Transcaucasia, da Asiya ta Tsakiya.
Turkestan Linnet (Linaria cannabina bella) an rarraba daga Asiya orarama da Falasdinu zuwa Afghanistan. A cikin Caucasus, wakilan jinsin sun zauna nesa da tsaunuka, har ma da tuddai na Asiya ta Tsakiya, gida a Tarbagatai da kuma yankin zafin zuciya na Zaisan, galibi a kan dutsen. A kudancin Linnet, sun bazu ko'ina a cikin Semirechye, amma ba tare da ƙauyuka ba. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da yawa a kusa da Dzhambul, tare da tsaunukan Tien Shan zuwa tsaunukan arewacin Tajikistan, Darvaz da Karategin.
Hmp hemp an fi haɓaka shi a cikin yanayin al'adu, gami da shinge, gonaki, da tsire-tsire masu kariya kusa da wuraren da aka horar ko hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Linnets na Turkestan sun guji zama a cikin hunturu sama da tsaunuka, inda yawancin Linnets na hunturu da yawa ke yawo a wannan lokacin.
Muhallan sun hada da shrubs a cikin makiyaya da gefen daji, amma waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa zama a cikin gandun daji masu yawa. Yankin Turkestan Linnet sun fi son busassun duwatsu masu ɗumbin duwatsu tare da bishiyoyi daban-daban masu ƙayoyi, waɗanda barberry, astragalus, meadowsweet da juniper suka wakilta.
Abincin Linnet
Babban abincin da ake amfani da shi na linzami shine hatsi da tsaba iri-iri, amma mafi yawan ciyayi masu ciyayi, gami da burdock, burdock, zobo da doki da hellebore. A cikin ƙananan lambobi, wakilan dangin Finches da oda na Passeriformes suna cin kwari iri-iri.
Sajin da aka ƙyanƙyashe suna ciyar da iyaye ta byan ƙwanƙwaran ƙwaya da ƙwari. Ba a yin nazarin abinci mai gina jiki na layin na Turkestan a halin yanzu, amma ga alama babu wata ma'ana a cikin abincinsu idan aka kwatanta da abincin na yau da kullun.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Karkatar da linzami zuwa nau'i-nau'i yana faruwa, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, a farkon farkon Afrilu... Maza a wannan lokacin an sanya su a kan wani tudu, inda suke, ɗaga ƙawancensu tare da jan hular halayya, suna raira waƙa da ƙarfi. A wannan lokacin, nau'ikan Linnets sun fi son mamaye wuraren da aka ayyana kawai don yin gida, daga abin da dole ne a kori wakilan jinsi ɗaya. Shafukan yanar gizo sau da yawa akan iyakantasu a yankin su, saboda haka nau'ikan Linnet gida gida na kusa da juna.
Linnet galibi suna zama a cikin bishiyoyi masu kauri da ƙaya, suna ba da fifiko ga ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi masu 'ya'ya, bishiyoyin spruce guda ɗaya, pines da bishiyar juniper da ke girma a cikin makiyaya, ciyawar ko sararin daji. Songbirds galibi suna gina gidansu tare da layin dogo a cikin manyan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na wucin gadi.
Gidajen an sanya nisan mita ɗaya zuwa uku sama da matakin ƙasa. Gidajen linnet babban tsari ne mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Bangon waje na gida an saka shi ta amfani da busassun tushe ko ciyawar ciyawa, saiwar shuke-shuke, gansakuka da cobwebs. A ciki an lullube da ulu, gashin doki da gashinsa. Matsakaicin tsaran faɗin tire kusan 55 mm, tare da zurfin 36-40 mm.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, linnet yana da kama biyu a shekara. Qwai na wakilan dangin Finch da kuma umarnin Passeriformes a farkon haɗuwa sun bayyana a cikin gida a cikin watan Mayu. Na biyu kama ne da za'ayi kusan a karshen Yuni ko a farkon kwanaki goma na Yuli. Qwai yana kasancewa ne kawai na mata.
Adadin kwai a cikin cikakken kama shine 4-6. Babban sautin ƙwai mai laushi ne ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A kan babban bangare, akwai dashes mai launin ruwan kasa-ja da duhu mai duhu, dige-dige da dige-dige, waɗanda suka zama nau'ikan corolla a ƙarshen m.
Matsakaicin girman kwai sune 16.3-19.5 x 12.9-13.9 mm da 16.0-20.3 x 12.0-14.9 mm, kuma tsarin kyankyasar kwan yana daukar makwanni biyu.... Kajin suna zama a cikin gidansu na kimanin makonni biyu, kuma ’ya’yan da suka tashi daga waje ana ciyar da su na wasu kwanaki, galibi maza. Mata a wannan lokacin sun fara gina gida na biyu. Kajin na tsirrai na biyu sun bar gida a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Yuli. A ƙarshen watan Agusta, yawancin garken tsuntsaye suna yin ƙaura mai tsayi, wanda a hankali ya zama ƙaura daga tsuntsayen da ke zaune a yankunan arewacin kewayon.
Makiya na halitta
Linnet ana farautarsa ta ƙasa mai mahimmanci da masu fuka-fukai masu fuka-fukai, waɗanda ke iya kama irin wannan ɗabi'un mai ƙanƙan da kyau da matsakaicin matsakaicin songbird. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana kama matashi Linnet da manufar tsare su a cikin fursuna a matsayin dabbar dabba.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Repoli ta haihu da kyau lokacin da aka ajiye shi a aviaries. Haɗin Linnet tare da canaries na jan, greenfinches da goldfinches sanannu ne sosai.
Masana kimiyyar gargajiya da kuma masu kaunar gida ga tsuntsayen waka sun tabbatar da ingancin kwayayen da ake samu daga linnet da greenfinches. Irin waɗannan matasan ana rarrabe su ta hanyar kyawawan waƙoƙin waƙoƙi waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka ƙwarewar waƙoƙin su.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Yawan Linnet vulgaris na kowa ne a cikin kewayon sa. Jama'a ba su da yawa a cikin iyakokin arewacin rarrabawa, haka kuma a kudu maso gabashin yankin Turai na Tarayyar Soviet.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Blue macaw tsuntsu
- Tsuntsaye tsuntsaye
- Black grouse tsuntsu
- Tsuntsun Kurciya
Duk da cewa babu wata barazana ga kasancewar wakilan jinsin a wannan lokacin kuma suna yadu sosai, a wasu kasashen Turai irin wannan kidan tsuntsaye yana cikin jerin jinsunan kare.
