Raman rago mai launin shuɗi (jinsi Pseudois), wanda ake kira bharal ko nakhur a cikin mazaunin, yana zaune ne a tsaunukan tsauni, kusan duk ƙasar Sin, daga Mongoliya ta ciki zuwa Himalayas. Duk da sunansa, wannan dabba kusan ba ta da alaƙa da tumaki ko shuɗi. Kamar yadda ilimin halittar jiki, halayya da kuma tsarin kwayoyin ya nuna, wadannan tumaki masu launin toka-toka da kuma launin ruwan kasa masu gaskiya sunfi kusancin dangantaka da awakin Copra. Kuma yanzu ƙari game da fasaha mai ban mamaki.
Bayanin nahur
Kodayake ana kiran nahura da shudiyar rago, yana kama da akuya... Yana da wani babban dutse artiodactyl mai tsawon kai kimanin santimita 115-165, tsayin kafada na santimita 75-90, tsawon wutsiya daga 10-20, da nauyin kilogram 35-75. Namiji tsari ne na girma fiye da na mata. Dukkannin jinsi biyu suna da ƙaho a saman saman kawunansu. A cikin maza, sun fi girma sosai, suna girma zuwa sama a cikin lankwasa tsari, sun ɗan juya baya. Hannun nahur na namiji ya kai tsawon santimita 80. Ga "mata" sun fi guntu da sauƙi, kuma suna girma ne kawai zuwa santimita 20.
Bayyanar
Launin ulu na Bharal ya kasance launuka daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa shudayen shule, saboda haka sunan da ake amfani da shi don tumakin shuɗi. Jawo kanta gajere ne kuma mai wuya, halayyar gemu da yawancin artiodactyls babu. Bakin yananan bakin yana kusa da jiki, yana raba baya ta sama daga gefen fari. Hakanan, irin wannan tsiri yana raba bakin bakin, yana wucewa daga layin hanci. Bayan cinyoyin an yi haske, saura ya yi duhu, yana zuwa gab da inuwa zuwa baƙi.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Shudayen rago suna aiki sosai da sanyin safiya, maraice da rana. Suna rayuwa ne galibi a cikin garken shanu, kodayake akwai kuma mutane marasa aure. Garken na iya kunshi maza ko mata ne kawai tare da samari. Hakanan akwai nau'ikan gauraye waɗanda maza da mata suke ciki, rukunin shekaru na manya da yara. Girman garken suna daga tumaki biyu shuɗi (galibi mata da jaririnta) zuwa kawuna 400.
Koyaya, yawancin rukunin tumaki suna ɗauke da dabbobi kusan 30. A lokacin rani, mazajen garken wasu wuraren suna rabuwa da mata. Tsawon rayuwar dabba yana da shekaru 11 zuwa 15. Yawan zamansu a duniya ya ragu sosai ta hanyar masu lalata da ba sa ƙyamar cin abinci a kan sha'awa. Daga cikin waɗannan, yawanci kerkeci da damisa. Hakanan, bharal shine babban wanda damisar dusar ƙanƙan ta hau kan tsaunin Tibet.
Tasirin halayyar tumaki mai shuɗi yana nuna haɗuwa da halayen akuya da na tumaki. Sungiyoyi suna rayuwa a kan gangaren bishiyoyi, daji mai tsayi da wuraren shrub sama da layin daji. Har ila yau, a kan wasu gangare masu laushi masu ciyawa tare da ciyawa, kusa da duwatsu, waxanda suke amfani da hanyoyin tsira masu amfani daga masu farauta. Wannan fifikon shimfidar wuri ya fi kama da halayyar awaki, wanda galibi akan same shi a kan gangare da tsaunukan dutse. Tumaki sun fi son tsaunuka masu ɗan taushi waɗanda ciyawa da ciyawa suka rufe su, amma har yanzu yawanci suna tsakanin mita 200 na duwatsu, wanda za a iya hawa da sauri don tsere wa masu farauta.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Kyakkyawan sake kamanni na launi yana bawa dabba damar labewa kuma ta haɗu tare da ɓangarorin shimfidar ƙasa don kada a gane su. Shuwagabannin tumaki suna gudu ne kawai idan mai farautar ya lura dasu daidai.
Dwarf shuɗi mai tumaki (P.schaeferi) suna zaune a tsaunuka, busassun, gangaren Kogin Yangtze (mita 2600-3200 sama da matakin teku). A saman waɗannan gangaren, yankin gandun daji ya faɗaɗa mita 1000 zuwa makiyaya mai tsayi, inda akwai sau goma daga cikinsu. Abin sha’awa, shi ne irin kahon da ke nuna ingancin rayuwar dabba da wurin zama. Tumakin da suka fi "sa'a" suna da ƙaho kuma sun fi kaho tsayi.
Tare da juriya mai ƙarfi game da yanayin mahalli, za a iya samun shuɗin tumaki a yankunan da ke kewayo daga zafi da bushe zuwa sanyi, iska da dusar ƙanƙara, waɗanda ke kan tsaunuka ƙasa da mita 1200 zuwa mita 5300. An rarraba tumaki a kan tudun Tibet, haka kuma a makwabta da kuma tsaunukan kusa da kusa. Mazaunin shuwakin shudi ya hada da Tibet, yankunan Pakistan, Indiya, Nepal da Bhutan, wadanda ke kan iyaka da Tibet, da wasu sassan lardin Xinjiang na kasar Sin, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan da Ningxia.
Dodan shudi shudi suna zaune a kan gangaren tsaunuka, busassun gangaren kwarin Yangtze, a tsawan mita 2,600 zuwa 3,200... Ana samunsa a arewa, kudu da yamma na Gundumar Batan a Kham (Lardin Sichuan). Nahur na kowa yana zaune a wannan yankin, amma ya kasance a cikin makiyaya mai tsayi a tsawan wurare sama da wakilan dwarf. Jimlar kusan mita 1,000 na yankin gandun daji ya raba waɗannan jinsunan biyu.
Nawa nakhur ke rayuwa
Bharal ya kai ga balagar jima’i yana da shekara ɗaya da rabi. Dabino yana faruwa tsakanin Oktoba da Janairu. Bayan kwanaki 160 na ciki, mace yawanci takan haifi rago daya, wanda aka yaye watanni 6 bayan haihuwa. Tsawon rayuwar ragon shuɗi na iya zama shekaru 12-15.
Jima'i dimorphism
Shudayen tumaki suna da cikakken sanadin jima'i. Namiji tsari ne na girma fiye da na mata, matsakaicin bambancin nauyin daga kilo 20 zuwa 30. Namiji yana da nauyin awo 60-75, yayin da mata ke da wuya su kai 45. Maza manya suna da ƙahoni kyawawa, manya-manya, waɗanda ba a buɗe ba (tsawonsu ya wuce cm 50 kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 7-9), yayin da a cikin mata ƙanana ne.
Maza ba su da gemu, kira a gwiwoyi, ko ƙanshin jiki mai ƙarfi da ake samu a yawancin tumakin. Suna da wutsiya mai faɗi, faɗi mai faɗi tare da farfajiyar iska, da manyan alamu a goshinsu, da manyan kofatan awaki. Karatuttukan zamani da suka shafi dabi'a da nazarin halittar chromosomal sun tabbatar da cewa sun fi na ɗan akuya yawa.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ana samun wannan nau'in a Bhutan, China (Gansu, iyakar Ningxia-Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet, kudu maso gabashin Xinjiang da arewacin Yunnan), arewacin Indiya, arewacin Myanmar, Nepal, da arewacin Pakistan. Yawancin kafofin sun bayyana cewa wannan jinsin ya wanzu a Tajikistan (Grubb 2005), amma har zuwa kwanan nan babu shaidar wannan.
Wannan harajin ya kasance gama-gari a cikin yawancin manyan layukan sa a duk fadin Tibet na China. A nan, rabarwar tasa ta fito ne daga yammacin Tibet, kudu maso yammacin Xinjiang, inda a cikin tsaunukan da ke iyaka da gefen yammacin Aru Ko, akwai ƙananan al'ummomin da suka bazu zuwa gabas a duk yankin mai cin gashin kansa. Hakanan yanayin haka yake a kudancin Xinjiang, tare da tsaunukan Kunlun da Arjun.
Shuwagabannin tumaki suna nan a galibin tsaunukan yamma da na kudancin Qinghai da ke gabashin Sichuan da arewa maso yammacin Yunnan, da kuma kusancin Kilian da yankuna Gansu masu dangantaka.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Yankin gabashin yadda ake rarraba shi yanzu ya zama yana mai da hankali ne a Helan Shan, wanda ya kafa iyakar yamma ta Yankin Ningxia Hui mai cin gashin kansa (tare da Mongolia na cikin gida).
Ana samun Nahur a arewacin Bhutan, a nesa sama da mita 4000-400 sama da matakin teku... Ana rarraba ragunan shuɗi a ko'ina cikin arewacin Himalayan da yankunan da ke kewaye da Indiya, kodayake har yanzu ba a san iyakar rarraba gabas ta kan iyakar arewacin Arunachal Pradesh ba. Sun shahara sosai a yankuna da yawa na Gabashin Ladakh (Jammu da Kashmir), da kuma sassan Spiti da kwarin Parvati na sama, a arewacin Himachal Pradesh.
Ana sanannen shuke-shuke da ake samu a Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary da NandaDevi National Park, da kuma kusa da Badrinath (Uttar Pradesh), a kan gangaren Hangsen Dzonga Massif (Sikkim) da gabashin Arunachal Pradesh.
Kwanan baya, an tabbatar da kasancewar waɗannan tumakin a kusurwar arewa maso yamma na Arunachal Pradesh, kusa da kan iyaka da Bhutan da China. A cikin Nepal, ana rarraba su da sauri a arewacin Manyan Himalayas daga iyaka da Indiya da Tibet a can arewa maso yamma, gabas ta hanyar Dolpo da Mustang zuwa yankin Gorkha a arewacin tsakiyar Nepal. Babban yankin ragunan shudayen yana cikin Pakistan, kuma ya haɗa da kwarin Gujerab na sama da yankin Gilgit, gami da wani ɓangare na Khunjerab National Park.
Bakin Tumaki
Bharal yana cin ciyawa, ciyawa, tsire-tsire masu ciyawa, da moss.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Shudayen tumaki suna balaga yayin haihuwa suna da shekara daya zuwa biyu, amma yawancin maza ba zasu iya zama cikakkun mataimaka ga garken har sai sun kai shekara bakwai. Lokacin saduwa da haihuwar tumaki ya bambanta dangane da iyakokin dabbar. Gabaɗaya, ana samun tumaki masu shuɗi don yin jima'i a lokacin hunturu kuma suna haihuwa a lokacin rani. Nasarar haifuwa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi da wadatar abinci. Lokacin ciki na tumakin bharala shine kwanaki 160. Kowace mace mai ciki tana da ɗa ɗaya. Ana yaye zuriyarsu da kimanin watanni shida da haihuwa.
Makiya na halitta
Bharal wata dabba ce tilo ko kuma ke rayuwa cikin rukuni na mutane 20-40, galibi suna jinsi ɗaya. Wadannan dabbobin suna aiki da rana, suna ciyar da yawancin lokacinsu suna ciyarwa da kuma hutawa. Godiya ga kyakkyawan kwalliyar kwalliya, nahur na iya iya ɓoyewa lokacin da abokan gaba suka kusanto kuma ba a san su ba.
Babban mafarautan da ke farautar sa sune Amur damisa da damisa gama gari. Laman ragon Nahura na iya faɗawa cikin ganima ga ƙananan dabbobi masu kama da dabbobi kamar dawakai, kerkeci, ko jan gaggafa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Halin da ke da alaƙa da yiwuwar hallaka tumakin shuɗi an fassara shi da mafi ƙarancin haɗari a cikin jerin ja ja IUCN na 2003... Bharal yana da kariya a cikin China kuma an lasafta shi a cikin Jadawali na III na Dokar Kare Dabbobin daji na 1972. Adadin yawan jama'a ya fito daga 47,000 zuwa 414,000 artiodactyls.
Yana da ban sha'awa!An rarraba ragon shuɗi mai shuɗi wanda yake cikin haɗari mai haɗari akan Lissafin IUCN na 2003 kuma ana kiyaye shi ƙarƙashin dokokin Sichuan. An kiyasta a cikin 1997 cewa akwai raguna kusan 200 dwarf.
Rage yawan shudayen tumaki ya dogara sosai da lokutan farauta. Daga shekarun 1960s zuwa 80s, da yawa daga cikin wadannan tumaki an hallaka su ta hanyar kasuwanci a lardin Qinghai na kasar Sin. Kimanin kilogram 100,000-200,000 na naman shuɗi na Qinghai ake fitarwa kowace shekara zuwa kasuwar alatu a Turai, galibi zuwa Jamus. Farauta, wacce 'yan yawon buɗe ido na ƙasashen waje ke kashe manyan maza, ya yi tasiri sosai kan tsarin shekarun wasu al'ummomin. Koyaya, tumakin shuɗi suna da yawa kuma har ma suna da yawa a wasu yankuna.
