Burbot, ko karami (Lota lota) wakili ne na jinsi iri ɗaya sunan, kifin Ray-finned aji da dangin Cod. Shine kawai kifin ruwan sha mai kyau daga tsari Codfish (Gadiformes). Ya bambanta a ƙimar kasuwanci.
Bayanin burbot
Burbot shine nau'ikan jinsin halittar Burbot daga gidan Lotinae... Ta duk masu bincike na cikin gida, nau'ikan burbot na dangin Lotidae Bonaparte ne, amma ra'ayoyin mafi yawan masana kimiyya sun kasu kashi biyu game da juna. Wasu masana kimiyya na Rasha sun rarrabe rabe-raben biyu ko uku:
- burbot na kowa (Lota lota lota) - mazaunin Turai da Asiya har zuwa bakin kogin Lena;
- tatsuniya mai kyau (Lota lota leptura) - mazaunin Siberia daga tashar Kogin Kara zuwa ruwan Bering Strait, a gabar tekun Arctic na Alaska zuwa Kogin Mackenzie.
Mai rikitarwa shine kason ragin Lota lota maculosa, wanda wakilansa ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Bayyanar waje, da kuma yadda rayuwar burbots take, suna nuna cewa irin wannan kifin abin kayatarwa ne, wanda aka adana shi tun lokacin Ice Ice.
Bayyanar
Burbot yana da elongated da kuma ƙananan jiki, zagaye a gaban ɓangaren da dan matsa daga bangarorin a cikin na baya. Kwantar da kai, kuma tsawonsa koyaushe ya fi girman tsayin jiki. Idanun kanana ne. Bakin yana da girma, rabin ƙasa, tare da ƙananan muƙamuƙi, wanda ya fi gajarta gajere. Teethananan haƙoran kamar Bristle sun kasance a kan kan mabudin da kan muƙamuƙi, amma ba su nan a saman bakin. Yankin chin yana da eriya guda daya wanda ba a gyara shi ba, yana yin kusan 20-30% na jimlar tsawon kai. Akwai kuma eriya guda biyu da take saman muƙamuƙin kifin.
Launin jikin burbot kai tsaye ya dogara da halaye na ƙasa, da haske da matakin bayyane na ruwa. Zamanin kifin bashi da wata mahimmanci ga launi, saboda haka launin sikeli ya bambanta, amma galibi akan sami mutane masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko launin toka mai launin toka, wanda yake ƙaruwa da shekaru.
A kan firam da ba a taɓa biya ba da sassan jiki a koyaushe akwai manyan tabo na launi mai haske. Yanayi da girman irin waɗannan aibobi na iya bambanta sosai, amma yankin ciki da fikafikan kifi koyaushe haske ne.
Wakilan jinsi na wannan sunan suna da halin kasancewar ƙafafun ƙugu biyu. Na farko irin wannan gajeren gajere ne, na biyu kuma ya fi tsayi. Hakanan ana yin tsinkayen tsuliya da tsayi. Tare da ƙare na biyu na dorsal, suna kusa da fin caudal, amma babu haɗi. Insananan fins ɗin an zagaye su. Finsun ƙashin ƙugu suna cikin maƙogwaro, kawai a gaban pectorals. Rage na biyu, wanda yake daga fincin ƙashin ƙugu, an faɗaɗa shi zuwa cikin filament ɗin halayya mai tsawo, wanda aka kawo shi da ƙwayoyin rai. An zagaya finfin caudal
Yana da ban sha'awa!Mafi kyawun alamun ci gaba da karɓar nauyi sun mallaki burbots na basin Ob, waɗanda ke kusa da saurin haɓakar layi zuwa burbushin Vilyui, kuma manya manya, masu nauyin kilogram 17-18, suna rayuwa a cikin ruwan Kogin Lena.
Sikeli na nau'in cycloid, karami mai girman gaske, ya mamaye dukkan jiki, da kuma wani bangare na shugaban daga sama, har zuwa murfin gill da hancin hancinsa. Cikakken layin layin ya shimfiɗa zuwa ƙwanƙolin caudal sannan kuma gaba, amma na iya katsewa. Jimlar tsawon jiki ya kai cm 110-120. A cikin tafkunan ruwa daban-daban, hanyoyin haɓakar linzami suna faruwa ba daidai ba.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Burbot yana cikin nau'ikan kifin da ke aiki musamman a cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma haɓaka, a matsayinka na doka, ana faruwa ne daga Disamba zuwa shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Janairu ko a Fabrairu. A zahiri, yawanci a lokacin hunturu ne ƙimar ayyukan manya ke faɗuwa. Mai farautar ruwa wanda ya fi so ya jagoranci salon rayuwar dare farauta mafi sau da yawa a ƙasan sosai.
Mafi dacewa shine irin waɗannan wakilai na kifin Ray-finned kifi da dangi Kifin Kifin yana jin ne kawai a cikin ruwan da zafin jikinsu bai wuce 11-12 bagame daDAGA... Lokacin da ruwa a mazauninsu yayi dumi, burbots yakan zama mai rauni, kuma yanayinsu yana kama da rashin bacci.
Burbot ba kifi bane na makaranta, duk da haka, mutane da yawa a lokaci ɗaya na iya kasancewa tare a cikin mazauni ɗaya. Mafi girman samfurin burbot sun fi son yin rayuwa ta musamman keɓaɓɓe. Kusa da lokacin bazara, kifin yana neman burbushin kanshi ko ƙoƙarin toshe tsakanin manyan ramuka.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Saboda wasu halaye na ɗabi'unsu, burbots masu girma suna iya tsallake abinci tsawon makonni da yawa.
Wakilan ƙungiyar Codfish sun fi son wurare tare da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan sanyi. Irin waɗannan kifaye ba sa son haske, don haka ba sa jin daɗi a daren da ke haske. A ranaku masu zafi, burbots sun daina ciyarwa kwata-kwata, kuma a cikin gajimare ko yanayin sanyi suna neman ganima da dare.
Yaya tsawon lokacin burbot yake rayuwa
Ko da tare da mafi kyawun yanayi kuma a cikin mahalli mai kyau, mafi tsawon rayuwar burbots da wuya ya wuce kwata na karni.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Burbot yana da halin rarraba rarraba. Yawancin lokaci ana samun wakilan dangin Cod a cikin kogunan da suke kwarara zuwa cikin Tekun Arctic. A cikin Tsibirin Burtaniya, ragowar burbots an yi rikodin kusan ko'ina, amma a halin yanzu ba a samun irin waɗannan kifaye a cikin wuraren ajiyar ruwa. A irin wannan halin ne na hali na Belgium. A wasu yankuna na Jamus, an lalata burbots, amma har yanzu ana samunsu a cikin kogin Danube, Elbe, Oder da Rhine. Ana gudanar da shirye-shiryen da nufin sake gabatar da burbot a yau a Burtaniya da Jamus.
Burbot sananne ne a jikin ruwa na kasashen Sweden, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania da Latvia, amma a cikin tabkunan Finnish yawansu basu da yawa. A cikin ruwayen Finland, kwanan nan an lura da raguwar yawan jama'a, wanda ke faruwa ne saboda gurɓatar yanayi da kuma ɓarnarsu. Har ila yau, dalilan raguwar lambar sun hada da sanya ruwan acid a ciki da bayyanar jinsunan baqi, waxanda ke raba ‘yan qasar da su.
Wani muhimmin bangare na hawan katako na Slovenia yana mai da hankali ne a cikin ruwan kogin Drava da Lake Cerknica. A cikin Jamhuriyar Czech, wakilan jinsin suna rayuwa a cikin kogin Ohře da Morava. A cikin Rasha, ana rarraba burbots kusan ko'ina a cikin ruwan yankuna masu zafi da kuma arctic, a cikin tafkunan White, Baltic, Barents, Caspian da Black Teas, da kuma a cikin kogin Siberia.
Iyakokin arewa na kewayon burbot yana wakiltar gabar ƙanƙara ta teku. Ana samun mutane a wasu sassan Yamal Peninsula, a tsibirin Taimyr da Novosibirsk, a cikin ruwan kogin Ob-Irtysh da Tafkin Baikal. Hakanan ana samun wakilai daga jinsunan a cikin kwamin Amur da Yellow Sea, kuma suna gama gari a tsibirin Shantar da na Sakhalin.
Abincin Burbot
Burbot na cikin kifin masu cin nama ne, saboda mazaunan ƙasan ruwa suna wakiltar abincin su... Matasa 'yan ƙasa da shekaru biyu suna da halin ciyar da ƙwayoyin kwari, ƙananan ɓawon burodi da tsutsotsi, da ƙwai kifi iri-iri. Ananan mutane kuma ba sa ƙyamar kwadi, tsutsa da ƙwai. Tare da shekaru, burbots ya zama masu farauta masu haɗari, kuma abincin su ya ƙunshi kifaye, girman su har ma ya kai sulusin girman su.
Abun da ke cikin abincin burbushin balaga yana ƙarƙashin canje-canje sananne sosai cikin shekara. Misali, a lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, irin waɗannan masu ɓarna, har ma da masu girman gaske, sun fi son ciyar da kifin kifi da tsutsotsi. A cikin ranaku masu zafi, burbots sun daina cinye abinci kwata-kwata, kuma suna ƙoƙari su ɓuya a cikin yankunan ruwa mai sanyi na wuraren ajiyar ruwa. Farkon yanayin sanyi na kaka yana da canje-canje a cikin ɗabi'a da abinci mai gina jiki na wakilan ruwan ɗanɗano na dangin cod. Kifi ya bar mafakarsa kuma ya fara neman abinci musamman da daddare.
Sau da yawa, a cikin aikin bincike na ganima, burbots suna ziyartar wuraren ruwa mara ƙanƙan. Ofaunar irin wannan babban mai cin ruwa na ruwa koyaushe yana ƙaruwa tare da raguwar tsarin zazzabi na ruwa kuma a cikin yanayin raguwar lokutan hasken rana. Tare da farkon lokacin hunturu, minnows, loaches da ruffs, waɗanda suke rabin barci, sun zama ganima ga burbot. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan kifayen, gami da karusar da ake kira Crucian, suna da matukar damuwa, wanda hakan ke basu damar fadawa cikin bakin wani mai cin abincin dare.
Dangane da keɓaɓɓun abubuwan fashewar burbot, yana yiwuwa abu ne mai yiwuwa a kammala cewa irin wannan mai cin ruwa ya fi son kame duk wani sashi na jiki, bayan haka sai ya hadiye shi cikin nutsuwa ba tare da yin motsi kwatsam ba. Irin waɗannan wakilai na ruwa mai tsari na Codfish suna da kyakkyawar ma'anar ƙamshi da ji, yayin da mai amfani da gani yake amfani da shi da wuya ta hanyar mai cin ruwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Burbot yana iya cin abinci koda dabbobi masu lalacewa, galibi suna hadiye kifin mai tsananin ƙyalli a cikin tsalle-tsalle da ruff, kuma na biyun shine wanda aka fi so kuma ake zalunta da wani mai cin abincin ruwa na dare.
Burbots na iya jin ƙamshi da jin abin farautar su a wata babbar nesa. Tare da farkon lokacin hunturu, burbots gaba daya sun daina ciyarwa. Bayan irin wannan cikakkiyar nutsuwa, yana ɗaukar aan kwanaki kawai ko mako guda, lokacin fara aiki yana farawa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A cikin yawan jama'a, yawan maza na wakilan kodin koyaushe yana da girma fiye da na yawan mata... Burbot ya kai ga balagar jima’i yana da shekaru biyu ko uku.
Maza suna haɗuwa da nau'i-nau'i tare da mata kuma suna yin takin ƙwai. A lokaci guda, har ma da ƙaramin mutane na iya samun cikakkiyar caviar. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, manya da ƙananan jinsuna a lokaci guda suna rayuwa cikin tafkunan ruwa lokaci guda, kuma ana rarrabe na ƙarshen ta kusan ƙarshen baƙin launi na sikeli. Wakilan jinsunan tafkin suna girma fiye da na kogin. Suna jiƙa ƙwai ne kawai bayan sun kai tsawon 30-35 cm, kuma suna karɓar nauyin kusan kilogram ɗaya da rabi. Yaran suna girma da sauri, don haka zuwa Yuni duk soyayyen da ya fito daga ƙwai a lokacin hunturu ya kai girman 7-9 cm.
Na farko da aka fara zuwa wuraren da ake shukawa sune mafiya wuya kuma mafi girman mutane, waɗanda zasu iya tattarawa cikin ƙananan rukuni na kifi goma zuwa ashirin. Bayan haka, shine lokacin da matsakaitan-sifofin burbot suka tsiro. Fisharamar kifi ita ce ta ƙarshe da za ta je wurin da ake yin cuwa-cuwa, suna ta ɗumuwa a cikin makarantu na kusan samfura ɗari. Rushewar gaba tana tafiya sannu a hankali kuma galibi da dare. Wurare mara zurfi tare da ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙasa sun zama mafi kyawun wuri don haɓaka.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Har zuwa shekara ɗaya, yara na burbots suna ɓoyewa a cikin duwatsu, kuma zuwa lokacin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, kifin yana zuwa zurfin zurfafawa a wuraren siliki, amma ana samun al'adun farauta ne kawai lokacin da suka balaga.
Mata, waɗanda sune wakilai na kifin kifi mai rarrafe, an rarrabe ta ta hanyar ingantacciyar haihuwa. Wata mace balagaggiyar mace tana da ikon yin kwai kamar rabin miliyan. Thewai na ƙwanƙwan burbot suna da launi mai launi rawaya kuma ƙananan ƙananan girmansu. Matsakaicin diamita na kwai na iya bambanta tsakanin 0.8-1.0 mm. Duk da yawan kwan da aka sa, yawan adadin burbot a yanzu kadan ne.
Makiya na halitta
Ba duka ƙwai ne ke haihuwar soya ba. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ba dukkan yara ne na ciko suke rayuwa ba ko suka balaga ta hanyar jima'i. Yawancin mutane daga zuriyar sune abinci ga wasu mazaunan ruwa, gami da perch, goby, ruff, bream na azurfa da sauransu. A lokacin zafi mai zafi, burbots kusan ba sa nuna aiki, saboda haka suna iya zama ganima ga kifin kifa. Gabaɗaya, babba kuma mafi girma burbots ba shi da abokan gaba na zahiri, kuma babban abin da ke shafar yawan mutane shi ne kama irin wannan kifin.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A yau, burbots da ke zaune a cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a cikin Netherlands suna fuskantar barazanar bacewa gabaɗaya, kuma yawan jama'a yana raguwa a hankali. Wasu lokuta ana samun mutane a cikin ruwan kogin Biesbosche, Krammere da Volkerak, a cikin tabkuna Ketelmeer da IJsselmeer. A Ostiriya da Faransa, burbots nau'ikan halittu ne masu rauni, kuma babban adadin yanzu ya fi karkata a cikin Seine, Rhone, Meuse, Loire da Moselles, da kuma cikin ruwan wasu manyan tabkuna masu tsaunuka. A cikin koguna da tabkuna na Switzerland, yawancin burbot suna da karko sosai.
Mahimmanci! Gurbatar aiki, tare da daidaita yankuna na kogi, suna da mummunar tasiri akan yawan masu cutar ruwan sha. Akwai wasu wasu dalilai mara kyau kuma.
Suna gama gari ne ga yankin ƙasashen Gabashin Turai kuma suna wakiltar babbar matsalar rage yawan burbot. Misali, a cikin Slovenia, an hana kamun kifi, kuma a Bulgaria an sanya wa mai cin ruwa ruwa matsayin "Rare jinsunan".
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Katifan Azurfa
- Salmon ruwan hoda
- Rabare gama gari
- Tuna
A cikin Hungary, wakilan kifin kifin na kifi mai kyan gani nau'ikan halittu ne masu rauni, kuma a Poland adadin burbot din ma ya ragu sosai cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Darajar kasuwanci
Daidai ne ake ɗaukar Burbot a matsayin kifin kasuwanci mai daraja tare da m, nama mai ɗanɗano mai daɗi, wanda, bayan daskarewa ko ajiyar ɗan gajeren lokaci, zai iya rasa kyakkyawan ɗanɗano da sauri. Babban hanta mai girma yana da daraja sosai, yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da wadataccen bitamin.
