Pike perch (Sander) wakilai ne na nau'in halittar kifin mai rai-rai wanda ke cikin dangin dangi (Percidae). Kifin da aka gama da shi sanannen abu ne mai son sha'awa, kasuwanci da kamun kifi na wasanni. Daga mahangar matsayin haraji, akwai nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da kamanni na waje, halaye na gama gari, ba da lokaci da kuma yanayin ciyarwa. Haka kuma, irin wannan kifin na iya banbanta wurin zama da bukatun yau da kullun ga mahalli.
Bayanin zander
Nazarin tsofaffin siffofin wakilan kifin mai rai-ƙanshin fata sun tabbatar da cewa ainihin ɓoyayyen jirgin ruwa ya bayyana a lokacin Pliocene, kuma mahaifarta yankin Siberia ne. Abubuwan burbushin da aka samo kuma sun tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa yayin aiwatar da dogon juyin halittar bayyanar pike perch ba a sami sauye-sauye bayyane ba, amma mazaunan sun canza sosai, saboda haka ana iya samun ruwa mai kyau da ruwan gishiri a duk duniya.
Akwai kazafi masu kaifi a kan muƙamuƙin pike perch, wanda da kifin yake kamawa kuma ya aminta da shi ya riƙe ganimar.... Girman canines a cikin manya maza na pike perch sun fi mata girma, kuma wannan gaskiyar ita ce ɗayan manyan halayen jima'i. Baya ga canines, muƙamuƙin tsohuwar ichthyophage ana alakanta shi da kasancewar ƙananan ƙananan hakora, amma masu kaifi.
Bayyanar
Dogaro da halayen nau'in, halayen waje na pike perch canza:
- Haske-gashin tsuntsu Pike perch yana da matsakaicin tsayin jiki har zuwa 107 cm, tare da nauyi tsakanin kilogram 11.3. Wannan nau'in yana da tsayayyen jiki, mai siffa irin wanda aka rufe shi da sikeli, wanda ke samun matsewar kai tsaye tare da shekaru. Babban bakin yana da hakora irin na canine a kan muƙamuƙi. Ofarin firam na ƙashin ƙugu yana kan jiki, kuma ba a san fin fincin ba. Jikin jikin ya fara ne daga ruwan zaitun zuwa ruwan zinare har ma da rawaya. Ciki fari ne ko rawaya. Gefen fin caudal fin fari ne;
- Jirgin ruwa na gama gari shine babban kifi. A cewar bayanan hukuma, a yanzu an sami mutanen da tsayin jikinsu ya wuce mita kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 10-15, amma akwai yiwuwar akwai manyan samfuran. A cikin mazan da suka girma, manyan hakora irin na canine suna nan kan muƙamuƙi fiye da na matan da suka manyanta;
- Kanada zander yana da matsakaicin tsayin jiki har zuwa 50-76 cm, tare da taro a kewayon 3-4 kg. Wannan jinsin yana da sifa irin ta dunƙule-dunƙule wadda aka lulluɓe ta da ma'aunin ctenoid da ƙafafun dorsal fins. Fashin ƙashin ƙugu na nau'ikan thoracic ne kuma suna ƙarƙashin ƙira. Kudin caudal ba'a san shi ba. Mafi yawan jiki duhu ne, kusan baƙi. Farkon ƙarshen dorsal yana da layuka masu laushi na ɗigon baki. Akwai tabo baƙi kusa da asalin fin fin, kuma babu wani wuri mai haske a kan caudal fin;
- Volzhsky Pike kullun yana da karamin girma. Tsawon jiki na babban kifin ya kai 40-45 cm, tare da nauyi a kewayon kilogiram 1.2-2.9. A cikin bayyanar, Volga pike perch yayi kama da sauran nau'in, amma sabanin su, irin wannan kifin bashi da canines na halayya. Ana samun wakilan jinsin a cikin ruwan kogin Caspian, Black da Azov, har ila yau kuma suna fita zuwa cikin ruwan Tekun Caspian. Burshes sun fi so a ajiye su cikin fakiti;
- Tekun jirgin ruwa yana da tsayin jiki a cikin zangon 50-62 cm, tare da nauyinsa har zuwa 1.8-2.0 kg. Jikin yana elongated kuma an ɗan matsa shi gefe. Babban bakin, amma mafi ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da matsalar pike na yau da kullun. Babban muƙamuƙin baya wuce tsaye daga gefen gefen jijiyar baya. Hakoran canine suna nan kan muƙamuƙi. Dukkanin mutanen Caspian an rarrabe su da ƙafafun ƙugu da ƙananan rata suka raba.
Ga wakilan Bahar Maliya na nau'ikan, haɗuwa da ƙoshin bayan fage halaye ne. Hakanan layin na gefe yana kusanci ƙarewar caudal. Babban banbanci daga rawan pike na yau da kullun shine ƙaramin diamita na idanu, da kuma rashin sikeli a cikin yankin kunci da ƙaramin haske mai laushi akan fin din din din din. Jiki yana da launin toka-launi launin toka. A gefen irin wannan kifin akwai ratsi masu ratsa duhu 12-13. Bayyanannun wuraren duhu suna nan akan ƙafafun ƙofar da ƙoshin baya na biyu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Bugu da ƙari ga ƙwayoyin photoreceptor masu saurin haske a cikin tantanin ido, pike perch suna da ɗabi'a ta yanayi tare da takamaiman jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini - tapetum, wanda aka wakilta da ƙwayoyin madaidaiciya cike da lu'ulu'u mai haske da ƙananan ƙarfe.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Ta hanyar rayuwarsu, pike perch su ne masu kama-karya. Wakilan kowane nau'in suna ciyar da kifi musamman, amma mafi ƙanƙancin mutane na iya cin abincin da ke cikin ruwa. Kifin mai rai-rai wanda yake cikin dangin dangi yana da matukar damuwa game da iskar oxygen a cikin yanayin ruwa da kuma kasancewar wasu dakatarwa, wadanda ake samunsu daidai a jikin ruwaye na ruwa.
A lokacin dumi na shekara, ana ajiye kifin a zurfin 2-5 m. Wakilan jinsi suna aiki ba kawai a rana ba, har ma da dare. Saboda kasancewar wani abin kallo a bayan kwayar ido, kifin yana iya farauta yadda yakamata koda kuwa a karamar haske. Da daddare, wakilan jinsin suna fita zuwa cikin ruwa mara zurfi, kuma suna iya farauta kusa da saman ruwan. A wannan lokacin, an shirya abin da ake kira "fadace-fadace", tare da halaye mafi kyau da kuma haushi na "goofy".
Da rana, Pike perch yayi ƙaura zuwa wurare masu zurfin ruwa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, irin waɗannan kifin sun fi son ƙasa mai yashi ko ƙanƙan dutse, musamman idan a irin waɗannan wuraren akwai manyan abubuwa a cikin hanyar itaciya da duwatsu. Ana amfani da irin wadannan matsugunan a matsayin kwanton bauna, wanda daga shi ake farauta. Pike perch yana da tsayayya sosai ga cututtuka iri-iri.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kasancewar kogin pike a cikin tafki na halitta koyaushe yana shaida da halayen halaye masu kyau na ruwa, tunda irin waɗannan kifayen ba sa jurewa koda ƙaramin gurɓataccen yanayi.
Koyaya, akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin halaye da kuma tsarin rayuwa. Misali, an rarraba kayan kwalliyar pike na Kanada azaman kifin ruwa mai kyau. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna rayuwa ba kawai a cikin ƙananan ba, har ma a cikin manyan koguna. Da ɗan sau da yawa, ana samun irin waɗannan ƙarancin kifi a cikin ruwayen tafkuna da wuraren tafki. Don wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na rayuwarsu, kullun pike na Kanada yana rayuwa ta musamman, amma a lokacin ɓatancin, irin waɗannan kifaye suna yin ƙaura mai tsawo daga mazauninsu zuwa filayen cuwa-cuwa. Bayan sun fantsama, kifayen suna komawa sassan asalin tafkinsu.
Har yaushe zander ke rayuwa
Matsakaicin iyakar walleyes yana shekaru goma sha takwas, amma galibi ana iyakance shi da shekaru goma sha biyar.
Zander nau'in
A halin yanzu, nau'ikan nau'in pike biyar kawai aka sani:
- Haske fuka-fukin fuka-fukin fuka-fukin ko kuma rawan pike (Sander vitreus);
- Kullun jirgin ruwa na yau da kullun (Sander lucioperca);
- Sandy ko Kanada pike perch (Sander canadensis);
- Bersh, ko Volga pike perch (Sander volgensis);
- Tekun tekun teku (Sander marinus).
A cikin jikin ruwa na Rasha, yanzu an sami nau'in biyu - waɗannan na kowa ne kuma Volga pike perch, ko bersh. Abin lura ne cewa a gabar tekun Azov da Don, sanannen sunan yankin don pike perch sananne ne - sula.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Pike perch mai haske mai haske ya zama gama gari a Arewacin Amurka daga Quebec zuwa yankin arewa maso yammacin Kanada. Pike perch na wannan nau'in yanzu an shigar dashi cikin tafkunan ruwa a duk ƙasar Amurka. Kullun jirgin ruwa na yau da kullun shine babban wakilin kifin ruwa a Gabashin Turai da Asiya. Ana samun irin wannan matsalar a cikin kogin Bahar, Baltic da Azov Teas, haka kuma a cikin Caspian da Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash da Issyk-Kul, a wasu wuraren ruwan tafkin da wuraren da aka keɓe.
Kwancen pike-perch na Kanada ɗayan ɗayan sananniya ne kuma yaɗuwa a Arewacin Amurka. Ana samun wakilan wannan nau'in daga tsarin tafkin-kogin na St. Lawrence da kuma madatsun ruwa na tsarin tsaunukan Appalachian har zuwa yammacin lardin Alberta.
Matattarar jirgin ruwan teku ya yadu a cikin ruwan Tekun Caspian da kuma yankin arewa maso yamma na Bahar Maliya. Kifin ruwan da ke zaune a cikin Tekun Caspian koyaushe yana guje wa wuraren da aka fi ƙarancin ruwa. A cikin ruwan Bahar Maliya, wakilan wannan nau'in sun zama gama gari a yankin yankin Dnieper-Bug da kuma tsadar kogin.
Pike perch abinci
Pike-perned pike perch kifi ne mai farauta, kuma soyayyen wannan nau'ikan ya canza zuwa nau'in ciyarwar waje tare da jimlar tsawon jikinsa yakai 0.8-0.9 cm. Da farko dai, yara kanana suna ciyar da ƙananan zooplankton, waɗanda suka haɗa da cladocerans da resistpod. Bayan tsawon shekarun yara sun kai 10-20 mm, sai kifin ya canza zuwa ciyarwa akan kowane nau'in kwayoyi masu lankwasa na kwari daban-daban, wadanda suka hada da chironomids, amphipods da mayflies. Tare da ci gaba da girma, kifi ya fara mamaye kan abincin yara zander.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A yayin farautar ƙaramin kifi, pike perch ba shi da ma'ana cewa wasu lokuta suna iya tashi daga ruwa zuwa gabar teku, inda daga baya su mutu.
Tushen abincin wakilai na jinsin Rawanin pike mafi yawanci shine kifi mai kunkuntar jiki. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, abincin irin wannan kifin mai rai-rai shine gobies, bleak ko tulka, da kuma ƙarami. Babban dalilin wannan zaɓin abincin shine ƙuntataccen maƙogwaro. Kwancen pike na Kanada shine maƙerin mai cin ruwa na ruwa wanda ke ciyar da yawancin ƙananan kifi. Volga pike perch, tare da sauran pike na kowa, galibi ana ciyar da yaran kifi ne, kuma daidaitaccen abincin gandu na iya kaiwa daga 0.5-10 cm.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Zamanin balagar kowane jinsi ya bambanta dangane da ɓangaren kewayon. Misali, a wasu yankuna na arewa, wakilan jinsunan Light-feathery pike perch sun balaga a karo na farko daga shekara 8 zuwa 8, kuma a yankin yankuna na kudu, mutane suna balaga a lokacin da suke da shekaru 2-4. Kifin Kudancin da ke bazuwa kowace shekara a cikin bazara, bayan kankara ta narke, a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Janairu da Fabrairu. A arewa, ana samun ɓacin rai har zuwa Yuli.
Nasarar ci gaban gonads kai tsaye ya dogara da wani tsarin zafin jiki, sabili da haka, yanayin zafin ruwan a lokacin sanyi bai kamata ya wuce 10 ° C. A yankin kudanci, a lokacin hunturu mai ɗumi, furodusoshi suna tsallake shekarar bazara. Mata suna yin ƙwai da daddare kuma a wasu ƙananan yankuna a mizanin tazarar minti biyar. Manuniya game da yawan haihuwa game da keɓaɓɓen nau'in pike yana ɗayan mafi girma a tsakanin duk wakilan kifi mai ruwa.
Qwai da aka yi wa alama ta mata pike-perch suna da girma a cikin girma, tare da matsakaita na diamita 1.3-2.1 mm. Nan da nan bayan spawning, caviar, wanda ke da ƙyalli mai kyau, a sauƙaƙe ya haɗa zuwa ƙasan ƙasa. Wannan fasalin yana ba da gudummawa ga nasarar hadi mai zuwa. Nan da nan bayan aikin hadi, kwan ƙwai da sauri yana tauri, kuma mannewa ya ɓace bayan kusan awa 1-5. Iyaye ba sa kare zuriya da ƙwai da kansu, kuma saboda wannan dalilin yawan rayuwar ƙwai, da kuma yara ƙanana da ba su kai shekara ɗaya ba, bai wuce kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Pike perch perch ya bazu a cikin bazara, lokacin da zafin ruwan ya kai digiri 11-12. A cikin latitude na Tekun Azov, ana yin ɓarna a cikin Afrilu da farkon Mayu. Ana zaɓar wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai a matsayin filayen samar da ɗiya, a matsayin doka, tare da dazuzukan da ruwa ya cika da sauran ciyayi, da manyan tarkace. Saurin ragowa yana faruwa a zurfin rabin mita kuma har zuwa mita biyar zuwa shida. Caviar na yawan pike perch ƙanana ne, rawaya ne. Yaran sun fara ciyarwa a ƙananan ƙananan invertebrates.
Bayan girman girman pike na yau da kullun ya kai 8-10 cm, soyayyar ta kusan canzawa gaba ɗaya don amfani da soya na wasu nau'in kifin, waɗanda ake samun su da yawa a lokacin rani. Ciyarwa a raye, yara suna girma cikin sauri. A karkashin yanayin abinci mai kyau, kifi na iya kaiwa nauyin gram 500-800 tuni a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Wakilan jinsin sun tsiro a cikin shekaru uku da hudu na rayuwa. A lokacin hunturu, yawancin lokaci ana ajiye pike perch a cikin rami, inda zai iya haɗuwa da kifin kifi, gami da bream da irin kifi.
Makiya na halitta
Babban masu gasa abincin pike a cikin mazaunin su shine sararin samaniya da auha. Zander na manya a cikin ruwa na halitta, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ba sa fuskantar mahalli mai ƙarfi, farauta da matse kifi. Wakilan mafi yawan jinsuna koyaushe suna cikin garken tumaki ko kuma a cikin abin da ake kira ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, wanda sau da yawa yakan tseratar da su daga hare-haren wasu mafarauta.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Kifi tench
- Pike kifi
- Kifin Pollock
- Kifin Zinariya
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Pike perch teku ne jinsin da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja a kan iyakar Ukraine. Sauran nau'ikan ba sa cikin haɗari.
Darajar kasuwanci
Pike perch ƙira ne mai daraja kuma sanannen kifin kasuwanci, kuma ma abune don farautar wasanni. Naman Zander yana ɗauke da kayan ƙoshin lafiya da lafiyayyen abinci tare da ƙarancin abun mai. A wasu ƙasashe, a yau kamun kifi mai yawa na wakilan nau'ikan nau'ikan kifi mai rai-ƙarancin yanayi ba shi da iyaka.
