Squirrels (Sciurus) wakilai ne na jinsi na Rodents da dangin squirrel. Baya ga jinsi Sciurus da kansa, wasu sauran dangi ana kiransu sunadarai, gami da jan kunkuru (Tamiasciurus) da dabbobin dabino (Funambulus).
Bayanin furotin
Halin halittar Sciurus ya haɗu da kusan nau'ikan talatin, waɗanda suka bambanta a kewayon su da mazauninsu, haka kuma a launi da girma... Wani sanannen nau'in a cikin ƙasarmu da cikin ƙasashen waje shine isunƙan Ciki, ko Veksha (Sciurus vulgaris), wanda ke da halayyar bayanan waje na rodent daga ajin masu shayarwa.
Bayyanar
Dabbar tana da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan, siriri kuma mai tsayi, da wutsiya mai taushi sosai. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin babban squirrel mai kusan 20-30 cm ne, kuma tsawon jelar ya kusan ƙasa da na uku. Dukan dabbar da ta balaga ba ta wuce 250-300 g.Kan kansa ƙarami ne, zagaye a sife, tare da tsayi da dogon kunnuwa, waɗanda aka yi musu ado da tassels. Idanun manya ne, baƙi. Hancin yana zagaye.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mafi shahararrun rukunin Veksha, masu banbancin halaye na waje, sune Rasha ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Turai, Yammacin Siberia da Bashkir, Altai da Yakut, Transbaikal da Yenisei, Sakhalin squirrels, da Teleutka.
Wsafafun sandar sandar suna da ƙarfi sosai, tare da kaifi da lanƙwasa, kuma gaɓoɓin gaba sun fi na baya baya. Abun ciki, bakin fuska da na gaban goshi an rufe su da vibrissae, waɗanda ke wakiltar gashin kai masu wuya waɗanda ke aiki azaman azancizi. A lokacin rani, fur na squirrel yana da tauri kuma gajere, kuma a farkon lokacin hunturu yakan canza sananne - ya zama mai kauri da tsawo, ya zama mai laushi.
Coat launi
Kirar squirrel "gashi" tana da launi daban-daban, wanda kai tsaye ya dogara da mazaunin rodent da lokacin, da kuma halayen jinsunan mai shayarwa. Misali, tsuntsaye na yau da kullun a lokacin rani yana da ja mai launin ja ko launin ruwan kasa, kuma a lokacin sanyi kwalliyar ta sami launin toka, baƙi da launin ruwan kasa. Koyaya, cikin Veksha yana da launi mai haske duk shekara.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Kuraye wakilai ne na al'umman gandun daji, saboda haka yanayi ya baiwa wadannan beraye dabarun "dabarun" da suka dace don su rayu cikin irin wannan mawuyacin halin. Babban ɓangaren rayuwa ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar gandun daji a cikin bishiyoyi.
Animalsananan dabbobi suna da saurin motsawa, saboda haka suna iya sauƙaƙe cikin sauri da sauri daga wannan shuka zuwa wani. Tsalle-tsalle na dabba da ɗan tsini kamar jirgin sama ne. Godiya ga gabobin baya masu kyau, an samar da bera da turawa mai ƙarfi, kuma mai laushi da babban wutsiya yana yiwa dabba wani nau'in tuƙi da laima a lokaci guda.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yanayin da ba shi da kyau ga rayuwar mahaukata ya tilasta dabbar ta bar yankunan da ake zaune ta shiga neman wani sabon wurin zama, kuma manyan dalilan da ke haifar da irin wannan ƙaura galibi suna wakiltar rashin abinci ne, fari ko gobarar daji.
A saman duniya, dabbobi kanana da masu taushi basu da nutsuwa sosai, saboda haka suke kokarin motsawa da matukar kulawa, suna yin gajerun tsalloli. Lokacin da kunkuru ya ji haɗari, yakan hau bishiya kusan da saurin walƙiya, inda yake jin kusan ya gama lafiya.
Gwaggo nawa ke rayuwa
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, rayuwar kunkuru, a ka’ida, bai wuce shekaru biyar ba, amma dabbobin gida suna rayuwa da yawa. Tare da kulawa mai kyau da kulawa mai kyau a gida, matsakaiciyar rayuwar irin wannan ƙaramar sandar na iya zama shekaru goma sha biyar.
Nau'in furotin
Squwayoyin Halitta suna da wakiltar nau'ikan da yawa:
- Kurege Abert (Sciurus aberti). Tsawon jikin yana daga 46-58 cm, kuma wutsiyar tana tsakanin 19-25 cm. Tana da tassels a kunnuwa, fur mai ruwan toka tare da madaidaicin launin ruwan kasa-ja;
- Guiana kurege (Sciurus aestuans). Tsawon jiki bai fi santimita 20 ba, kuma jelar ta kai kimanin cm 18.3. Jawo launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu;
- Allen's kurege (Sciurus alleni). Tsawon jikin yana tsakanin 26.7 cm, kuma wutsiya kuwa cm 16.9. Jawo a baya da gefuna launin rawaya-ja-ja, tare da kyawawan launuka masu launin toka da baƙi;
- Caucasian, ko squirrel na Persia (Sciurus anomalus). Tsawon jiki - bai fi kwata na mita tare da doguwar jela ba - 13-17 cm Launi mai haske ne kuma yana da kusan daidai, launin toka-toka-toka a ɓangaren sama da kuma kirjin-launin ruwan kasa a tarnaƙi;
- Zinariyar ciki zinariya (Sciurus aureogaster). Tsawon jiki - 25.8 cm, wutsiya - bai fi 25.5 cm ba;
- Karolinska (launin toka-toka) kurege (Sciurus carolinensis). Tsawon jiki - a tsakanin 38.0-52.5 cm, da jela - bai fi kwata na mita ba. Fur launi launin toka ne ko baƙi;
- Belka Depp (Sciurus deppei). Nau'in yana wakiltar ƙananan ƙananan S.d. Deppei, S.d. Matagalpae, S.d. miravallensis, S.d. masu kulawa da S.d. vivax;
- Rashin wuta, ko kurege mai kama da wuta (Sciurus flammifer). Tsawon jikin yana da cm 27.4, kuma wutsiya kuwa ta zama cm 31. Jawo a kai da kunnuwa ja ne, jikin sama na launin toka-rawaya-baƙi, kuma cikin ciki fari ne;
- Kura-kumburin rawaya (Sciurus gilvigularis). Tsawon jikin bai fi cm 16.6 ba, kuma jelar ya kai cm 17.3. Jawo a baya ja-ja-ja ne da gashi mai toka, kuma cikin yana da launi mai launi-ja-kala;
- Ja-wutsi, ko novogranadskaya kurege (Sciurus granatensis). Tsawon jikin yana tsakanin sentimita 33-52, kuma wutsiyar ba ta fi cm 14-28 ba. Jawo a bayan yankin yana da duhu ja, amma yana iya zama launin toka, rawaya rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu;
- Grey squirrel yamma (Sciurus griseus). Tsawon jikin yana da cm 50-60, kuma jelar tana da tsayi kimanin cm 24-30. Jawo daga baya yana da launi mai launin toka mai launin toka, kuma cikin yana da fari fari;
- Kuruciyar Bolivia (Sciurus ƙonewa). Tsawon jikin ya kai kimanin 17-18 cm, kuma wutsiyar ba ta wuce cm 17 ba. Jayen da ke baya launin ruwan kasa ne daban-daban, wutsiyar tana da launi mai launi ja, kuma cikin yana da launin ja-rawaya-launin ruwan kasa;
- Nayarite squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis). Tsawon jiki yana da 28-30 cm, kuma wutsiya ta kusan 27-28 cm. Jawo mai laushi ne, a bayanta yana da launi mai launin ja-ja-ja;
- Baƙi, ko kerkirkure (Sciurus niger). Tsawon jiki ya kai kimanin cm 45-70, kuma wutsiyar tana tsakanin 20-33 cm. Jawo yana da haske mai launin ruwan kasa-rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu-baki, kuma cikin yana da haske;
- Motley kurege (Sciurus variegatoides). Tsawon jikin bai fi cm 22-34 ba, kuma wutsiyar tana tsakanin 23-33 cm. Jawo na iya samun launuka iri-iri;
- Yucatan squirrel (Sciurus yucatanensis). Tsawon jiki yana tsakanin 20-33 cm, kuma wutsiya a matakin 17-19 cm. A baya, Jawo yana da launin toka mai launin fari da fari. Cikin ciki yashi ne ko launin toka.
Har ila yau, yayi karatu sosai Squirrel na Arizona (Sciurus arizonensis), squirrel collier (Sciurus colliaei) kuma Tsuntsayen Jafananci (Sciurus lis).
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ertungiyar Abert ta samo asali ne daga yankunan gandun daji na Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka kuma ana yawan amfani da ita a yankuna da yawa na Mexico. Guiana squirrels suna cikin yankin Kudancin Amurka, suna zaune a arewa maso gabashin Argentina, suna zaune a Brazil, Guyana, Suriname da Venezuela, inda ake samun su a cikin dazuzzuka da wuraren shakatawa na gari.
Tsuntsayen Persia na daga ƙarshen Caucasian Isthmus da Gabas ta Tsakiya, mazaunin Transcaucasia, Asiaananan Asiya da Asiya orarama, Iran, tsibirin Gokceada da Lesbos a Tekun Aegean. Ana samun squir Arizona a cikin tsaunuka na tsakiyar Arizona, da kuma a Sonora na Mexico da kuma yammacin New Mexico. Kungiyoyin ciki da gabashin Mexico sun fi son katako mai ciki na zinariya mai ƙarancin itace kuma yana da mahimmanci ga Guatemala. An kawo nau'ikan ne ta wucin-gadi ga Maɓallan Florida. Ana samun sandunan ruwa a cikin tsaunuka har zuwa 3800 m kuma a cikin birane.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Caroline squirrels su ne mazaunan gabashin Arewacin Amurka, suna zaune yankunan yamma da gadon kogin Mississippi har zuwa kan iyakar arewacin Kanada.
Yammacin launin fure an rarraba shi sosai a gabar yammacin Amurka, gami da jihohin Washington, California da Oregon. Ana samun ƙananan mutane a cikin gandun daji na Nevada. Kututtukan Yucatan wakili ne na musamman na dabbobin Yucatan Peninsula, kuma wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka na Mexico, Guatemala da Belize.
Guguwar Collier tana da ma'anar Mexico, tana da yawa, amma tare da ƙarancin yawan jama'a. Ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin gandun daji masu zurfin ruwa da na yankuna masu zafi, da kuma kusan duk gabar tekun Pacific. Belka Deppa tana da yawan gaske a kasashen Costa Rica, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras da Guatemala, Nicaragua da Mexico, kuma kurekuren kurar ya yadu a Arewacin Amurka.
Yankunan squir masu launin rawaya suna da alamun Kudancin Amurka. Waɗannan ƙananan beraye suna zaune a arewacin Brazil, Guyana da Venezuela. Ana samun wakilan nau'ikan furotin na Bolivia ne kawai a wurare masu zafi a Brazil da Bolivia, Colombia da Argentina, da kuma a Peru. Ana iya samun kurar Jafananci a Tsibirin Jafananci, yayin da Nayarite ake samun ta a kudu maso gabashin Arizona, da Mexico.
Abincin sunadarai
Duk nau'ikan sunadarai galibi suna ciyarwa ne kawai akan abincin shuke-shuke waɗanda suke da wadataccen mai, sunadarai da kuma carbohydrates. Lokaci mafi wahalan gaske ga sanda mai sanyin fata yana zuwa a farkon bazara, lokacin da tsaba da aka binne a cikin kaka suka fara ƙwazo kuma ba za su iya amfani da dabba a matsayin abinci ba. A cikin watannin bazara, tsuntsaye suna fara ciyarwa a kan bishiyar bishiyoyi daban-daban.
Ya kamata a sani cewa sunadarai ba dabbobi bane masu cinye baki kuma suna da komai. Baya ga tsaba, kwaya, namomin kaza da 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kowane irin ciyawar koren ciyawa, irin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna iya ciyar da kwari, kwai har ma da kananan tsuntsaye, da kwadi. Mafi sau da yawa, irin wannan abincin shine halayyar squirrels waɗanda ke zaune a ƙasashe masu zafi.
Dabbobin gida suna cin abinci
- sabo da busassun namomin kaza;
- tsaba
- kwayoyi;
- itacen girki;
- 'ya'yan itace cikakke;
- cikakke 'ya'yan itace;
- harbe, kumburi, bawon itace;
- gauraye na musamman don berayen gida.
Kwararru suna da daraja kamar dabbobi masu hankali, sabili da haka, kusa da ƙauyuka, suna iya amfani da abinci daga masu ciyar da tsuntsaye don abinci, wani lokacin ma suna zama a ɗakunan soro. Mafi yawan lokuta, irin waɗannan ƙananan berayen ana sanya su a matsayin kwari masu lalata amfanin gona.
Koyaya, ana ɗaukan goro mafi yawan abin da aka fi so don squirrels. Dabbar da hankali tana shigar da ƙananan incis biyu zuwa wurin da goro ke haɗe da reshe. Theauke rabi biyu na ƙananan muƙamuƙi, haɗi da tsoka mai roba, yana haifar da ɗan bambancin raunin cikin incisors a wurare daban-daban, saboda abin da kwaya ta kasu biyu.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A cikin daji, a cikin yanayi na yanayi, ɓarna suna haihuwar 'ya'ya biyu a cikin shekara, kuma a cikin kowane kwandon dabbobi, ana haihuwar yara biyu zuwa goma. Tsawon lokacin daukar ciki a cikin mata na nau'ikan daban daban ya bambanta sosai. Misali, a cikin sikirin talakawa, ana haihuwar zuriya a cikin kimanin kwanaki 22-39, kuma a cikin dunkulalliyar launin toka, ana haihuwar ɓarna a cikin kusan wata ɗaya da rabi.
Kuraye suna da matukar ta da hankali, masu ladabi da kuma kula mata masu ban mamaki. Maza ba sa kula da hayaniyar da aka haifa, a cikin fursuna da kuma yanayin yanayi. Makauniyar da aka haifa da tsirara jarirai nan da nan suna cikin dumi na uwa kuma suna shayar da madara. Kowane lokaci, ta bar gidanta, dole ne mace ta rufe dukkan kwalliyarta da gado mai laushi mai dumi.
Makiya na halitta
Abokan gaba na mahauta a cikin yanayin yanayi suna jiran ƙaramin sandar ƙasa a ƙasa, kuma suna iya ɓoyewa a cikin ganyaye ko kuma kula da farautar abin da suke gudu, daga sama. Kungiyoyin kerkeci da diloli sukan farautar dabbobin. Koyaya, mafi yawancin lokuta mafarauta suna sarrafa dabbobin da basu da lafiya, da mata masu ciki ko masu shayarwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wasu nau'ikan ɓarna da yawa ana farautarsu ne da nufin yin amfani da naman jan nama don abinci ko hana lalacewar amfanin gona a masara da wasu albarkatu.
Ana farautar ɓarna na Fasiya da gandun daji da duwatsu masu martaba, kuma weasel ya lalata sabbin haihuwar da yawa. Mugayen abokan gabar ungulu sune kusan duk mujiya da goshawk, harma da babban mutum mai iya magana har ma da kuliyoyin daji ko na gida. Koyaya, kamar yadda tsinkaye na dogon lokaci suka nuna, irin waɗannan maƙarƙancin ba sa iya yin tasirin gaske a kan yanayin kasancewar rodan adam masu ƙarfi a yanayi.
Adadin gandun daji na Arizona shima kadan ne. Wannan nau'in jinsin yana da yanki guda tare da danginsa na kusa, da Abert squirrel, wanda ke haifar da gasa mai karfi ta fuskar neman abinci. Dabbobin da ke gasa tare da dabbobi masu laushi, wadanda ke wahalar da neman abinci, sun hada da gurnani da beraye, bera da ungulaye, zomo da tsuntsaye. A yayin gasa mai zafi game da albarkatun abinci, adadi mai yawa na 'yan iska, da dabbobi dabbobi, suna mutuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Dabbobi masu laushi suna da matukar sha'awa ga mafarauta da yawa waɗanda ke ɗaukar irin wannan sanda a matsayin tushen asalin fur mai ƙimar gaske. Kurayen Allen yanzu suna cikin barazanar bacewa gaba daya, wanda ya faru ne sakamakon sare bishiyoyi da farauta, saboda haka ana rarraba wannan nau'in ne kawai a Cumbers de Monterey National Park. Adadin gwanayen farisanci yana da ƙasa kaɗan kuma yana ƙarƙashin manyan sauye-sauyen yanayi, wanda kai tsaye ya dogara da biotope. Har ila yau, baƙar fata mai baƙar fata ta Delmarvian tana cikin barazanar hallaka gaba ɗaya, kuma an riga an saka kunkuntar gama gari a cikin littafin Red Book.
