Tench shine kifin ruwa mai kyau na dangi. Yana zaune ne a cikin koguna masu nutsuwa, da sauran sassan ruwan sha mai gudana tare da kwanciyar hankali kuma masanan sun saba da shi sosai. Wannan kifin, wanda ake ɗaukar namansa yana da ɗanɗano kuma mai daɗin ci, ana kuma yin shi a cikin tafkunan ruwa na wucin gadi. Bugu da ƙari, saboda rashin fa'idarsa, tench na iya rayuwa ko da a tafkunan da ba su dace da kiwo da girma irin kifi ba.
Bayanin tench
A cikin bayyanar wannan kifin, ba ma iya cewa tench dangi ne na kusa da irin kifi: ya sha bamban da shi a bayyanar... Ana rufe ƙananan ma'aunansa masu launin ruwan toka tare da laka mai kauri, wanda yake saurin bushewa da sauri cikin iska, sa'annan ya tafi cikin yadudduka ya faɗi. Wannan slime din ba kawai yana baiwa tench damar motsawa cikin sauki a karkashin ruwa ba, amma kuma yana kiyaye shi daga masu farauta.
Bayyanar
An lulluɓe shi da laka na laka, gajere, dogo kuma mai kauri a jikin tench, an rufe shi da ƙananan sikeli, ya zama sikeli 90 zuwa 120 tare da layin gefe.
Launin jiki kamar na kore ne ko na zaitun, amma idan ka cire laka daga kifin ko ka bar shi ya bushe kuma ya faɗi ta ɗabi'a, za ka lura cewa, a zahiri, launin sikeli goma yana da launuka daban-daban. Ya zama kore saboda ƙoshin da yake rufe launin sikelin. Dogaro da tafkin da wannan ko wancan samfurin yake rayuwa a ciki, inuwar ma'aunansa na iya zama daga haske, yashi-yashi mai launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi zuwa kusan baƙi.
A cikin tafkunan ruwa da ƙasa mai launin silty ko peaty, launin sikeli zai zama mai duhu, yayin da a waɗancan rafuka ko tabkuna, waɗanda gindinsu ya lulluɓe da yashi ko ƙasa mai rashi, zai yi haske sosai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An yi amannar cewa sunan wannan kifin ya samo asali ne saboda yadda a cikin iska gamsai, wanda ke lullube jikinsa da wani kauri mai kauri, ya bushe ya faɗi, don haka kamar dai kifin yana narkewa.
Koyaya, salon zama yana ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa wani fasalin asalin sunan ya bayyana - daga kalmar "lalaci", wanda bayan lokaci ya fara zama kamar "tench".
Sauran siffofin waje
- Girma: a matsakaita, tsayin jiki na iya zama daga 20 zuwa 40 cm, kodayake kuma akwai samfuran da tsayinsu zai iya kai kimanin 70 cm kuma ya kai kilo 7.5.
- Kifi takaice, ba da alamar kasancewa mai dan kauri kadan, kuma, kamar dukkan kifin, an rufe shi da laka. Kasancewa mai launi iri ɗaya tare da Sikeli kusa da tushensu, ƙurara tana lura da duhu zuwa ƙarshen; a wasu layukan zasu iya zama kusan baƙi. Fushin caudal ba ya zama sananne, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya zama kusan madaidaiciya.
- Lebe tench suna da kauri, da nama, sun fi haske nauyi.
- Fatananan kitse suna girma a cikin kusurwar bakin eriya - halayyar da ke nuna alaƙar tsakanin tench da kifi.
- Idanu karami kuma mai zurfin-kafa, launinsu ja-orange ne.
- Jima'i dimorphism da kyau a bayyana shi: fincin gabobin halittar maza na wannan nau'in sun fi na mata girma da girma. Haka kuma, maza sun fi ƙarancin abokai girma, tunda sun fi su saurin girma.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan kifin, tench na zinare, ma'auni na da zinare bayyananne, kuma idanuwa sun fi na sauran ƙoshin duhu.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Ba kamar sauran sauran masu saurin sauri da wakilan igiyar katako ba, tench yana da jinkiri kuma ba shi da hanzari. Wannan kifin yana da hankali da kunya, sabili da haka zai iya zama da wahala a iya kama shi. Idan tench ya faɗi cikin ƙugiya, to, ana ɗebo shi daga ruwa, ya canza a zahiri: ya zama mai motsi ne kuma mai saurin tashin hankali, mai tsananin bijirewa kuma galibi, musamman idan an kama babban samfuri, yana iya sauka daga ƙugiya ya koma asalinsa ruwa
Lines na manya suna ƙoƙari su jagoranci rayuwa ta kadaici, amma samari kifayen sukan kafa makarantu na mutane 5-15. Tench yana ciyarwa galibi a lokutan yamma. Kuma gabaɗaya, baya son haske mai haske, yana ƙoƙari ya tsaya a zurfin zurfin kuma a wuraren da shuke-shuke ke inuwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Duk da cewa tench kifi ne mai nutsuwa da jinkiri, yana da ikon iya yin ƙaura ta yau da kullun, yana motsawa daga bakin teku zuwa zurfin da baya. Hakanan a lokacin ɓatancin, shima yana iya motsawa don neman mafi kyawun wuri don haifuwa.
A ƙarshen kaka, wannan kifin yana zuwa ƙasa kuma, an binne shi a cikin raƙuman ruwa, ya shiga zurfin barci. A lokacin bazara, bayan zafin ruwan da ke tafkin ya dumama har zuwa digiri + 4, layukan sun farka, suna barin wuraren hunturu, sai su tafi yankunan bakin teku, waɗanda ke cike da tsire-tsire na ruwa. Hanyoyin neman abinci na tench suna wucewa kusa da iyakokin reeds ko ciyawar ciyawa. A ranakun zafi, yana zama mai rauni kuma yana ƙoƙari ya kasance kusa da sassan ɓangaren tafki. Amma, tare da gabatowar kaka, lokacin da ruwan ya huce, aikinsa yana ƙaruwa sosai.
Har yaushe tench ke rayuwa
Waɗannan kifin suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12-16, kuma haɓakar su gaba ɗaya tana zuwa shekaru 6-7.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Gidan mazaunin tench ya mamaye Turai da ɓangare na ƙasashen Asiya, inda yanayi mai yanayi ya kasance. Yana zaune cikin ruwa mai dumi - tafkuna, tabkuna, stavakh, tafki, ko kuma cikin rafuka tare da tafiyar hawainiya. Saboda gaskiyar cewa layukan ba su da ma'ana game da jikewar ruwa tare da iskar oxygen, kazalika da ƙarancin acid da gishirinta, waɗannan kifin suna jin daɗi a cikin gulbi, bakin kogi da fadama da ruwa mai ƙyalƙyali.
A wuraren da ke da ƙasa mai duwatsu, haka kuma a cikin tafkunan ruwa mai sanyi da raƙuman ruwa, kusan ba su daidaita ba. Yana da matukar wuya a cikin tabkuna na tsaunuka da koguna.
Mahimmanci! Don rayuwa mai dadi, kwata-kwata suna bukatar kasancewar a cikin tafkin algae da tsire-tsire na ƙasa, kamar su reeds ko reeds, a cikin daskararrun layukan da layukan suke neman abincinsu da inda suke ɓoyewa daga masu farautar su.
Dangane da mazaunin tench, wannan jinsin ya kasu kashi huɗu. Wakilansu sun ɗan bambanta a cikin sifofin tsarin mulkinsu kuma, kaɗan kaɗan, a cikin launi na ma'auni.
- Tafkin tench. Yana sauka a manyan ruwaye da tabkuna.
- Pondova. Yana zaune a cikin ƙananan ruwa na asalin halitta da na asali. Da ɗan siriri kuma siririn fiye da tabkin. Amma, idan kun zaunar da kududdufin kandami a cikin wani tabki, to da sauri zai ɗauki adadin da ya ɓace kuma ya zama ba za a iya rarrabewa ba a fili daga danginsa waɗanda suka rayu a cikin tafkin duk rayuwarsu.
- Kogin Yana sauka a cikin rafi ko rafin koguna, da kuma rassa ko tashoshi masu saurin tafiya. Wannan nau'ikan ya fi bakin ruwa nesa da layuka da kandami. Hakanan, a cikin wakilan nau'in kogin, bakin na iya dan lankwasawa sama.
- Dwarf tench. Dangane da cewa yana zaune a wuraren da kifi ya sake tsugunnawa, wakilan wannan nau'in suna jinkirta saurin girma kuma, sakamakon haka, tench ba ya wuce 12 cm a tsayi. Wannan nau'in ya fi na kowa yawa kuma yana zaune kusan duk wani tafkin ruwa.
Layin abinci
Tushen abincin waɗannan kifin shine abincin dabbobi, kodayake wani lokacin suma suna iya cin abincin tsire. Invertebrates da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa da kuma kusa da jikin ruwa na iya zama abubuwan farauta: kwari tare da tsutsa, da kuma zubi, crustaceans da tsutsotsi. A lokacin bazara, suna farin ciki da cin algae da koren tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire irin su sedge, urut, reed, cattail, pond.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Waɗannan kifayen ba su da fifikon yanayi, galibi ba su da ma'anar abinci kuma suna cin duk abin da za su iya samu.
Ainihin, layukan suna ciyarwa a yankunan kusa da ƙasa tare da peat ko ƙasa mai ƙyalli, haka kuma a cikin tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na ruwa. A lokaci guda, don samun abinci, waɗannan kifin suna tono ƙasa, shi ya sa ƙananan kumfa na iska suke bi ta cikin layin ruwan zuwa farfajiyar tafkin, suna ba da wurin da ƙirar take.
A lokacin kaka wadannan kifin suna fara ciyarwa kasa da lokacin dumi na rana, kuma a lokacin hunturu, layukan basa cin komai da komai.
Amma, da zaran bayan farkon damina ya yi dumi sosai, waɗannan kifaye suna farkawa daga barci kuma suna iyo kusa da gabar teku don neman abinci mai gina jiki na tsire-tsire ko asalin dabbobi. A wannan yanayin, layukan suna cin ƙwayoyin sauro tare da jin daɗi na musamman.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Tench kifi ne mai son zafi saboda haka ya haifar da ƙarshen ƙarshen bazara, ko ma a farkon bazara... A matsayin ƙasa mai nutsuwa, yawanci ruwa mara ƙarancin ruwa mai saurin tafiyar hawainiya, mafaka daga iska kuma an zaɓi ciyawar da ke cike da ciyawar ruwa. Ana yin mason a zurfin 30-80 cm kuma galibi ana haɗe shi zuwa rassan bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi waɗanda aka saukar da su cikin ruwan da ke girma kusa da gabar.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sakinwa yana faruwa a matakai da yawa tare da tazarar kwanaki 10-14. Tsarin kiwo ya hada da mutane wadanda sun riga sun kai shekaru 3-4 kuma suna a kalla 200-400 g. Gaba daya, adadin kwan da mace ta haifa a lokaci daya na iya kai wa daga dubu 20 zuwa 500, yayin da suke saurin girma - don me - aƙalla awanni 70-75.
Soyayyen da ƙwai ya bari, wanda girmansa bai wuce 3.5 mm ba, an haɗa shi da matattarar, sannan kuma na wasu kwanaki 3-4 su ci gaba a wuri ɗaya da aka haife su. Duk wannan lokacin, tsutsa tana girma da ƙarfi, yana ciyarwa ta hanyar tanadin jakar kwai wanda ya rage.
Bayan soya sun fara iyo da kansu, sai su taru a garken tumaki kuma, suna ɓuya a cikin ciyayi masu yawa na ruwa, suna cin abincin dabbobi da kuma algae na unicellular. Kuma daga baya, tun da ya riga ya kai girman kusan 1.5 cm, yara sun tafi ƙasan, inda suke canzawa zuwa abinci mai gina jiki, galibi ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin halittar benthic.
Makiya na halitta
A cikin manya, kusan babu abokan gaba a ɗabi'a. Haƙiƙar ita ce gam ɗin da ke rufe jikinsu ba shi da daɗi ga wasu kifaye masu farauta ko wasu masu farauta, yawanci cin kifin, don haka ba sa farautar su. A lokaci guda, pikes da perches na iya kai hari kan soya tench.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A Turai, tench ya yadu sosai, amma a wasu yankuna na Rasha, galibi yana gabashin gabashin Urals, wannan kifin yana shan wahala ƙwarai da gaske daga farauta da ƙazantar da mazaunin ta. Halin yanayin ɗan adam gaba ɗaya na iya yin mummunan tasiri akan yawan kifaye, gami da ɓaraka, a cikin yanayi.
Haka kuma, wannan na faruwa koda mutane basu cutar da muhalli da gangan ba, amma ayyukansu na iya lalata yawan halittu, gami da kifin ruwa. Don haka, alal misali, raguwar kaifi a matakin ruwa a tafkunan a lokacin hunturu yakan haifar da mutuwar layin hunturu a ƙasan tafkin. A wannan yanayin, kifin yakan zama sanyi a cikin kankara, ko kuma ruwan da ke karkashinsa ya zama bai isa ga layukan su mamaye yadda ya kamata ba, suna ta tururuwa zuwa cikin laka ta kasan tafki.
Mahimmanci! A cikin Jamus, a cikin yankuna Irkutsk da Yaroslavl, haka ma a Buryatia, layukan an lasafta su a cikin Littafin Ja.
Amma, duk da wannan, idan muka yi magana game da yanayin wannan nau'in, to, babban adadin layin ba ya cikin haɗari kuma an sanya su matsayin kiyayewa "wanda ke haifar da ƙaramar damuwa."
Darajar kasuwanci
Tench ba ɗaya daga cikin kifin kasuwanci mai daraja da aka kama a cikin mazauninsu ba, sabili da haka, a cikin tafkunan ruwa, masunta ne ke kama shi. Koyaya, wannan kifin ana noma shi da yawa a cikin tafkunan kifi. Da farko dai, wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin layin layin zuwa yanayin yadda ake kula dasu da kuma gaskiyar cewa zasu iya rayuwa koda cikin tafkunan da basu dace da kiwo da kifi mai girma ba.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Katon kifi
- Marlin kifi
- Kifin Zinariya
- Kifi
Tench kifi ne mai ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ke rayuwa a cikin tafkunan ruwa tare da jinkirin halin yanzu kuma yana ciyar da akasarin ƙananan ƙananan invertebrates. Wannan kifin yana da iyawa ta musamman: saurin balaga na kwayaye, don haka sai samarin su kyankyashe cikin awanni 70-75 bayan mace ta kwan da kwan. Wani kuma, ba karamin abin mamakin wannan kifin ba shi ne lakar da ke rufe jikinsu.
Ya ƙunshi maganin rigakafi na halitta, sabili da haka, saboda wannan, layukan suna rashin lafiya sau da yawa fiye da yawancin kifin.... Bugu da kari, gamsai ma yana yin aikin kariya: yana tsoratar da masu cin nama. Mutane sun daɗe suna jin daɗin ɗanɗanar nama tench, wanda daga ciki za a iya shirya jita-jita masu daɗi, sabili da haka wannan kifin ana ɗaukarsa kyakkyawar kama ta masunta, duk da cewa la'akari da cewa nauyinta zai iya kaiwa kilogiram 7 ko fiye.
