Sun ce dokin Przewalski ba za a iya zagawa da shi ba, saboda ba ya ba da horo ga horo. Haka kuma, waɗannan dawakai na daji koyaushe suna fitowa cikin nasara a cikin gumurzu da dawakan gida.
Bayani game da dokin Przewalski
Paleogenetics suna da yakinin cewa dokin Przewalski bashi da daji sosai, amma kawai ɗan zuriya ne na dawakan Botay na gida... Bari mu tuna cewa a cikin yarjejeniyar Botay (Arewacin Kazakhstan) ne aka fara ɗora dokin maƙaru game da shekaru dubu 5.5 da suka wuce. Wannan dabba mai ƙafafun kafa tana ɗauke da sunan Ingilishi "Przewalski`s dokin daji" da sunan Latin "Equus ferus przewalskii", ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wakilin ƙarshe na dawakai masu kyauta, kusan an ɓace gaba ɗaya daga fuskar duniya.
Jinsunan sun bayyana a fagen hangen nesan jama'a a cikin 1879 saboda godiya ga masanin ilmin kasar Rasha, masanin yanayin kasa da kuma matafiyi Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky, wanda daga baya aka sa masa suna.
Bayyanar
Doki ne na yau da kullun tare da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin mulki mai ƙarfi da ƙafa. Tana da nauyi mai nauyi, yana zaune a kan wuya mai kauri kuma an cika shi da kunnuwa masu matsakaici. Endarshen bakin abin bakin ciki (wanda ake kira "gari" kuma sau da yawa hanci "mole") yana da haske fiye da yanayin gaba ɗaya na jiki. Launin savrasai jiki ne mai yashi-rawaya wanda aka sanya shi da duhu (ƙasan hock) gabar jiki, jela da motsuwa. Belt mai launin ruwan kasa mai ɗorawa yana gudana daga baya daga wutsiya har ya bushe.
Mahimmanci! Gajere kuma mai fita kamar mohawk, motan ba shi da bangs. Bambanci na biyu daga dokin gida shine gajeren wutsiya, inda dogon gashi yake farawa a bayyane a ƙasa da tushe.
Jiki yawanci yakan dace da murabba'i. Dokin Przewalski yayi girma zuwa 1.2-1.5 m a busassun kuma 2.2-2.8 m a tsayi tare da matsakaicin nauyin kilogram 200 zuwa 300. A lokacin bazara, rigar ta fi haske fiye da lokacin sanyi, amma rigar lokacin hunturu ana rubanya ta rigar ƙasa mai kauri kuma ta fi ta bazara nesa ba kusa ba.
Hali da salon rayuwa
“Dokin daji na zaune ne a cikin jeji mai fadi, yana shayarwa kuma yana kiwo da daddare. Da rana, sai ta koma jeji, inda za ta huta har sai rana ta faɗi, ”- wannan shi ne yadda matafiyin ɗan Rasha Vladimir Efimovich Grum-Grzhimailo ya rubuta game da waɗannan halittu masu kyauta, waɗanda suka sadu da su a hamadar Dzungaria a ƙarshen karnin da ya gabata. An san kusan abubuwa da yawa game da salon rayuwar jinsin har sai da ya kusan zuwa ƙarshen halakarsa. A cikin layi daya tare da maido da yawan jama'a, sun fara nazarin yanayin rayuwa da halayyar dokin Przewalski, gano cewa a rana yana wucewa daga aiki ya huta sau da yawa.
Dawakai sun kafa al'ummomin tafi-da-gidanka wanda ya kunshi babban namiji da dozin mares tare da matasa... Waɗannan ƙananan garkunan suna da motsi sosai kuma an tilasta su ƙaura ba tare da tsayawa na dogon lokaci a wuri ɗaya ba, wanda makiyayar da ba ta daidaita ba ta bayyana. Filin Dzungarian, inda na karshe (kafin a sake gabatar da shi) Dawakin Przewalski suka rayu, ya ƙunshi tsaunuka masu taushi na ƙananan tuddai / tsaunuka, waɗanda ramuka da yawa suka yanke.
A cikin Dzungaria akwai gandun daji da ke kusa da gishirin gishiri da gutsuttsuren ciyawar gashin tsuntsu, waɗanda aka cakuda da kaurin tamarisk da saxaul. Kasancewa cikin busassun yanayi mai kaifi sosai na sauyi yana taimakawa ta maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, wanda a lokuta da dama kan sanya hanyar su a ƙasan tsaunuka.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dawakai na daji ba sa buƙatar ƙaura mai tsawo - danshi da abinci koyaushe suna kusa. Hijira na yanayi na garke a cikin layi madaidaiciya yawanci baya wuce kilomita 150-200.
Tsoffin dawakai, ba sa iya rufe harem, suna rayuwa da abinci su kaɗai.
Har yaushe dawakan Przewalski ke rayuwa
Masana ilmin namun daji sun gano cewa tsawon rayuwar jinsin yana gab da shekaru 25.
Wurin zama, mazauni
"Rawanin Yakin Dawakin Daji" (Takhiin-Shara-Nuru) shine asalin garin dokin Przewalski, wanda mazauna garin suka san shi da "takhi". Masana burbushin halittu sun ba da gudummawarsu wajen fayyace iyakokin zangon farko, wadanda suka tabbatar da cewa bai takaita ga Asiya ta Tsakiya ba, inda jinsin halittar yake a bude ga kimiyya. Bincike ya nuna cewa dokin Przewalski ya bayyana a ƙarshen Pleistocene. A gabas, yankin ya kusan kusan zuwa Tekun Pacific, zuwa yamma - zuwa Volga, a arewa, iyakar ta ƙare tsakanin 50-55 ° N, a kudu - a ƙasan manyan tsaunuka.
Dawakai na daji sun gwammace su zauna a kwarin da ba su wuce kilomita 2 sama da matakin teku ba ko kuma a busassun matakai... Dawakan Przewalski cikin natsuwa sun jimre da yanayin hamadar Dzungarian saboda yawan adadin gishiri da ɗan gishiri da aka zagaye da oases. A cikin waɗannan yankuna na hamada, dabbobi ba sa samun abinci da ruwa kawai, har ma da wadatattun wuraren fakewa.
Abinci na dokin Przewalski
Gogaggen goge yana jagorantar garken zuwa wurin kiwo, kuma shugaba yana taka rawar ta ƙarshe. Tuni kan makiyaya, an ayyana wasu jiga-jigai biyu, wadanda ke tsare abokan aikinsu na kiwo cikin lumana. Dawakai na asali waɗanda ke zaune a Dzungar Plain sun ci hatsi, shuke shuke, da shuke-shuke, gami da:
- ciyawar fuka-fukai;
- fescue;
- alkama;
- kara;
- wormwood da chiy;
- albasar daji;
- Karagan da saxaul.
Da farkon yanayin sanyi, dabbobi sun saba da samun abinci daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, suna yayyaga shi da ƙoshin gaban su.
Mahimmanci! Yunwa na farawa lokacin da aka maye gurbin narkewa da sanyi kuma slurry ya zama ɓawon kankara. Kofato-kofato ya zame, kuma dawakai ba sa iya kutsawa ta cikin ɓarin don isa ga ciyayi.
Af, dawakan Przewalski na zamani, waɗanda ake kiwo a gidajen zoo a duniya, sun dace da ƙayyadaddun ciyawar gida.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Dawakin Przewalski (kamar wakilan cikin gida na jinsi) suna samun balaga ta hanyar jimawa har zuwa shekaru 2, amma mayaƙan sun fara haihuwa sosai daga baya - kimanin shekaru biyar. Yin farautar jima'i yana da lokaci zuwa takamaiman lokaci: mares yawanci a shirye suke don saduwa daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta. Aringaukewar yana ɗaukar watanni 11-11.5, tare da dabba ɗaya tak a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Ana haifuwa ne a lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, lokacin da akwai wadatar wadatar abinci a kusa.
Makonni biyu bayan haihuwar, marainiyar a shirye take ta sake saduwa, don haka yaranta na iya bayyana kowace shekara... A karshen nakuda, mahaifiya tana cire ragowar ruwan amniotic da harshenta da lebenta kuma kuzaron ya bushe da sauri. Mintuna da yawa sun shude kuma cuban ya yi ƙoƙari ya miƙe, kuma bayan fewan awanni kaɗan zai iya rakiyar mahaifiyarsa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yaran da ba su wuce sati biyu ba suna kokarin tauna ciyawar, amma su ci gaba da cin abincin madara na tsawon watanni, duk da yawan abincin da ake shukawa a kowace rana.
An kori samarin yara, waɗanda ke da shekaru 1.5-2.5, daga rukunin dangi ko barin kansu, suna kafa kamfani na bachelors.
Makiya na halitta
A cikin daji, kerkeci sun yi wa dawakan Przewalski barazanar, dawakai daga cikinsu, amma, mutane masu koshin lafiya suna yaƙi ba tare da wahala ba. Mafarauta suna hulɗa da yara, tsofaffi da raunana dabbobi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata, masana kimiyyar halittu sun fahimci cewa dokin Przewalski yana bacewa, kuma a karshen shekarun 70s. babu daya daga cikin wakilan ta da ya kasance a dabi'a. Gaskiya ne, a cikin gandun daji da yawa na duniya, samfuran 20 masu dacewa don haifuwa sun rayu. A shekarar 1959, aka kira taron karawa juna sani na kasa da kasa karo na 1 kan kiyaye dawakin Przewalski (Prague), inda aka bullo da dabarun ceton jinsin.
Matakan sun yi nasara kuma sun haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin jama'a: a cikin 1972 ya ƙidaya 200, kuma a cikin 1985 - tuni 680. A daidai wannan shekarar ta 1985, sun fara neman wuraren da za su dawo da dawakan Przewalski zuwa daji. Masu sha'awar sun yi aiki mai yawa kafin dawakai na farko daga Holland da Tarayyar Soviet su iso yankin Khustain-Nuru (Mongolia).
Yana da ban sha'awa! Hakan ya faru ne a shekarar 1992, kuma yanzu ƙarni na uku yana ƙaruwa a can kuma akwai dawakai daban daban dawakai uku da aka saki cikin daji.
A yau, yawan dawakan Przewalski da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi sun kusan 300... La'akari da dabbobin da ke zaune a wuraren ajiyar ruwa da wuraren shakatawa, adadi yana da kyau - kusan mutane dubu 2 masu tsarkakakkiyar halitta. Kuma duk waɗannan dawakai na daji sun fito ne daga dabbobi 11 kawai da aka kama a farkon karnin da ya gabata a kan Dzungarian Plain da marainiyar gida mai sharaɗi.
A cikin 1899-1903, balaguron farko don kama dawakan Przewalski ya sami wadataccen ɗan kasuwa da mai ba da agaji Nikolai Ivanovich Assanov. Godiya ga zuriyarsa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da na 20, an sake cika ƙwallaye 55 da aka kama a yawancin Amurka da Turai (gami da Askania-Nova). Amma daga cikin su 11 ne kawai daga baya suka bada zuriya. Bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, wata marainiya da aka kawo Askania-Nova (Ukraine) daga Mongolia an haɗa ta da haifuwa. A halin yanzu, sake dawo da jinsunan da ke cikin littafin IUCN Red Data Book wanda aka yiwa alama a matsayin "dadadden yanayi" yana ci gaba.
