Nau'in gama gari ko santsi sabo ne na rukunin amhibians masu wutsiya. Shine mafi yawan nau'ikan jinsin halittu na kananan sababbi. Masanin ilimin halitta da mai bincike Karl Linnaeus ya fara bayanin wannan amphibian a cikin 1758.
Bayanin sabon abu
Mutane da yawa suna rikita newt da kadangaru ko toads.... Amma wannan dabbar, wacce zata iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa da kuma ta kasa, tana da wasu halaye na zahiri daban.
Bayyanar
A tsayi, girman sababbi ya fara daga 8 zuwa 9 cm. Fatar jikin tana ɗan bushewa. Cikin yana santsi. Launi ya dogara da nau'in, amma mafi yawan lokuta launin ruwan kasa ne-zaitun. Bugu da ƙari, sautin fata na iya canzawa a tsawon rayuwar. Sabbin nishaɗi kowane mako.
Kan yana da girma kuma yana da faɗi. An haɗa shi da jikin fusiform ta gajeriyar wuya. Wutsiyar kusan daidai take da jiki. Pafafu biyu na tsayi iri ɗaya. A gaba, yatsu uku ko hudu suna bayyane a sarari. Limafusoshin bayan kafa biyar ne.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Tritons suna ramawa saboda raunin gani sosai tare da haɓakar ƙamshi.
Mata da maza sun bambanta a waje. Na karshen suna da duhu a jiki. Bugu da kari, maza na kirkirar tsefe mai haske yayin saduwa. Sabbin suna da ikon da ba za a iya sabunta su ba. Zasu iya dawo da ba kawai sassan jiki ba, amma har gabobin ciki.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Sau da yawa suna rayuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na mutane da yawa a cikin ruwa mai tsafta. Zasu iya zama a cikin kananan wuraren waha, ramuka. Babban abu shine tafki ya dawwama. Yana son daskararren ruwan igiyar ruwa. Yana aiki a cikin ruwa a kowane lokaci. Suna tsayawa a zurfin da bai fi cm 50 ba. Suna shawagi don iska kowane minti na 5-7. Amma ga sababbi, kasancewar oxygen a cikin ruwa shi kansa yana da mahimmanci. Ba su da dare, saboda ba za su iya jure zafi da hasken rana ba. Koyaya, a lokacin ruwan sama, lokutan hasken rana na iya bayyana.
Sabbin suna fitar da gajeren sautuka a mita 3000-4000 Hz. A lokacin kaka, da zaran sanyi ya shigo, sabbi sukan motsa zuwa ƙasa kuma su ɓuya a ƙarƙashin tsirrai ganye. Zasu iya rarrafe cikin ramuka marasa kanana. Yanayin zafin jiki yana haifar da raguwa a cikin motsin sabbin abubuwa, har zuwa dushewa. Dabbobin hibernate.
Akwai lokuta idan an haɗu da yawancin mutane a cikin ɗakunan ƙasa da ɗakunan ajiya. Sun sami goma da ɗaruruwan sababbi, gabaɗaya suna hunturu ta wannan hanyar. A lokacin bazara suna komawa tafki. A wannan yanayin, zafin ruwan zai iya zama daga digiri 4 zuwa 12.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sabbin tsofaffi suna da ikon rayuwa ta ruwa da ta ƙasa. Suna numfashi tare da gill da huhu. Idan madatsar ruwa ta kafe, to ga wani lokaci sababbi na iya rayuwa, suna ɓoye a cikin yadudduka na algae masu kauri
Awari mara kyau a duniya. Amma a cikin ruwa suna nuna saurin gudu da motsi na motsi.
Sabbi nawa ke rayuwa
Yana nufin dogon rai a cikin duniyar dabbobi... Matsakaicin shekarun da suke rayuwa a cikin yanayin halitta shine shekaru 10-14. A cikin bauta, suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 28-30. Don wannan, masanan ruwa suna kirkirar yanayi na musamman don wadatar rayuwar waɗannan amphibians.
Misali, ana gina tafkin wucin gadi da zurfin aƙalla cm 10. Ruwan ruwa don lita 30-40 ya dace. Yawancin lokaci, ana rarraba sarari zuwa sassan ƙasa da sassan ruwa. Saurin faduwar kasa an yi shi ne da duwatsu ko tsakuwa. Dole ne a yi mafaka a ciki. Yankunan tafki a kowane hali ana yin su da kaifi, in ba haka ba dabba zai sami rauni. Gidan yana cike da yawan shuke-shuke. Don haka, sabon ya sami kwanciyar hankali da aminci. Ana buƙatar matatar ruwa.
Kejin ya fi kyau sanya daga samfuran haske kai tsaye. Sabbi basa jure zafi da bude fitila, suna fara rashin lafiya kuma suna iya mutuwa. Matsakaicin zazzabi na sama ya zama bai fi digiri 25 ba. Matsakaici 15-17 digiri Celsius. Tabbatar rufe terrarium tare da murfi, saboda sau da yawa dabbar tana tserewa. Sau ɗaya a cikin yanayin ɗakin, yana da matukar wahalar ganowa. A cikin bauta, kiyaye maza biyu zai haifar da fadan kullun. Zai fi kyau a kiyaye maza da mata.
Sabbin samfuran sabbin yau da kullun
Daga cikin ƙananan abubuwan da aka saba dasu sun bambanta:
- Nau'in gama gari Na asali, mafi yawan ƙananan raƙuman ruwa. Yana faruwa daga Ireland zuwa Yammacin Siberia. Daga siffofin halayyar, yana da babban hakora haƙori a baya.
- Inabi ko sabon salo. Yana zaune a Romania. Daga cikin siffofin halayyar shine ɗan gajeren gajere, kawai 2-4 mm.
- Aretic newt. An rarraba a Girka, Macedonia.
- Cosswig's Triton. Ya fi zama a Turkiyya.
- Triton Lanza. Mahalli: kudancin Rasha, Georgia, Azerbaijan, arewacin Armenia. Wuraren da suka fi so shine gishiri mai hade da hade daji. Tsawon jiki 6-8 mm.
- Kudu newt. An samo shi a arewacin Italiya, kudancin Switzerland.
- Schmidtler's Triton. An rarraba a yankin yamma na Turkiyya.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Newt gama gari yana rayuwa inda akwai ciyayi masu yalwa. An rarraba kusan ko'ina cikin duniya. Suna zaune a Yammacin Turai, Kudancin da Arewacin Amurka, Asiya, da Yammacin Siberia. An same su har zuwa mita 1500 sama da matakin teku.
Sun fi son zama a hade da dazuzzuka masu dausayi, masu wadataccen daji. Guji buɗaɗɗun wuraren bushewa. Koyaya, idan a cikin busassun wuri akwai matattarar ruwa, madawwami, to sababbi suna cikin nutsuwa suna zama a ciki.
Abinci na kowa newt
Tushen abincin a cikin tafkin ya kunshi ɓawon burodi, ƙwarin kwari da sauran ɓarna... Ba ya ƙi caviar, kazalika da tadpoles. A kan ƙasa - slugs, earthworms, larvae. Suna nuna babban aikin abinci a cikin ruwa. Hakanan, a kan ƙasa, abincin sabon mutum na iya zama na tsakiya, mites na kwasfa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Balaga tana farawa tun kimanin shekaru biyu da haihuwa. Ayyuka suna farawa nan da nan bayan ƙarshen rashin himma, daga misalin Maris. Yayinda ake saduwa, maza suna canzawa. Suna haɓaka tsefe tare da ɗamarar shuɗi da kalar lemu. Theunƙun yana cike da jijiyoyin jini, wanda ke ba wa mutum ƙarin oxygen. Bugu da ƙari, maza suna haɓaka lobes tsakanin yatsun kafa.
Ana iya rarrabe mace da namiji ta hanyar fasalin cloaca. A cikin maza yana da girma kuma yana da girma, kuma a mata ana nuna shi. Maza, kasancewa cikin ruwa, suna neman mata da ƙwazo. Don yin wannan, ganin mutum mai yuwuwa, suna iyo sama suna shakar hanci, taɓa bakin bakin. Bayan sun tabbatar da cewa wannan mace ce, sai suka fara rawa.
Rawar mating na newt tana da ban sha'awa da ban mamaki. Nunin ya fara ne da namiji a hankali yana juyi gaba da baya, yana iyo har zuwa mace. Sannan ya tsaya akan kafafun gaba. Bayan secondsan daƙiƙoƙi kaɗan, tare da lanƙwasa ta wutsiya mai ƙarfi, tana tura kwararar ruwa kai tsaye akan mace. Bayan haka, namiji yana doke kansa da jelarsa da dukkan ƙarfinsa, yayin lura da tasirin sha'awar. Hakanan, idan mace tana son motsawar, sai ta bar ta kuma bar ta ta bi ta.
Tsarin mating da kanta shima sabon abu ne. Namiji ya shimfiɗa maniyyin sa na jini a kan raƙuman ruwa, kuma mace ta ɗauke su da cloaca. Yana manne a gefunan spacmatophores na cloaca, wanda sai ya faɗa cikin spermotheca - wani nau'in baƙin ciki a cikin hanyar aljihu.
Daga can, maniyyi ya ruga zuwa ga ƙwai da ke fitowa da takin. Daga nan sai tsarin haɓaka ya fara. Yana dadewa sosai, kusan wata daya kenan. Akwai kwai har zuwa 700 a cikin zuriyar, kuma kowannensu, mace a tsanake kuma cikin wahala, tana nade kuma tana mannawa da ganyen.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ananan mata sun fi son ƙananan maza. Hakanan, manyan maza suna iya nuna sha'awar manyan mata.
Bayan sati 3, sababbin larvae sun bayyana. Jikinsu mai rauni ne, kawai 6 mm, launi mai haske tare da ɗigon haske zagaye a gefunan. Baya na iya zama ko rawaya ko rawaya-ja. Amma launuka sun dushe, masu haske. Abu na farko da ya bunkasa daidai shine wutsiya. Gudun motsi shine tikiti don rayuwa. Amma jin ƙamshi yana bayyana ne kawai bayan kwanaki 9-10.
Amma, bayan awanni 48, an yanke bakin, kuma jariran sababbi sun fara kama ganima da kansu. Mafi sau da yawa suna ciyarwa akan tsutsa sauro. Da farko, numfashi na motsawa, ta lokacin balaga, numfashin huhu ya bayyana. A cikin matakan larval, ana furta gills na fuka-fukan waje a cikin sababbi. Gabobin baya sun fara bayyana a ranakun 21-22 na rayuwa.
Newt na tsawon watanni biyu zuwa uku, sabon yana haɓaka da haɓaka, sannan yayi ƙoƙari ya mallaki ƙasar a karon farko... A lokacin da suka sauka a kan tudu, tsawon jiki yakai cm 4-5. Bayan haifuwa ta farko, waɗannan amphibians sun fara rayuwa cikakke a ƙasa. Fatar sabuwar sabuwar tana fitar da wani dafi wanda baya cutarwa ga mutane, amma yana lalata kananan dabbobi.
Makiya na halitta
Sabon na kowa yana da abokan gaba na halitta. Mutane da yawa ba sa damuwa da gwada su don cin abincin rana. Farawa daga takwarorinsu - sabbabin buɗaɗɗe da kwadin tafki, suna ƙare da kifi, macizai, macizai. Tsuntsaye da wasu dabbobin suma suna cin sabbin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa a kan ƙasa a wasu lokuta. A cikin Rasha, pike, irin kifi da perch suna matukar son kifi daga kifi. Daga tsuntsaye, makiya sune launin toka, mallard, teal. Dabbobi masu shayarwa sune ruwan ruwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Saboda raguwar mutane, an sanya shi a cikin Littafin Ja a Rasha, Azerbaijan. Anyi la'akari da shi a matsayin nau'ikan da ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin Burtaniya da Switzerland. An kiyaye shi ta Yarjejeniyar Berne. Babban dalilin da yasa aka samu karuwar jama'a shine aka san shi da yawan rufe jikin ruwa - manyan matsugunan sabbin.
A cikin Rasha, ana kiyaye ta bisa ƙa'ida ta dokokin tarayya na Tarayyar Rasha "A kan Dabba ta Duniya", "Kan Yankuna na Musamman na Musamman", da kuma umarnin Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli da Albarkatun ofasa na Tarayyar Rasha Mai lamba 126 na 4 ga Mayu, 1994 A'a.
