Macaque na Japan

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Macaque na Japan Shin biri ne mafi ban mamaki a duniya. Ba kamar takwarorinta masu ladabi da zafi ba, yana rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na dutsen Kuttara mai aman wuta da damuna mai sanyi. Macaca fuscata ya zauna a kewayen babbar kogon da ke geothermal

Dusar ƙanƙara da yanayin zafi a lokacin sanyi suna tare da ginshiƙan hayaƙi da tururin da ke ɓarkewa daga hanjin duniya. Birai ba kawai sun koyi zama ne a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na tsibirin ba, har ma sun dace da amfani da karfin duniya. Hotunan birai marassa kyau a cikin ruwa a tsakiyar dusar ƙanƙara da tururi suna mamakin surrealism. Masu yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna sha'awar irin wannan hoto mai ban mamaki.

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Hotuna: macaque na Japan

Macaca fuscata wata dabba ce mai shayarwa daga tsarin birrai. Na dangi ne na biri, wadanda suka kunshi nau'uka sama da 20. A farkon 19th, masana kimiyya sun samo kuma sun bayyana ƙananan ƙungiyoyi biyu na macaque na Jafananci, kuma daga baya sun inganta waɗannan sunaye a cikin littattafan nazarin ilimin dabbobi:

  • Macaca fuscata fuscata, 1875;
  • Macaca fuscata yakui Kuroda, 1941.

Ana samun birin dusar ƙanƙara kusan a duk faɗin yankin Tsibirin Jafananci.

Largestungiyoyin da suka fi girma suna mai da hankali ne a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa:

  • Hell Valley, ma'auratan ƙasa Sikotsu-Toya na Tsibirin Hokkaido;
  • Jigokudani, sanannen Gidan Biri a Arewacin Honshu;
  • Meiji No Mori Mino Quasi-National Park kusa da Osaka.

Ragowar farkon macaques ya samo asali ne daga farkon Pliocene. Jinsin ya haura shekaru miliyan 5. Ragowar tsoffin wakilan jinsin sun nuna cewa wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun rayu daga mammoth kuma sun ga farkon Neanderthals. Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa macaques na Japan sun isa tsibirin Japan ta hanyar tsallaka tsibirin daga Koriya a lokacin Middle Pleistocene shekaru 500,000 da suka wuce.

Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali

Hotuna: macaque na Japan a tushe

A waje, macaques din Japan ya banbanta da wadanda suka hadu da su ta dogon, mai kauri shida da jan fata. A Japan, ana kiransu ja-fuska. Fuskar, ƙafafun da gindi sun kasance a buɗe a cikin birai. Ulu mai kauri ya bayyana sakamakon juyin halitta kuma yana taimakawa rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi na wannan nau'in. Launi ya fara daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai rawaya.

Macaques suna da ƙaramin, jikin squat. Suna da karamin wutsiya, da kananan kunnuwa da kuma wani kokon kai mai tsayi irin na macaques. Idanun suna masu ruwan kasa masu danshi mai launin rawaya. Birai na wannan nau'in suna da kyakkyawar fahimta da ma'ana.

Bidiyo: macaque na Japan

Nauyin wannan nau'in bai wuce kilo 12 ba. A cikin macaques na Jafananci, an bayyana dimorphism na jima'i. Maza sun fi mata tsayi da girma. Mafi girman maza sun kai kilogiram 11.5 kuma sun yi girma zuwa 60 cm a tsayi. Mata suna da nauyin nauyin kilo 8.4 tare da tsayi na 52-53 cm.

Masana kimiyya sun lura da alaƙar da ke tsakanin nauyin jikin macaques na Japan da yanayi. Macaka ta Jafananci a yankunan kudanci ba ta da nauyi sosai fiye da yankuna na arewa masu tsaunuka, inda akwai dusar ƙanƙara a cikin watannin hunturu.

Macaka ta Japan da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai kyau suna da kwanyar da ta fi ta waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin mawuyacin hali. A na farko, tsawon kwanyar namiji yakai 13,4 cm, a mata 11.8 cm A rukuni na biyu, an ɗan rage kwanyar: a cikin maza - 12.9 cm, a mata - 1.5 cm.

Ina macaques na Japan suke rayuwa?

Hoto: macaque na Japan a lokacin sanyi

Wurin zama na Macaca fuscata - Tsibirin Japan. Ana iya samun Macaques na wannan nau'in a duk yankin tsibirin da tsibirin. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu subtropical da subalpine. Yankin arewa mafi nisa daga zangon yana faduwa ne a sanadiyyar yanayin sanyi da dazuzzuka. Wannan yankin yana da matsakaicin zazzabi na 10.9 ˚C da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na 1,500 mm.

A yankin kudancin kewayon su, macaec din kasar Japan suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka masu dausayi. A wannan yankin, matsakaita zafin jiki 20 ˚C, kuma matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara ya kai 3000 mm. Dukkanin kewayon yana da yanayin tsananin damuna. Sungiyoyin birrai sun sauko daga 2000 m ƙasa don lokacin sanyi. Duk macaques na Japan suna yin watanni na hunturu a cikin filayen ƙasa.

A lokacin bazara, ana iya ganin birai a tsawan tsawa har zuwa mita 3200. A lokacin watannin hunturu, kungiyoyi galibi suna saukowa zuwa yankuna masu dumi, a mita 1800 sama da matakin teku. Ba a samun macaques na Japan ba kawai a tsakiyar tsibirin ba. Sun zauna a bakin teku, a yankin tabkuna har ma a yankunan dausayi.

A farkon shekarun 70 na ƙarni na XX, a matsayin gwaji, an ɗauke nau'i-nau'i 25 na Macaca fuscata zuwa gidan kiwo a Texas. Birai sun sami kansu cikin yanayin da ba kwatankwacin jinsinsu ba. Canjin canjin yanayi da abubuwan fifikon abinci ya yi barazanar lalacewa. Da yawa daga cikinsu sun mutu. Amma biri mai dusar kankara ya nuna kaddarorin rayuwa na musamman. Ma'aurata sun daidaita kuma sun yawaita.

Bayan shekaru 20, yawan ya murmure kuma ya karu. Koyaya, saboda rashin halin ɗabi'a na mutanen da suka kasa shawo kan ƙungiyar, dabbobin sun tsere zuwa cikin namun daji na Tekun Texas. Birai da suka fada cikin daji suna fama da yunwa da ƙishirwa. Mutane da dabbobi ne suka farautar su. Bayan shiga tsakani na masu fafutukar kare hakkin dabbobi, an kama birai zuwa yankin da aka kiyaye.

Menene macaque na Japan ya ci?

Photo: Jafananci Macaque

Macaque na Jafananci yana da komai kuma yana cin abinci iri-iri. Akwai nau'ikan shuka sama da 200 a cikin abincin su. Abincin ya kunshi yanayin bazara, bazara da damina-damina. Akwai yalwa a cikin dazukan Japan a lokacin kaka. 'Ya'yan itacen Juicy,' ya'yan itacen marmari da kuma 'ya'yan itacen da suka nuna. Macaques ba sa watsi da ƙarancin tsire-tsire masu girma, tsaba, kwayoyi da tushen ƙanshi.

A lokacin bazara, birai suna neman tsiron farko na gora da fern a cikin ganyen shekarar da ta gabata. Tona sabbin ciyawa, suna cikin neman samarin samari a cikin bishiyoyi da shrubs. Wasu daga cikin abincin sun kasance a cikin dazuzzuka tun shekarar bara. Birai suna samun sa daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, ganyen da suka faɗi, gansakuka. A lokacin bazara, dabbobi sun fara fuskantar ƙarancin abinci. Ana cin ƙananan kwari, waɗanda ke tashi daga rashin barci cikin tsammanin dumi.

A lokacin bazara, birai suna cin abinci a kan ƙwai, waɗanda tsuntsaye ke kwanciya a cikin bishiyoyi da kogon duwatsu. Birai masu dusar ƙanƙara suna son naman kaza, waɗanda suke da yawa a cikin dazuzzuka masu inuwa da daɗaƙƙen ƙasar Japan a duk shekara. Namomin kaza suna girma a ƙasa da bishiyoyi. Birai sun san yadda ake nemo su a kowane lokaci na shekara.

Kusan kowace shekara, abincin yana dogara ne akan kwayoyi da 'ya'yan itace. A cikin hunturu da farkon bazara, kwayoyi da suka rage daga faɗuwa da daskararre, berriesan itacen da ba a ci ba sun faɗi cikin rubutuna. An lura cewa birai ba sa kyamar tauna haushi da ƙasa. Suna farautar ƙananan dabbobi. Macaques na bakin teku suna son farautar kawa, kifi, kadoji da sauran halittun teku.

Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Macaque na Jafananci dabba

Macaque na Jafananci dabba ne mai ban sha'awa, mai nutsuwa da abokantaka tare da hanyar rayuwarsa. Babban hankali yana bawa Macaca fuscata damar tsira daga dogon lokacin sanyi na sama da kwanaki 120. Organizationungiyoyi da ƙa'idodin da aka kirkira a cikin rukunin farko suna taimakawa rayuwa cikin yanayin sanyi.

Kodayake macaques na Japan suna da kauri da gashi mai laushi, ba masu hana ruwa gudu ba. Fitowa daga wanka mai zafi a lokacin sanyi, birai suna daskarewa kuma zasu iya yin rashin lafiya. Don 'yan ƙabilar su sami damar zama cikin ruwan dumi muddin zai yiwu, daidaikun mutane suna kan aikin ƙasa. Kasancewa daga cikin ruwa, suna kiyaye kewayen, sa ido don aminci, kuma suna ba da abinci ga waɗanda suka rage a cikin wanka. Idan lokacin su ya huta, sai su nitse cikin ruwan.

Macaques na Japan sun saba da ƙwarewar tsabta. Suna wanke abincinsu, suna tsarkake shi daga ƙasa mai saura, har ma suna tsaftace shi kafin cin abinci. Bugu da ƙari, macaques na Japan na iya amfani da ruwa don laushi abinci. Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa sukan jiƙa hatsi kafin su ci su.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Macaca fuscata sun san yadda kuma suke son more rayuwa. Nishaɗin nasu lokaci ne. A lokacin hunturu, suna jin daɗin tsallewa daga dutsen da yin ƙwallon dusar ƙanƙara. Wannan babban hazikan an lura dashi a cikin addini, almara da fasaha na Japan, harma da karin magana da maganganu marasa kyau.

Birin dusar ƙanƙara yana jagorancin rayuwar yau da kullun, wanda galibi ke faruwa a cikin bishiyoyi. Macaques na Japan suna da hanyoyin sadarwar su. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa birai ma suna da yarensu yayin kunna sauti. Bugu da kari, suna amfani da yanayin fuska da ishara tare da taimakon abinda suke watsa bayanai da sadarwa. Don bayyana tunani da motsin rai, macaques na amfani da fuskoki iri daban-daban, nuna hakora, daga girare, har ma da daga kunnuwa.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hotuna: Baby Japanese Macaque

Primates suna rayuwa cikin rukuni. Sun haɓaka tsattsauran matsayi. Alpha maza suna da damar samun abinci da farko, sannan sauran mambobin shirya, gwargwadon matsayin su.

Macaques suna ba da ƙwarewar da aka samu da ilimin ga zuriyarsu. Kare matasa, raba abinci, raba sigina don yin gargaɗi game da haɗari. Membobin rukuni suna kula da juna, suna taimakawa farautar masu cutar, kuma su kirkiri kuma su kula da zamantakewar cikin kungiyar. Yawancin kulawa ana yin su ne tsakanin ‘yan’uwa, yawanci uwaye da‘ ya’ya mata.

Macaques suna da alaƙa tsakanin maza da mata, saduwa, ciyarwa, hutawa, da tafiya yayin lokacin saduwa. Alfa maza suna da damar zabar mace. Kari akan haka, galibi suna karya ƙawance da mazan da ke ƙasa da su a cikin matsayi. Mata suna saduwa da maza na kowane matsayi, amma sun fi son masu rinjaye. Koyaya, mace ce zata yanke shawarar yin aure.

Ciki ya kare da haihuwa kwana 180 bayan samun ciki. Mace tana haihuwar ɗiya ɗaya, da wuya ƙwarai biyu. Maza sukan balaga bayan shekaru 6, mata bayan shekaru 4. Ana haihuwar Kubiyu da gashi mai duhu mai duhu. Tsakanin makonni biyar zuwa shida, yara suna fara cin abinci mai ƙarfi kuma suna iya ciyar da kansu ba tare da iyayensu mata ba a farkon mako bakwai.

Mata na ɗaukar theira babiesan su a ciki cikin makonni huɗu na farko. Bayan wannan lokaci a baya. Haka kuma tsofaffin maza suna shiga cikin tarbiyyar generationan ƙanana. Suna aiki tare da jarirai, suna ciyar dasu har ma suna ɗauke su a bayansu, kamar yadda mata suke yi.

Abokan gaba na macaque na Japan

Photo: Jafananci Macaque Red Book

Saboda takamaiman matsugunin mazauni, adadin makiya na halitta na birrai a cikin yanayi yana da iyaka. Groupsungiyoyin birai daban-daban na iya samun barazanar yanayi daban-daban dangane da mazaunin masu farautar kansu.

Hatsarin na iya zuwa daga ƙasa, bishiyoyi har ma daga sama:

  • Tanuki karnukan beraye ne. Suna zaune kusan a cikin Japan;
  • Kuliyoyin daji - da aka samo a tsibirin Tsushima da Iriomote. Ba su fi 250 da suka rage a cikin daji ba;
  • Macizai masu dafi suna dawwama a ɓangaren ƙasar gaba ɗaya da dausayi;
  • Foxes na tsibirin Honshu;
  • Dutsen Mikiya - tsuntsaye suna zama a cikin tsaunukan tuddai.

Babban haɗari ga birrai, duk da haka, mutane ne. Suna shan wahala daga manoma, masu satar itace da kuma mafarauta. Yawan dabbobi yana raguwa saboda ci gaban ƙasar noma, ginawa da haɓaka hanyar sadarwa.

Babban dalilin raguwar yawan makaƙan Japan shine lalata mazauninsu. Wannan yana tilasta biri don daidaitawa da nemo abinci a wajen yankin da aka saba. Kimanin makaka 5,000 ake kashewa a kowace shekara, duk da cewa nau'ikan kariya ne, saboda suna afkawa gonakin da ke kusa da su don neman abinci kuma ta haka ne suke lalata amfanin gona.

Tunda ana daukar macaques a matsayin kwari na noma kuma yana haifar da babbar illa ga manoma, an buɗe musu farautar da ba ta dace. A cikin 1998, an kashe makaƙan Japan sama da 10,000. Bayan wargazawa ba tare da tunani ba, gwamnatin kasar ta dauki matsalar kare macaque na kasar Japan.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Photo: Biri na Japan macaque

Adadin macaques na dusar ƙanƙan daji a tsibiran Tekun Japan a mazauninsu ya fi birai 114,430. A tsawon shekaru, wannan adadi yana ƙaruwa ko raguwa dangane da yanayin ɗabi'a.

Dabbobi gama gari ne a duk manyan tsibirai a Japan:

  • Hokkaido;
  • Honshu;
  • Shikoku;
  • Kyushu;
  • Yakushima.

Mafi yawan mazaunan macaques na Japan ana samunsu a ƙarshen arewacin tsibirin Honshu - sama da kawuna 160. Southernarshen kudu yana kan tsibirin Yakushima ne da ke kusa da kudancin tekun Japan. An ba da yawan jama'a na kansa - M.f. Yakui. Akwai sama da mutane 150 a cikin kungiyar a kan Yakushima. Populationananan mazaunan 600 suna zaune a Texas, Amurka kuma ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa na gida suna kiyaye shi.

Baya ga namun daji, macaques na Japan suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin da suka saba a yankin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasar Japan. Musamman, kuna iya ganin birai na dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar ziyartar Sikotsu-Toya Lake National Park a tsibirin Hokkaido, da filin shakatawa na Meiji No Mori Mino da ke ƙasan Dutsen Mino a arewacin Osaka, ko zuwa tsibirin Honshu a cikin Jigokudani Park.

A cewar masana kimiyya, yawan jama'a ya daidaita, ba ya haifar da damuwa, amma yana buƙatar kulawa da ɗan adam da kulawa.

Adana kayan macaque na Japan

Hotuna: macaques na Japan daga littafin Red Book

Gwamnatin Japan ta tabbatar da lafiyar jinsin. Tsibiran Japan guda uku na Honshu, Shikoku da Kyushu suna da wuraren ajiyar yanayi da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa inda birai zasu iya haɓaka kuma su hayayyafa a muhallinsu. Coananan yankuna na macaques suna zaune duk tsibirin Tekun Japan.

Macaca fuscata an jera a cikin Littafin Ja. Matsayin jinsin yana da karko kuma shine batun mafi karancin damuwa dangane da tsarin duniya. Koyaya, a farkon karnin da ya gabata, saboda halayen ɗan adam mara kyau, macaque ɗin Japan yana gab da halaka.

A cewar US ESA, biri mai dusar ƙanƙara yana cikin haɗari. Acaungiyoyin Macaca fuscata yakui daga Tsibirin Yakushima an lasafta su azaman nau'ikan haɗari daga IUCN. A ƙarshen karnin da ya gabata, akwai makka tsakanin 35,000 zuwa 50,000 a Japan. Hanya ɗaya ko wata, ayyukan ɗan adam suna shafar haɓaka da ƙiwar yawan macaques na dusar ƙanƙara.

Gaskiyar Abin Sha'awa: Akwai sanannun lokuta na ƙungiyoyin macaque da ke mamaye ƙauyuka tare da tsoratar da ƙauyuka, bi su da ƙwace abinci daga hannun yara. Macaques sun mamaye yankin ɗan adam ba kawai don neman abinci ba, har ma don neman hanyoyin dumi. Don hana farmaki daga birai, an yanke shawarar samar da hanyoyin da yawa don macaques daga Nagano. Wannan ya faru ne bayan birai sun yi kokarin kwace yankin sanannen wurin shakatawa.

Kafa cibiyoyin ciyarwa don ceton makaka da kuma hana su biyun zuwa gonakin da ke kusa ya ci tura har zuwa wani lokaci, tunda an kirkiro mazaunan macaque a wadannan yankuna ta hanyar kere-kere.

Macaque na Japan Dabba ce ta musamman. Wannan ita ce kadai rayayyar halitta a doron duniya banda mutane, ta hanyar amfani da zafin duniya rayuwa mai ma'ana. Yana da haɓaka ƙwarewar ilimi sosai. Ba ta jin tsoron ruwa kuma tana iyo cikin bahar sama da sama da kilomita don neman abinci wasu lokuta kuma nishaɗi. Birin dusar ƙanƙarar yana yin kyakkyawar hulɗa da mutane da sauran dabbobi.

Ranar bugawa: 04/14/2019

Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 20:37

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Kalli bidiyon: SNOW MONKEYニホンザル. 地獄谷野猿公苑 Cute Baby First Snow Life 6 (Nuwamba 2024).