Waɗannan mazaunan savannah na Afirka sun fito ba kawai don yawansu ba, har ma don baƙon abu na waje. Da alama yanayin bai dame su da yawa ba kuma ya “makantar da su” daga abin da ke hannun: kai da ƙahonin sa, motsin doki, jikin saniya, gemu na akuyar dutse, da wutsiyar jaki. Hasali ma, ita dabbar daji ce. Wildebeest shine mafi shahara a cikin jinsunan dabbobin daji da ke rayuwa a Duniya.
Mazaunan Afirka na yankin sun kira dawa da "dabbobin daji". Kuma kalmar "wildebeest" tazo mana daga Hottentots, a matsayin kwaikwayon sauti makamancin wanda wadannan dabbobi ke yi.
Bayanin Wildebeest
Wildebeest mai yawan kwalliya ce, mai yawan kayan kere-kere, dangin bovids... Yana da dangi na kusa, a waje kwata-kwata ba kamar su - fadamar antelopes da congoni. Akwai nau'ikan Wildebeest guda 2, gwargwadon nau'in launi - shuɗi / shuɗi da fari-wutsiyoyi. Nau'ikan farin-wutsiya sun fi wuya. Ana iya samun sa ne kawai a cikin ajiyar yanayi.
Bayyanar
Ba za a iya kiran dabbar daji ba jariri - kilogiram 250 na nauyi mai kusan mita ɗaya da rabi a tsayi. Jiki yana da ƙarfi, an ɗora shi a kan siririn ƙafafu ƙafa. Wannan alamomin yana haifar da wani bakon yanayi na rashin hankali a cikin bayyanar dabbar. Don ƙara wannan babban ɗan bijimin, wanda aka yi wa kambi da kaifi, lanƙwasa ƙaho sama da ɗan akuya - ya zama abin dariya gaba ɗaya, har ma da izgili. Musamman lokacin da Wildebeest ya ba da murya - saukar da hanci a cikin savannas na Afirka. Ba abin da ya faru ba ne cewa an rarrabe dabbar dabbar ta zama gida na musamman - dabbobin shanu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin dabbar daji, ana saka ƙaho ba mazan ba, har ma mata. Horahonin maza sun fi kauri da nauyi.
Jikin dabbar dabbar an rufe ta da gashi. Shudayen shudi suna da ratsiyoyi masu baƙar fata a gefunan jiki a kan babban launin toka mai duhu ko azurfa-shuɗi. Farin wutsiran wildebeest, kansu duk baƙi ne ko launin ruwan kasa, ana rarrabe su ne kawai da wutsiyar farin dusar ƙanƙara da man baki da fari. A waje, sun yi kama da barewa.
Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a
Yanayin Wildebeest don dacewa da bayyanarsa - mai cike da asali da saɓani. Wildebeests na iya gudu zuwa kilomita 70 a awa ɗaya.
- Rashin tabbas - 'yan mintoci kaɗan da suka wuce, cikin lumana ta saƙa ciyawar, tana girgiza jelarta daga ƙwayoyin cuta. Kuma yanzu, yagyara idanunsa, ya kauce ya ruga kai tsaye, ba tare da gano hanyoyi da hanyoyi ba. Kuma dalilin irin wannan fashewar ba zato ba tsammani bane mai farauta. Haɗuwa da firgita farat ɗaya da mahaukaciyar halayya halayyar Wildebeest - wannan duk dalilai ne.
Hakanan, yanayin wannan dabba yana canzawa sosai. Ko dai ya kunshi rashin laifi na tsire-tsire da salama, to sai ya zama da haɗari ba zato ba tsammani - ya fara kai farmaki ga wasu shuke-shuke da ke kusa, da shura, da tsalle, da butt. Haka kuma, yana yin hakan ba tare da wani dalili ba.
Harin ta'addancin da bai dace ba halayyar ta Wildebeest ce - wannan duk dalilai ne. Ba don komai ba cewa a cikin gidan namun daji, ana kira ga ma'aikata da su yi taka tsantsan da taka tsantsan dangane da Wildebeest, ba kuma bauna ba, misali. - Kiwo - Ana kiyaye gnuwan Gnu a garken garken dabbobi da yawa, yawansu yakai kai 500 lokaci guda. Yana da sauƙin rayuwa a cikin mahalli mai lalata dabbobi. Idan wani shi kaɗai ya lura da haɗarin, to nan da nan ya gargaɗi sauran da siginar sauti, sannan garken duka ya yi sauri ya tarwatse.
Irin wannan dabarar ce, kuma ba tare da ana ƙwanƙwasawa ba, ke ba Gnu damar kawar da abokan gaba da siyan lokaci. Idan aka manna wannan ɓarke a bango, to zai fara kare kansa da ƙarfi - bugawa da gindi. Ko zakuna ba sa fuskantar haɗarin afkawa lafiyayyen mutum, suna zaɓar raunana, dabbobin da ba su da lafiya ko 'ya'yan da ba su da lafiya don amfaninsu. - Yankin ƙasa - kowane garken Wildebeest yana da nasa filin, wanda shugaban yayi alama kuma ya kiyaye shi. Idan baƙo ya keta iyakokin yankin da aka keɓe, to Wildebeest, a farkon farawa, zai nuna rashin jin daɗinsa da haɗari da haɗari, tsawa da bulala ƙasa da ƙaho. Idan waɗannan matakan tsoratarwa basu da wani tasiri, to Wildebeest zai "nabychitsya" - zai sunkuyar da kansa ƙasa kuma ya shirya kai hari. Girman ƙaho yana ba da damar wannan ɓarke ya zama mai gamsarwa sosai a cikin rikice-rikice na yanki.
- Rashin natsuwa - Gnu Gnu baya dadewa a wuri daya. Migrationauracewar da suke yi koyaushe yana ƙarfafawa ta hanyar neman abinci - ciyawa mai ƙaramin ruwa mai tsiro a wuraren da akwai ruwa kuma lokacin damina ya wuce.
Gudun hijirar waɗannan dabbobin yana faruwa daga Mayu zuwa Nuwamba, koyaushe a hanya ɗaya - daga kudu zuwa arewa da akasin haka, tsallaka koguna ɗaya, shawo kan matsaloli iri ɗaya.
Wannan hanyar ta zama ainihin hanyar rayuwa. A kan hanya akwai binciken marasa tausayi na raunana da marasa lafiya. Wadanda suka fi karfi ne kawai, wadanda suka fi lafiya kuma… masu rabo suka sami damar zuwa karshen lamarin. Sau da yawa, dabbobin dabbar Wildebeest ba suna mutuwa daga haƙoran masu farautar, amma a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun danginsu, suna hanzari a cikin babbar garken cikin tsawa ko kuma lokacin ketare kogi, lokacin da ake murƙushewa a gaɓar tekun. Ba duk Wildebeest ke da sha'awar canza wurare ba. Idan garken yana da sabo da ciyawa, to zai zauna lafiya.
Son ruwa... Wildebeest masu shan ruwa ne. Suna buƙatar ruwa da yawa don sha, sabili da haka suna farin cikin zaɓar bakin tafki na wuraren kiwo, muddin babu kadoji masu zubar da jini a wurin. Ruwa mai kyau, ruwan wanka mai laka da ciyawar ciyawa sune mafarkin kowane dabbar daji.
Son sani... Ana ganin wannan halin don Wildebeest. Idan wannan dabbar dajin tana da sha'awar wani abu, to yana iya zuwa kusa da abun. Son sani zai rinjayi tsoran yanayi.
Yawancin dabbobin daji da yawa suna rayuwa
A cikin daji, an saki Wildebeest tsawon shekara 20, ba ƙari. Akwai hadari da yawa a rayuwarta. Amma a cikin fursuna, tana da kowace dama don ƙara yawan rayuwarta zuwa rubu'in karni.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Wildebeest mazauna yankin Afirka ne, yankunan kudu da gabashi. Yawancin mutanen - 70% sun zauna a Kenya. Sauran kashi 30% sun zauna a Namibia da wasu ƙasashen Afirka, suna fifita filayen ciyawa, dazuzzuka da wurare tare da ruwa, suna guje wa yankunan busassun savanna.
Abincin Abincin Wildebeest
Wildebeest shine ciyawar shuke-shuke. Wannan yana nufin cewa tushen abincinta shine abincin shuka - ciyawa mai ƙanshi mai ɗaci, har zuwa 10 cm tsayi. Dogayen dogayen bishiyoyin Wildebeest ba su da ɗanɗano, sabili da haka ta fi son yin kiwo a wuraren kiwo bayan dawa, lokacin da suka lalata babban ci gaba, wanda ke toshe hanyar zuwa ƙaramar ciyawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Don awanni 1 na hasken rana, Wildebeest yana cin ciyawar kilogiram 4-5, yana ciyarwa har zuwa awanni 16 a rana akan irin wannan aikin.
Ganin ƙarancin abincin da aka fi so, Wildebeest na iya sauka zuwa masu maye, ganyen shrubs da bishiyoyi. Amma wannan ita ce makoma ta karshe, har sai garken ya kai wurin makiyayan da suka fi so.
Makiya na halitta
Lions, hyenas, crocodiles, damisa da cheetahs sune manyan abokan gaban Wildebeest. Duk abin da ya rage bayan idin su an cinye su da farinciki ta ungulu.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Ruwan Wildebeest yana farawa a watan Afrilu kuma yana ɗaukar watanni 3, har zuwa ƙarshen Yuni. Wannan shine lokacin da maza ke shirya wasannin matadawa da fadace-fadace don mallake harem. Al’amarin bai zo da kisan kai da zubar da jini ba. Namiji Wildebeests sun keɓance da kansu ga yin butting, suna durƙusawa gaban juna. Wanda ya ci nasara, yana samun mata 10-15 a cikin dukiyarsa. Wadanda suka yi asara ana tilasta musu su takaita da daya ko biyu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Abun haɗin ƙaura da ƙaura na Wildebeest yana da ban sha'awa. Groupsungiyoyin ƙaura sun haɗa da daidaikun maza da mata da kuma dukkanin shekaru. Kuma a cikin waɗancan garkunan da ke haifar da salon rayuwa, mata da 'yan maruƙa har zuwa shekara ɗaya suna kiwo daban. Kuma maza suna kafa ƙungiyoyin bachelor nasu, suna barin su lokacin balaga suna ƙoƙarin mallakar yankinsu.
Lokacin haihuwar Gnu ya wuce sama da watanni 8, sabili da haka ana haifa zuriyar ne kawai a cikin hunturu - a cikin Janairu ko Fabrairu, a dai dai lokacin da lokacin damina ya fara, kuma babu ƙarancin abinci.
Fresh ciyawa yana girma ta tsalle-tsalle, kamar 'yan maruƙan haihuwa. Tuni mintuna 20-30 bayan haihuwa, theasan Wildebeest sun tsaya kan ƙafafunsu, kuma bayan awa ɗaya suna gudu da sauri.
Biri ɗaya, a matsayin mai mulkin, yakan haifi ɗan maraƙi, ƙasa da sau biyu. Tana ciyar da madara har zuwa watanni 8 da haihuwa, kodayake jarirai suna fara hango ciyawa da wuri. Yarinyar tana karkashin kulawar uwa har tsawon wata 9 bayan da madara ta ƙare da ita, sannan kawai za ta fara rayuwa da kanta. Ya balaga ta hanyar jima'in shekaru 4.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin vesa newan maruƙa 3 na Wildebeest, mutum 1 ne ya rayu har shekara ɗaya. Sauran sun zama wadanda ke fama da masu lalata.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A cikin karni na 19, an farautar dabbar daji, da yawan mutanen yankin da kuma masu mulkin mallaka na Boer, wadanda ke ciyar da naman wadannan dabbobin ga ma'aikatansu. An ci gaba da halaka fiye da shekara ɗari. Sun dawo cikin hayyacinsu ne kawai a 1870, lokacin da babu fiye da Wildebeest ɗari shida da ke raye a duk Afirka.
Ruwa na biyu na masu mulkin mallaka na Boer ya kula da ceton nau'in dabbobin daji da ke cikin haɗari. Sun kirkiro wurare masu aminci don ragowar garken Wildebeest da ke raye. A hankali, an sake dawo da adadin shuɗun shudi, amma a yau ana iya samun nau'ikan fararen fata ne kawai a yankin ajiyar.
