Duniyarmu tana da ban mamaki da wadata a cikin wakilai masu ban mamaki na masu rai! Fandarewa, da ɗabi'a, da guba da cutarwa - 'yan uwanmu ne. Aikin mutum shine kula da duniyar dabbobi da kulawa, don sanin da girmama dokokinta. Bayan duk wannan, wasu nau'ikan halittu ne na musamman wadanda suka mamaye Duniya tun zamanin da! A yau zamu maida hankali ne kan irin wannan karamar dabbar. Sunansa jerboa. An san shi tun lokacin Oligocene (shekaru 33.9 - 23.03 miliyan da suka wuce). Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa kakannin jerboas na zamani sun bayyana a cikin Asiya kimanin shekaru miliyan takwas da suka gabata. Daga nan ne suka bazu zuwa Arewacin Afirka da Turai. Amma a Turai, jerboa ya riga ya mutu.
Bayanin jerboa
Ananan, dabbobi masu kama da linzamin kwamfuta. Shin wakilan ƙungiyar rodents... A cikin yanayi, akwai kusan nau'in 50. Wadanda suka fi shahara sune: Afirka, mai yatsu biyar, babban jerboa, marsupial, kunnuwa, mai kafafun kafa, mai wutsiya, da jumper jerboa.
Bayyanar
A waje, jerboas yayi kama da kangaroo ko linzamin kwamfuta. Kai babban dangi ne ga jiki, tare da kusan wuyan rarrabuwa. Undedunƙwasa, ɗan madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya tare da manyan idanu masu duhu. Manyan idanu suna baka damar ɗaukar mafi yawan kwararar bayanan haske. An shirya babbar vibrissae a fan. Wannan shine babban ɓangaren taɓawa ga dabbobi da yawa. Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, sun kasance dogaye ne kuma zagaye, waɗanda ke ɗaukar aikin canja wurin zafi da karɓar bayanan sauraro. Gashi a kunnuwan basu da yawa.
Magana:
- Tsawon jikinsa: 4 zuwa 26 cm.
- Tsawon wutsiya: 6 zuwa 28 cm.
- Nauyin: 10 zuwa 300 grams.
Jiki gajere. Legsafafun baya sun fi na baya tsayi da yawa, wanda hakan ya zama dole don gudanar da aiki. Kuma gajere, mai kaifi mai tsayi, dabbar tana amfani da gaban goshi don hakar ramuka, sarrafa abincin. Gashi mai kauri ne da taushi. Launi jeri ne daga yashi zuwa launin ruwan kasa, galibi monochromatic. Akwai launi mai haske a kan ciki.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wutsiyar jerboa na iya ƙunsar tanadin kitse mai mahimmanci don kula da jiki yayin ɓoyewa ko lokacin rashin abinci.
Wutsiya a ƙarshen tare da tassel mai laushi, wanda shine nau'in tuƙin motsawa lokacin motsawa. Fasali daban-daban na launi, tsarin gabar jiki ya dogara da nau'ikan halittu da mazauninsu. Misali, launi, girman jikin gaba daya ko sassan jikin shi yana canzawa.
Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a
Jerboa dabbar dare... Hadari ne ta yadda har bayan faduwar rana yana fitowa daga cikin kabarinta sa'a guda daga baya. Yana neman abinci tsawon dare, yana zuwa kilomita 5. Kuma da safe, daidai da sa'a guda kafin fitowar rana, suna komawa mafaka. Irin wannan tabbacin yana ceton rayuka. Koyaya, akwai nau'ikan da ke aiki da neman abinci da rana, kuma da magariba sai su ruga zuwa gidan a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Karnuka Prairie
- Chipmunks
- Hazel dormouse ko musket
- Mouse vole
Wani nau'in zama shine rani. Tare da ɗakuna daban, an rufe su da ciyawa. Sau da yawa, dabbobin da suke amfani da su suna yin "ƙofar baya" a cikin gidajensu na ɓoye kuma, idan akwai wata barazana, sai su tsere ta ciki.
A cikin hunturu, dabba hibernates, wanda ya kai har zuwa watanni shida. Burrowin kwanciyar hankali ya banbanta da burkin da aka saba "zama". Tana da zurfi sosai, ta kai mita 2.5. Wasu nau'ikan suna adana kayan abinci don lokacin sanyi, wasu kuma suna adana su kai tsaye a cikin su, a cikin hanyar kitse.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Jerboas ainihin magina ne. Waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi masu ƙwazo suna gina wa kansu gidaje fiye da ɗaya. Suna da burukan rani da na hunturu, na dindindin da na ɗan lokaci, wurin hutu da ramuka don haihuwar zuriya.
Hakanan, waɗannan halittu masu ban mamaki suna iya samun gidaje na dindindin da na ɗan lokaci. Gidaje na dindindin dole ne ƙofar da ke cike da dunƙulen ƙasa. A cikin zurfin, wannan hanyar ta musamman tana da tsayi.
Bugu da ari, a matsayinka na doka, harbe-harbe ya bayyana, yana kaiwa dakin zama wanda ke rufe farfajiya da ciyawa kuma akwai sarari don "gado" a cikin siffar kwallon ulu, gansakuka, gashin fuka-fuka - duk kayan da suka dace da aka tattara a saman. Yawancin motsawa waɗanda ba a gama su ba sun riga sun jagoranci daga gare ta zuwa saman. Ana buƙatar su idan halin gaggawa na gaggawa.
Daga cikin jerboas, akwai waɗanda, maimakon su gina gidansu, suna karɓar “haya” daga gophers. Jigon yana tuntuɓar mazansa ne kawai a lokacin saduwa. Ana iya kiran shi mai kaɗaici. Wannan shine ɗayan dabarun da ake amfani dasu don rayuwa ta wakilai daban-daban na flora.
Wasu suna tsayawa ga ƙungiyar kuma suna rayuwa, suna da ingantaccen tsarin sadarwa da haɗin kai da juna. Kuma wasu, akasin haka, sun fi son haɓaka daban-daban, suna ba da ƙwayoyin halittar waɗanda suka fi dacewa, da sauri, da ba a iya cutarwa, da taka tsantsan da hankali ga tsara mai zuwa. Kuma idan mutum ya zama mai rikitarwa, mai jinkiri ko mai da hankali, to ya mutu. Wannan yana tabbatar da wanzuwar jinsin.
Da yawa 'yan Jerbosa suna rayuwa
Koyaya, cututtuka, tasirin yanayi da masu farauta suna gajertar wannan lokacin a wasu lokuta. A cikin bauta, tsawon rai yana ƙaruwa sosai. Matsakaicin tsawon rai a cikin daji bai fi shekaru 3 ba.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Abin da ya kamata ya zama hassadar wasu dabbobi tsakanin jerboas shine yaduwarsu a cikin yanayin rayuwa daban. Suna zaune kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi inda akwai matakai, hamada da kuma hamada. Wadannan yankuna sun hada da Arewacin Afirka zuwa kudu da Sahara, kudancin Turai, Asiya arewa da Himalayas.
Koyaya, ana iya samun jerboas har ma a cikin gandun daji-steppe da yankunan tsaunuka. Wasu rabe rabe suna rayuwa koda a tsawan mitoci dubu 2 sama da matakin teku. A cikin Rasha, zaku iya samun wasu wakilan jinsin: babban jerboa, ƙaramin jerboa, jerboa-jumper, jerboa na gama gari, mai gashi mai laushi da biyar.
Jerboa abinci
Cin abinci na yau da kullun don jerboa shine gram 60. Abincin ya hada da tsaba da tushen shuke-shuke, wadanda suke cirewa ta hanyar hakar ramuka.
Suna farin cikin cin eatan tsutsa. Suna son cin abinci akan 'ya'yan itace, hatsi, kayan lambu. Jerboas kusan basa shan ruwa! Ana samun dukkan danshi daga shuke-shuke.
Mahimmanci! Wutsiyar jerboa tana faɗi abubuwa da yawa game da yanayin lafiya da abinci mai gina jiki. Idan yana da zagaye, to dabbar tana cin abinci mai kyau kuma akai akai. Wutsiyar siriri ce, tare da fitattun kasusuwa, wanda ke nuna gajiya.
Abincin ya kunshi yafi tsaba da tushen shuka... Su jerboas suna tonowa, suna barin ramuka. Haka kuma ana cin kwari da tsutsu. Dabbobin kusan ba sa shan ruwa. Suna samun danshi daga shuke-shuke. A cikin dare, don neman abinci, ɓarawo ɗaya na iya yin tafiyar kilomita 10 tare da hanyoyin abinci.
Dabba daya na bukatar 60 g na abinci daban-daban a kowace rana. Wannan yawan yana da tasirin gaske a ƙasa da murfin ciyayi na hamada, hamadar hamada da steppes, sannan kuma ya zama abinci ga masu farautar gida. A lokaci guda, dabbobi na iya yada cututtukan cututtuka masu haɗari har zuwa annoba.
Makiya na halitta
Yana da yawa daga cikinsu. Waɗannan kusan kusan duk masu farautar cikin gida ne. Tare da jin daɗi suna ɗaukar jerboas da tsuntsaye a cikin farcensu. Hakanan dabbobi masu rarrafe basa jinkirta gwada musu abincin rana.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Jerboas ya kai ga balagar jima'in yana da watanni 6-7.... Kuma idan sun rayu har zuwa wannan lokacin, to farkon bazara ko bazara zai fara lokacin kiwo. Tsawan lokacin daukar ciki ya dogara da ƙananan rabe-raben, amma a matsakaita ba ya wuce wata ɗaya. Mace tana ɗaukar litters 2-3 a kowace shekara. Broaya daga cikin yara ya ƙunshi daga jarirai 3 zuwa 8. Don haihuwa, jerboas suna ba da karamin mink. Tun daga haihuwa, 'ya' yan makaho ne kuma baƙi, suna kama da ratan bera.
Hakanan yana da ban sha'awa yadda mace ta fahimci cewa "lokaci ya yi". Tabbas ba ta da agogo ko kalanda. Wataƙila, mahimmancin tsarin yana farawa daga lokacin da jarirai suka fara yin nauyi gram 200-220.
Uwa tana kulawa da kare zuriyar har na tsawon watanni 3. Sannan halayenta sun canza sosai. Ta zama mai zafin rai. Wannan shine yadda yara suka fahimci cewa lokaci yayi da rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Canjin nauyi da raguwar wurin zama a cikin kabarin sun gaya wa mahaifiya cewa lokaci ya yi da za a bar san ƙanana su tafi “iyo a kyauta”. Ta fara nuna zalunci, cizo, korar abinci.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Saboda yawan kananan raƙuman ruwa da kuma wakilcin yanki, ana iya cewa gaba ɗaya cewa nau'in jerboas ba sa fuskantar matsalar yawan jama'a. Gabaɗaya, mutane suna hayayyafa kwatsam. Koyaya, a cikin ƙananan ƙananan, abubuwa ba su da kyau.
Mahimmanci! Maasar jerboa ta ƙasar Marshaliya zuwa ƙasar Australiya nau'in haɗari ne mai haɗari. Yawan ya ragu sosai. Wannan shine kawai wakilin ƙarancin sa.
Waɗannan kyawawan animalsananan dabbobi sun cancanci kulawa da girmamawa, ga kowane mutum da ke duniya. Za'a iya kiransu da gaskiya magina, saboda, kamar yadda kuka sani, suna gina gidaje daban-daban don ayyuka daban-daban. Wannan halayyar ta musamman ce ga dabbobi.
