Chaffinch (Lat. Ofayan ɗayan tsuntsaye masu yawa na Turai ya bazu sosai a Asiya da Mongolia, har ma da wasu wurare a Arewacin Afirka.
Bayanin glints
Chaffinch mutanen Rasha ne, kusan suna ga kowane tsuntsu... Macen wannan nau'in ana kiranta finch ko finch. Chaffinch kuma ana kiranta da siverukha da yurok, chaffinch da chugunok, chaffinch ko snigirik.
Bayyanar
Girman finch ɗin manya yayi kama da sigogin wakilan passerines, saboda haka matsakaicin tsayin jiki bai wuce 14.5 cm ba, tare da matsakaiciyar fikafikan 24.5-28.5 cm.Girman babba yana tsakanin 15-40 g. Bakin yana da tsayi da kaifi ... Wutsiyar tana da kaifin hankali, wanda bai fi tsayin cm 68-71 ba. Fitsarin yana da laushi da taushi, tare da halayyar launuka masu haske.
Manya maza suna da kai da wuya mai shuɗi-shuɗi, da goshi mai baƙar fata, da kuma baya-mai ƙanƙanin ruwan kasa mai launin toka-toka. Yankin lumbar launi ne mai kalar-rawaya, tare da gashin tsuntsaye masu duwatsu masu tsayi a wutsiyar sama. Coveranƙananan murfin reshe na fuka-fuki fari ne, yayin da manyan murfin fikafikan baƙar fata masu launi tare da farin farin.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Tare da farkon lokacin saduwa, baken finch na namiji yana samun launi mai launin shuɗi mai asali tare da saman mai duhu, kuma a lokacin hunturu yana da launin ruwan kasa-mai-ruwan hoda.
Fuka-fukan jirgi masu launin ruwan kasa ne tare da farin launi a kan yanar gizo. Dukkanin ɓangaren ɓangaren finch ɗin ya bambanta da launi mai ruwan inabi mai-ruwan-kasa-ja. Mata na irin waɗannan wakilai na dangin finch suna da lada mai kasa-kasa a ƙasa da gashin tsuntsu a sama. Ananan yara suna da alamun kamannin waje da mata. Iris din mata launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma bakin yana da kalar jaraba irin ta shekara.
Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a
A lokacin bazara, ana lura da isowar finch zuwa yankin yankunan arewa daga farawa na shekaru goma na biyu na Afrilu, kuma tsuntsayen suna komawa tsakiyar yankin ƙasarmu a kusan rabin rabin Maris. Ana sanar da yankuna na kudu ta hanyar muryar finchian da suka iso tuni a ƙarshen hunturu ko kuma a farkon kwanaki goma na Maris.
A lokacin kaka, finch kan je hunturu a lokuta daban-daban - daga farkon Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.... Finchi suna tashi cikin manyan garken tumaki, galibi sun ƙunshi ɗaruruwan mutane. Yayin jirgin, babban garke na iya yin jinkiri a kan hanyar ciyarwa a kan yankuna da suka yi nasara, gami da yankunan Arewacin Caucasus.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Chesungiyoyi masu yawa na wakiltar ƙarewa, waɗanda suka bambanta cikin girma, da kuma tsayi na baki, launi mai laushi da wasu siffofin halayya.
A yankin kudu na kewayon, finchi na daga cikin nau'ikan zama, makiyaya da tsuntsayen hunturu, kuma mutanen da ke zaune a tsakiya da sassan arewa suna yin gida ne da wakilan ƙaura na dokar Passerine. Iyakokin kudu na kewayon suna zaune ne ta hanyan gida da kuma ƙaura, tare da zama marasa nutsuwa, hunturu a cikin zangon kuma galibi finch na makiyaya.
Har yaushe finch ke rayuwa
A cikin daji, finch suna rayuwa a matsakaici na wasu shekaru, wanda hakan ya faru ne saboda abubuwan da ke haifar da mummunan tasirin abubuwa da yawa na waje. A cikin zaman talala, tsararran matsakaicin rayuwa na wannan wakilin mara izini na dangin finch shekara goma zuwa goma sha biyu.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yankin rarrabawa gama gari don finchi yana wakiltar:
- Turai;
- arewa maso yammacin Afirka;
- sassan yammacin Asiya;
- wani ɓangare na Sweden da Norway;
- wasu yankuna a Finland;
- Birtaniyya, Azores da Canary Islands;
- Madeira da Morocco;
- Aljeriya da Tunusiya;
- yankin Asiya orarama;
- Syria da arewacin Iran;
- wani ɓangare na bayan Soviet.
Smallananan mutane suna zuwa hunturu zuwa gabar arewa maso gabashin Tekun Caspian, suna tashi zuwa Iceland, Tsibirin Biritaniya ko Tsibirin Faroe. Mazaunan gargajiya na finch suna da yawa. Babban yanayin wannan nau'in tsuntsayen shine kasancewar kowane irin ciyayi na itace akan yankin.
A matsayinka na doka, finch suna zama a cikin kyawawan bishiyoyin dazuzzuka, waɗanda ke wakiltar lambuna, wuraren shakatawa da kuma boulevards, kazalika da cikin gandun dajin bishiyoyi masu haske, birch, willow da pine groves. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya samun wakilan dangin finch da na finch genus a gefen yankewa da yankewa, a yankunan da ambaliyar ruwa da yankuna dazukan da ba su da yawa, da kuma a cikin gandun daji irin na tsibiri a yankin mai tarko.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ga ɗayan tsuntsaye mafi yawa a ƙasarmu, halayyar mutum ce ta zama a cikin dazuzzuka da wuraren shakatawa na kowane iri, galibi a kusancin mazaunin ɗan adam.
Blink rage cin abinci
A cikin abincin wakilan finch family da jinsi Finches, kowane irin kwari ya mamaye manyan wurare. Dangane da yawan karatu game da kayan ciki na finches, ya yiwu a yanke hukunci game da amfani da tsaba na sako, 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace daban-daban na waɗannan tsuntsaye don dalilan abinci.
Abincin asalin dabbobi ya mamaye abincin irin waɗannan tsuntsaye daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa watan bazara na ƙarshe. Ainihi, finch suna ciyar da ƙananan ƙwaro, suna lalata ɓarna, waɗanda suke da haɗari masu haɗari na gandun daji.
Makiya na halitta
Duk da cewa a cikin mazauninsu na gargajiya, finches ba shi da kyau kuma tsuntsaye ne masu taurin kai, ba wai kawai yanayin yanayi da halayen canjin yanayi ba, har ma abubuwan da ake kira rikice-rikice a lokacin nest suna da mummunan tasiri a kan adadin tsuntsayen. Irin waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗa da jays, hankaka, magpies, owls, owr, sparrowhawks, da ermine. Akwai sanannun lokuta na kai hare-hare ta katako mai banbanci akan gidajen namu na finches.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Bayan an gama hunturu, finch din na komawa gidajen su na asali a matsayin wani bangare na garken "jinsi daya"... Maza suna zuwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun ɗan girmi mata. Babban alamun farkon lokacin saduwa sune kiraye-kiraye na musamman na maza, wanda kadan yayi kama da cukurkudaddiyar kajin, canzawa tare da rera waka mai karfi.
Dabino yana tare da tashi daga maza daga wani wuri zuwa wancan, raira waƙa da yawan faɗa. Wakilan umarnin Passeriformes ba su da ainihin ma'amala. Ana gudanar da aikin jigilar kai tsaye a ƙasa ko a kan rassan itace mai kauri.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ginin gida yana farawa kusan makonni huɗu bayan isowa. A cikin wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na kewayon su, finches suna gudanar da ayyukan kamala na bazara.
Gida ne na mata kawai, amma maza ne ke sadar da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata zuwa wurin ginin, wanda za a iya wakiltar shi da ƙananan andanƙara da ƙwayoyi, tushe da tushe. Siffar ƙaran gida gurbi galibi ne, tare da yanke koli. Katangar da ke waje dole ne a lulluɓe ta da ɗanɗano na ganshin ruwa ko na lichen, kazalika da ƙwanin birch, wanda ke aiki azaman ɓoye kamannin gida.
Cikakken kama ya ƙunshi, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ƙwai 4-7 na launuka masu launin shuɗi-kore ko launin ja-kore mai zurfin da mara kyau, manyan speck na hoda-shunayya. Mace tana cikin shiryawa, kuma an haifi ƙananan kaɗan a cikin ƙasa da ƙasa da makonni biyu... Duk iyayen biyu suna ciyar da zuriyarsu, ta amfani da wannan dalilin musamman yawancin ɓarkewar ɓarna, waɗanda gizo-gizo, wakilan larvae, da kuma caterpillars na malam buɗe ido ke wakilta. Kajin suna zama a karkashin kariya ta rufin mahaifa har tsawon kwanaki goma sha huɗu, bayan haka mace za ta fara shiri sosai don kamawa ta biyu, amma a wani gida daban, sabon gida da aka gina.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Babban mahimman abubuwan anthropogenic waɗanda ke shafar yawan girman yawan finch sune:
- kaskantar da gidajen tsuntsaye;
- raguwar gandun daji "cikakke";
- dalilai na damuwa;
- lalata gurbi da mutuwar tsuntsaye a cikinsu;
- rashin kwanciyar hankali na samar da abinci;
- ayyukan mutane marasa kyau.
Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke iyakance rarrabuwa da adadin tsuntsaye shine rashin wuraren zama masu dacewa, sakamakon haka tsuntsaye da sauri suke daina haifuwa a wani yanki.
Gidajen Chaffinch galibi ana lalata su a farkon rayuwar gida - a lokacin ginin, lokacin da suke da sauƙin lura. Koyaya, yawan finchi a Turai kusan tsuntsaye nau'i nau'i ne. Har ila yau, yawancin mutanen da ke cikin wakilan dangin finch da na finch genus suma an lura da su a Asiya.
