Kangaroo (lat. A dunkule, wannan kalma tana nufin duk wani wakilin gidan Kangaroo. Kunkuntar ma'anar sunan ana amfani da shi ga manyan wakilai na iyali, saboda haka ana kiran kananan dabbobi wallaby da wallaru.
Bayanin kangaroo
Kalmar "kangaroo" ta samo asali ne daga sunayen "kanguroo" ko "gаngurru"... Wannan shine abin da 'yan asalin Australiya, waɗanda suka yi magana da yaren Guuku Yimithir, suka kira dabba mai tsarin jiki mai ban sha'awa. A halin yanzu, kangaroo alama ce mara izini ta Ostiraliya, wanda aka zana a kan alamar ƙasa.
Bayyanar
Dogaro da halayen nau'in, tsawon jikin wakilan gidan Kangaroo na iya bambanta a cikin kewayon da yawa - daga kwata zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi, kuma nauyin ya kai kilogiram 18-100. Mafi girman dabbobin da ke wannan nau'in a halin yanzu suna wakiltar kyakkyawan mazaunin tsibirin Ostiraliya - jan babban kangaroo, kuma mafi girman nauyin halayyar kangaroo ne mai launin toka. Fatar wannan dabbar ta marsupial tana da kauri da taushi, baƙar fata, launin toka da ja, ko kuma an gabatar da su a cikin inuwar su.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Saboda tsari na musamman na jiki, dabbar tana iya samun nasarar kare kanta da bugu mai karfi tare da kafafunta na baya, tare da matsawa da sauri, ta yin amfani da doguwar wutsiya a matsayin mai juji.
Gangaren kangaroo yana da ƙananan yanayin babba, kuma yana da ƙaramin kai. Murafin dabba na iya zama tsayi ko gajere. Hakanan, siffofin tsarin sun hada da kunkuntun kafadu, gaban gajerun kafafu masu rauni, wadanda basuda gashi kwata-kwata, sannan kuma suna da yatsu biyar masu kaifi masu kaifi da kaɗan. Yatsun hannu suna da halin motsi mai kyau, saboda haka dabbobi suna amfani dasu don ɗaukar abubuwa da tsefe ulu, da ciyarwa.
Bodyasan jikin kangaroo yana da kyau sosai kuma ana wakiltar ta da ƙafafun baya mai ƙarfi, doguwar jela mai kauri, ƙugu mai ƙarfi da ƙafafun tsoka da yatsun kafa huɗu. Haɗin yatsun na biyu da na uku ana aiwatar da su ne ta hanyar membrane na musamman, kuma yatsan na huɗu sanye take da kambori mai ƙarfi.
Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a
Dabbar marsupial ta fi son salon rayuwar dare, saboda haka, tare da fitowar alfijir, ya koma makiyaya. Da rana, kangaroo yana hutawa a cikin inuwa ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, a cikin bururbuka na musamman ko wuraren ciyawar ciyawa. Lokacin da haɗari ya taso, marsupials suna aika siginar ƙararrawa ga sauran membobin ƙungiyar tare da taimakon bugun ƙarfi na ƙafafun bayansu zuwa saman ƙasa. Don manufar watsa bayanai, ana amfani da sauti sau da yawa, wanda ke wakiltar gundura, atishawa, dannawa da busa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ga marsupials, halayyar haɗe ne kai tsaye zuwa wani yanki, don haka sun fi son kar su barshi ba tare da wani dalili ba. Banda shi shine babbar kangaroos ja, wacce sauƙin shawo kan dubban kilomita don neman wuraren neman riba mai fa'ida.
A cikin yankuna da yanayin rayuwa mai kyau, gami da tushen abinci mai kyau da rashin haɗari, marsupials na iya ƙirƙirar al'ummomi da yawa, waɗanda suka ƙunshi kusan mutane ɗari. Koyaya, a matsayinka na ƙa'ida, irin waɗannan wakilai na umarnin dabbobi masu shayarwa biyu suna rayuwa a cikin ƙananan garken tumaki, wanda ya ƙunshi maza, da mata da kangaroos da yawa. Namiji yana da kishi sosai yana killace garken daga cin zarafin wasu mazan da suka manyanta, wanda hakan ke haifar da faɗa mai zafi.
Kangaro nawa ke rayuwa
Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar kangaroo kai tsaye ya dogara da halayen jinsin wannan dabba, da kuma yanayin mahalli a yanayi ko kamammu. Mafi dadewar jinsin shine Kangaroo mai Jan-kai (Macrorus rufus)... Irin waɗannan wakilai masu haske na tsari na dabbobi masu shayarwa biyu na rayuwa na iya rayuwa tsawon rubu'in ƙarni.
Nau'i na biyu dangane da tsaka-tsakin rayuwa shine Grey Gabashin Kangaroo (Macrorus gigantéus), wanda ke rayuwa a cikin tsare tsawon shekaru ashirin, kuma a cikin daji na kimanin shekaru 8-12. Western Gray Kangaroos (Macrorus fuliginosus) suna da irin wannan rayuwar.
Kangaroo
Akwai nau'ikan sama da dozin biyar na dangin kangaroo, amma a halin yanzu, nau'ikan da suke da girma da matsakaici kaɗai ake ɗauka a matsayin kangaro na ainihi.
An gabatar da shahararrun jinsuna:
- Babban kangaroo (Macrorus rufus) - wakilin mafi tsawo na marsupials a cikin girma. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin babban mutum mita biyu ne, kuma wutsiya ta fi mita ɗaya kaɗan. Nauyin jikin namiji ya kai kilogiram 80-85, kuma na mata - 33-35 kilogiram;
- Kangaroo mai ruwan toka - wakilin mafi wahala na dabbobin marsupial. Matsakaicin matsakaici ya kai kilogram ɗari tare da ƙaruwa a cikin tara - 170 cm;
- Dutsen kangaroo (wallaru) - babban dabba tare da shimfidawa yana ginawa tare da kafadu masu faɗi da gajerun kafafu na baya. A wurin hanci, babu gashi, kuma tafin ƙafafuwan suna da taushi, wanda ke sauƙaƙa sauƙin motsi a yankunan tsaunuka;
- Kangaroos na Arboreal - a yanzu sune kawai wakilan gidan Kangaroo da ke rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin wannan dabba ya fi rabin mita kaɗan. Abubuwan da aka ƙayyade su ne kasancewar ƙusassun ƙusoshin ƙafa a kan ƙafafuwanta da furfurar launin ruwan kasa mai kauri, wanda hakan ba kawai ya sa hawa bishiyoyi ya fi sauƙi ba, har ma yana ɓoye dabbar a cikin ganye.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wakilan kowane nau'ikan kangoro suna da ji mai kyau, kuma suna yin 'fizge' kamar kunnuwan cat, suna iya ɗaukar koda sautukan da ba sa cikin nutsuwa. Duk da cewa irin waɗannan marsupials ɗin ba sa iya tallafawa, sun kasance masu iya iyo.
Mafi kankantar nau'in kangaroo su ne wallaby. Matsakaicin tsayin babba, a ƙa’ida, bai wuce rabin mita ba, kuma mafi ƙarancin nauyin wallaby mace kilogram ɗaya ne kawai. A cikin bayyanar, irin waɗannan dabbobi suna kama da bera na yau da kullun, wanda yake da gashi da doguwar jela.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Babban mazaunin kangaroos yana wakiltar yankin Ostiraliya da Tasmania, New Guinea da tsibirin Bismarck. An kuma gabatar da Marsupials zuwa New Zealand. Kangaroos galibi suna zama kusa da gidajen mutane. Irin waɗannan marsupials ana iya samun su a sauƙaƙe a gefen ƙauyukan biranen da ba su da girma da yawa, da kuma kusa da gonaki.
Abun lura ya nuna cewa wani muhimmin bangare na jinsunan sune dabbobin ƙasa waɗanda ke rayuwa a yankuna masu faɗi, waɗanda ciyawa da ciyawar ciyawa suka mamaye su. Dukkan bishiyoyin kangaro suna dacewa da tafiya ta bishiyoyi, kuma wallabies na tsaunuka (Petrogale) suna rayuwa kai tsaye a cikin wurare masu duwatsu.
Abincin Kangaroo
Kangaroos suna ciyarwa musamman akan abincin tsirrai. Babban abincin su na yau da kullun ya hada da tsire-tsire iri-iri, ciki har da ciyawa, kabeji da alfalfa, furannin furanni, eucalyptus da acacia foliage, lianas da ferns. Marsupials kuma suna cin tushen da tubers na shuke-shuke, 'ya'yan itatuwa da' ya'yan itace. Ga wasu nau'in, abu ne gama gari a ci tsutsotsi ko kwari.
Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa babban kangaroos yana ciyar da kusan awa ɗaya fiye da mata.... Koyaya, shine abincin mata wanda mafi yawan furotin yake wakilta, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau akan halayen ƙirar madara da aka samar don ciyar da matasa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ana rarrabe Marsupials ta hanyar amfani da su, saboda haka suna iya daidaitawa sosai da yawancin yanayin waje mara kyau, gami da ƙarancin abinci. A wannan yanayin, dabbobi na iya canzawa cikin sauƙin zuwa wasu nau'ikan abinci, gami da tsire-tsire waɗanda ba a amfani da su don abinci ko da kuwa wakilan nuna bambanci da rashin fa'ida.
Makiya na halitta
A cikin yanayin yanayi, kangaroos na girma suna ciyarwa sau ɗaya a rana, da yamma, kai tsaye bayan faɗuwar rana, wanda hakan ke rage haɗarin haɗuwa da haɗuwa da abokan gaba na ɗabi'a. Yawan marsupial ya lalace ta karnukan dingo na daji, da kuma dawakai da wasu manyan tsuntsaye masu farauta.
Kangaroo da mutum
Kangaroos sau da yawa kafofin watsa labarai suna sanya shi a matsayin alama ta abokantaka ta Australiya, amma irin waɗannan marsup na iya haifar da lahani ga mutane. Tabbas, haɗarin kai hari koda da babban katangar kan mutane yayi ƙasa ƙwarai, kuma, kamar yadda aikin yake nuna, ƙananan marasa lafiya ne suka ji rauni sakamakon haɗuwa da likitan kangaroo a kowace shekara.
Hare-hare suna faruwa a cikin waɗannan batutuwa:
- yawan mutane, hanyar motsi ko babban tsarin ƙungiyar an canza ta ƙarƙashin tasirin abubuwan waje;
- asarar dabba ta ilhami ga mutane tare da ci gaba da mu'amala da mutum;
- kula da mutum a matsayin abokin tarayya mai raɗaɗi ko barazanar kansa da zuriyar haihuwa;
- dabbar tana cikin kusurwa ko rauni;
- Namiji ya ɗauki ɗiya daga mace;
- dabbar kangaroo da aka horar da ita azaman dabbar dabba ta asali tana da halaye masu saurin tashin hankali.
Lokacin kai hari ga mutum, kangaroo na iya yin yaƙi da tafin gabanta ko bugawa tare da tafin bayanta, ta amfani da wutsiyarsa a matsayin tallafi. Raunukan da marsupials suka yi suna da haɗari da haɗari.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Ikon haifuwa zuriya ya bayyana a cikin mutane yana da shekara ɗaya da rabi zuwa shekaru biyu kuma yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyar. Kangaroos suna yin kiwo sau ɗaya a shekara, amma ainihin lokacin takamaiman lokacin kiwo don marsupials ba ya nan. Ciki a cikin wakilan umarni masu shayarwa mai gajarta biyu gajere ne kuma ya banbanta tsakanin kwanaki 27-40, daga nan sai ɗaya, wani lokacin a kan haifi sasan kangaroo biyu.
Ga jinsunan Masrorus rufus, haihuwar ofasa uku halaye ne. Sababbin katuwar kangaro suna da jiki wanda yakai tsawon cm 2.5. Mata na ɗaukar theira theiran su cikin aljihun na tsawon watanni shida zuwa takwas.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Da yawa marsupials, dasawa tayi tayi jinkiri. Makaho da ƙaramin jariri kangaroo, nan da nan bayan haihuwa, ya shiga cikin jakar mahaifiyarsa, inda yake ci gaba da bunkasa har tsawon kwanaki 120-400.
Sabon cudanya a cikin dabbobi yana faruwa ne kusan 'yan kwanaki bayan haihuwar' yar, kuma a cikin fadamar wallaby - kwana guda kafin haihuwar jaririn. A wannan halin, amfrayo zai kasance a cikin diapause har zuwa lokacin da kangaroo da ta gabata ta cika girma ko ta mutu. Daga wannan lokacin ne amfrayo mai rai ya fara aiwatar da ci gaba mai aiki. A gaban mafi kyawun yanayi, ana haihuwar sabon ɗa nan da nan bayan babban kangaroo daga ƙarshe ya bar aljihun uwar.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Babban jinsin ba shi da hadari mai girma na bacewa, duk da haka, yawan adadin irin wadannan dabbobin suna ta raguwa a hankali, saboda saurin bunkasa aikin gona, asarar muhallin halitta, da wuta da farauta.
Dokar Ostiraliya ta kare wakilan jinsunan kangaroo na Gabas da Yamma... Marsupials na daji sune abin harbi, wanda aka aiwatar dashi da nufin samun fata da nama, da kuma kariya ga wuraren kiwo.
Naman irin wadannan marsupials ana dauke shi mai matukar amfani ga jikin dan adam, saboda rashin kayan mai. A halin yanzu, matsayin kiyayewa na kangaroo: yana haifar da mafi haɗarin halaka.
