A farkon karnin da ya gabata, barewar sika ta kusan bacewa daga fuskar duniya. An kashe shi ne saboda nama mai daɗi, fata ta asali, amma musamman saboda ƙahonin velvety horns (tururuwa), a kan abin da suke yin ƙwayoyi masu ban al'ajabi.
Bayanin sika
Cervus nippon na asalin Deer ne na gaskiya, wanda memba ne na gidan Cervidae (reindeer)... An gina barekin sifa da kyau, haske kuma siriri. Kyakkyawan bayyananninta yana bayyana ne daga shekaru 3, lokacin da mata / mata a ƙarshe suka ɗauki sifa da tsayi da nauyi.
Bayyanar
A lokacin rani, maza da mata da wuya su bambanta da launin gashi. Dukansu suna da launi a cikin mafi rinjayen launuka masu launin ja tare da farin ɗigo, sai dai mata sun ɗan fi haske. A cikin hunturu, ya fi sauƙi a rarrabe su: gashin maza ya zama duhu, zaitun-launin ruwan kasa, da na mata - launin toka mai haske. Dabba babba tana girma cikin tsayi har zuwa 1.6-1.8 m tare da tsayi a bushewar 0.95-1.12 m kuma nauyin 75 zuwa 130 kg. Mata koyaushe sun fi maza ƙanƙanta. Dawa tana da dogon wuya, kusan a tsaye a tsaye tare da babban saitin kai tare da kunnuwa daidai gwargwado. Babban kayan ado na namiji shine ƙaho mai launin ruwan kasa mai haske 4, wanda tsawonsa ya banbanta daga 65-79 cm tare da nauyin kilogiram 0.8-1.3.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Masana ilmin namun daji sun sadu da barewar daji tare da tururuwa har tsawon 0.9-0.93. Da zarar an kama tsohuwar tsohuwar barewar da ke da ƙuya masu nauyi - suna da harbe 6 kuma sun miƙa kusan kilogram 1.9.
Kowace dabba tana nuna launin mutum guda biyu a cikin sautin rigar da kuma cikin tsari / launi na tabo. Bayanin jan launi koyaushe yana da duhu a kan dutsen, amma yana da haske a tarnaƙi (ƙasa) da ciki. Launin jan launi yana sauka a kan gabobin jiki, yana samun sananne mai haske a nan.
Jikin yana cike da farin tabo na cikin gida: sun fi girma a ciki, kuma sun fi ƙanƙan baya. Wasu lokuta (yawanci akan gefuna) waɗannan wuraren suna rufewa, suna juyawa zuwa fararen launuka har zuwa tsawon 10 cm Ba a lura da alamomin farin a cikin duk barewar, kuma wani lokacin (saboda sanyawar gashin) suna ɓacewa koda a cikin waɗanda suka nuna kansu a cikin kaka. Matsakaicin tsayin gashi a jiki daga 5 zuwa 7 cm.
Sananne ne cewa barewar sika (a cikin zaman talala da yanayi) ba kawai mata da ke da jan barewa ba, har ma suna ba da zuriya mai ma'ana. Gicciye yana da yanayin girman matsakaiciyar iyaye, amma na waje sun fi kama da barewa.
Sika deer salon
Dabbobi suna bin kowane yanki. Marasa aure suna kiwo a filayen hekta 100-200, namiji mai hare mata 4-5 (a lokacin rutsi) yana buƙatar kadada 400, kuma garken kawunan 14-16 ya mamaye yanki har zuwa kadada 900. A ƙarshen lokacin saduwa, mazan da suka manyanta suna yin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. A cikin garken mata, samari da maza waɗanda ba su wuce shekaru 2 ba suna rayuwa. Yawan garken dabbobi yana ƙaruwa zuwa lokacin hunturu, musamman a cikin shekaru masu amfani.
A lokacin bazara, barewa na neman abinci safe da yamma, a ranakun hunturu kuma suna aiki, amma da kyar suke barin gadonsu a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, suna ɓuya a cikin duwatsun daji. Suna nuna doguwar gudu mai sauri a lokacin rani da hunturu idan babu dusar ƙanƙara, a sauƙaƙe suna tsallake kan matsaloli masu tsayi (har zuwa mita 1.7). Babban murfin dusar ƙanƙara (daga 0.6 m da ƙari) ya zama ainihin masifa ga barewa. Dabbar ta faɗa cikin kaurin dusar ƙanƙan kuma tana iya motsawa ta musamman ta hanyar tsalle, wanda ke saurin lalata ƙarfinta. Dusar ƙanƙara ta dena ba motsi kawai ba, har ma da neman abinci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A barewa ne mai kyau iyo, rufe 10-12 km. Ruwa ya zama ceto daga kwarkwata da cukurkuɗa, saboda haka, a lokacin kiwo na ƙwayoyin cuta, dabbobi sukan zo bakin teku, su tsaya a cikin ruwa ko kuma a wuraren da iska ke kaɗawa sosai.
Sika barewa, a cewar lura da masana kimiyyar dabbobi, halayyar ƙaura ce ta yanayi.
Tsawon rayuwa
A cikin daji, barewa ba ta wuce shekaru 11-14 ba, suna mutuwa daga cututtuka, manyan masu lalata daji, yunwa, haɗari da mafarauta... A cikin gonakin antler da zoos, matsakaiciyar tsawon rayuwar barewar sikari ta kai shekaru 18-21, kuma tsofaffin mata (bayan shekaru 15) har ma suna haihuwar maruƙa.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ba haka ba da daɗewa, barewa ta kasance a arewa maso gabashin China, Vietnam ta Arewa, Japan, Koriya da Taiwan. A kasar Sin, kusan an kashe wadannan kyawawan, amma sun kasance a gabashin Asiya (daga yankin Ussuri zuwa Arewacin Vietnam da wasu tsibirai da ke kusa da ita). Bugu da kari, an gabatar da silar barewa zuwa New Zealand.
A cikin ƙasarmu, ana samun waɗannan kayan fasaha a kudu na Gabas ta Tsakiya: zangon ya wuce Rasha zuwa yankin Koriya da yamma zuwa Manchuria. A cikin shekaru 40 na karnin da ya gabata, an daidaita siran dawa kuma an daidaita su a cikin ajiyar Soviet da yawa:
- Ilmensky (kusa da Chelyabinsk);
- Khopersky (kusa da Borisoglebsk);
- Mordovsky (ba da nisa da Arzamas ba);
- Buzuluk (kusa da Buzuluk);
- Oksky (gabashin Ryazan);
- Teberda (Arewacin Caucasus).
- Kuibyshevsky (Zhiguli).
Dabbobin ba su da tushe sai a cikin ajiyar da ta gabata, amma sun zauna a wasu sababbin wurare, gami da yankin Moscow, kusancin Vilnius, Armenia da Azerbaijan.
Mahimmanci! A cikin Yankin Primorsky, barewar ta fi son gandun dajin bishiyoyi tare da gandun daji masu yawa, ba kasafai ake rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka masu yanke bishiyoyi ba (wanda ba su wuce kilomita 0.5 ba) kuma ya yi biris da taiga mai duhu.
Barewa Sika tana zaune a kudu / kudu maso gabas na gangaren bakin teku da ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara, inda dusar ƙanƙarar ba ta tsayawa sama da mako guda, saboda ruwan sama ya tafi da ita. Wurin da aka fi so yana da tudu da rafuka masu yawa... Yawancin dabbobi da mata, ba kamar mazan da ke girma ba, suna rayuwa kusa da teku kuma suna ƙasa da gangaren.
Sika barewa
Tsarin menu na wadannan kayan aikin sun hada da ciyayi kawai - kimanin nau'in 130 a Gabas mai Nisa kuma sau uku (390) a kudancin Rasha, har ma da yankin Turai. A cikin Primorye da Gabashin Asiya, bishiyoyi / bishiyoyi suna da kusan kashi 70% na abincin. Anan, abincin marassa karfi ya mamaye ta:
- itacen oak (acorns, buds, ganye, harbe da harbe);
- Linden da Manchu aralia;
- Amur inabin da Amur karammiski;
- acanthopanax da lespedeza;
- toka da gyada Manchurian;
- maple, elm, sedge da laima.
Dabbobi suna cin baƙi a rabi na biyu na hunturu, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa ta faɗi. A wannan lokacin, ana amfani da rassan willows, cherry tsuntsaye, chozenia da alder.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Bishiyar hooves barewa da bishiyoyi daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara (tare da murfin murfin har zuwa 30-50 cm). A lokacin sanyi, ana cin zostera da kelp, waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman cingam a lokacin bazara. Deer yawanci yakan ƙi lasisin arboreal.
Barewar Sika tana zuwa lasar gishiri mai wucin gadi da maɓuɓɓugan ma'adinai (mai ɗumi), laƙar algae, toka, tsakuwa da kogunan teku, kuma wani lokacin shan ruwan teku.
Makiya na halitta
Reindeer yana da makiya na gari da yawa, amma babban gudunmawa da aka bayar ga kisan dabbobi ya kasance ta kerkeci masu toka. Sauran masu cin kashin kansu suma suna da laifi saboda mutuwar sikari sika:
- Red Wolf;
- lynx;
- Damisa mai nisa;
- Amur damisa;
- batattun karnuka.
Kari akan haka, barewar da ke girma tana fuskantar barazanar katon dajin Gabas ta Tsakiya, kerke, bera da harza.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A cikin Lazovsky Nature Reserve (Primorye), dutsen sika barewa zai fara a watan Satumba / Oktoba ya ƙare a ranar 5-8 ga Nuwamba... A cikin shekara mai fa'ida don 'ya'yan itaciya, wasannin zawarci (wanda aka ba wa mazan da suka kai shekaru 3-4) suna da aiki koyaushe. Manya maza suna ruri da safe da maraice, suna samun ƙananan kurege (3-4 "mata" kowannensu) kuma a hankali suna rage nauyi, suna rasa har kwata na nauyinsu. Fada tsakanin ango, ba kamar jan barewa ba, ba kasafai ake samun sa ba.
Ciki yana ɗaukar watanni 7.5, kuma sauƙi daga nauyin yakan auku ne a tsakiyar watan Mayu (ƙasa da haka a ƙarshen Afrilu ko Yuni). Tagwaye suna da wuya sosai a cikin barewar sikari: a mafi yawan lokuta, barewa ta haifi maraƙi ɗaya.
Mahimmanci! A gonakin antler, rutting / calving yana faruwa daga baya fiye da cikin barewar daji a Primorye. A cikin bauta, mai kiwo mai ƙarfi ya rufe aƙalla biyar, kuma galibi mata 10-20.
Sababbin maza suna da nauyin kilogiram 4.7-7.3, mata - daga 4.2 zuwa 6.2 kilogiram. A kwanakin farko, suna da rauni kuma kusan kullun suna karya yayin da iyayensu mata ke kiwo a kusa. Kuruzansu na iya ciyar da kansu bayan kwanaki 10-20, amma suna shan nonon uwarsu na dogon lokaci, har zuwa watanni 4-5. Basu barin mahaifiyarsu har zuwa bazara mai zuwa, kuma galibi sunfi tsayi. Tare da narkakkiyar kaka, calves sun rasa kayan yara.
A wata na 10 kan kawunan samari kanana (3.5 cm) "bututu" sun keta, kuma tuni a watan Afrilu ƙahonin farko sun bayyana, waɗanda basu riga sun fara reshe ba. Matasa maza suna sa su na kimanin shekara guda, suna zubewa a watan Mayu / Yuni na shekara mai zuwa don samun brananƙarar reshen tlean tururuwa (antlers).
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Yawan sikarin barewar daji ya ragu matuka a cikin karnin da ya gabata. Babban dalilin raguwar yawan jama'a ana daukarsa a matsayin farautar kisan kare dangi da aka ayyana akan wadannan ungulaye saboda kyawawan fatunsu da tururuwarsu. Sauran abubuwan da ba su da kyau an lakafta su:
- ci gaba da faɗuwar bishiyun gandun daji;
- gina sababbin ƙauyuka a cikin muhallan deer;
- bayyanar kerkeci da karnuka da yawa;
- cututtuka da yunwa.
Raguwar yawan dabbobin kuma ana danganta shi da fitowar gonakin kiwo, wadanda ma'aikatansu ba su san yadda ake kama dabbobi da farko ba, shi ya sa barewar ta mutu gaba daya.... A zamanin yau an haramta farauta don barewar sikari a kusan ko'ina a matakin doka. Dabbobi (a cikin yanayin haɗarin haɗari) an haɗa su a shafukan Red Book na Tarayyar Rasha da kuma a cikin Littafin Red International.
A cikin Rasha, suna tunanin sakin daddawa a tsibirin da ke kusa da Vladivostok. Wannan zai zama mataki na farko a sake dawo da matsuguni a waɗancan yankuna na Primorye inda aka same su a baya, amma sai aka ɓace.
