Mazauna Afirka sun tabbata cewa biri ya fi damisa hatsari. Ra'ayin ya samo asali ne daga saduwa ta kusa da waɗannan mugayen, ɓoyayyen, ɓarnar birrai da wayo, koyaushe suna bayyana a cikin rahoton aikata laifi.
Bayanin dabobin
Gabaɗaya an yarda cewa ana banbanta dukkan nunanniyar daɗewa, irin na muzzles na kare, amma a zahiri yanayin na ƙarshen (kamar launin gashi da girma) ya dogara da takamaiman nau'in.
Daga mahangar mafi yawan masana ilimin dabbobi, jinsin halittar Papio (adabo) ya hada da jinsuna birai biyar daga dangin biri - anubis, dawa, da hamadryl, da damin Guine da dabbar bera (chakma). Wasu masana kimiyya, waɗanda ke da tabbacin cewa lalacewar da biyar bai yi daidai ba, sun haɗa dukkan nau'ikan cikin rukuni ɗaya.
Bayyanar
Maza sun fi matan girma sau 2, kuma bebin beyar ya fi kowa wakilci a cikin Papio, ya girma har zuwa 1.2 m kuma yana da nauyin kilo 40. Baranon Guinean an gane shi mafi ƙanƙanta; tsayinsa bai wuce rabin mita ba kuma nauyinsa kawai kilo 14.
Launi na Jawo ya bambanta (ya dogara da nau'ikan) daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin toka-launin toka. Dukkanin birrai ana rarrabe su ta jazz masu ƙarfi tare da kaifi da ƙura ido. Baƙin macen ba zai iya rikicewa da na namiji ba - maza suna da haushi masu ban sha'awa da kuma fararen fararen fata waɗanda ke kawata kawunansu. Babu fur a kan bakin fuska, kuma fentin fentinsa baki ne ko ruwan hoda.
Mahimmanci! Babu fur a gindi, amma ana samar da wannan sashin jiki tare da bayyanannu na kira. Gindin mata ya kumbura ya koma ja da farkon lokacin kiwo.
Wutsiyar Baboon ta yi kama da madaidaiciyar shafi, mai lanƙwasa da ɗagawa a gindi, sannan kuma a rataye da yardar kaina zuwa ƙasa.
Salon rayuwa
Rayuwar Babodi cike take da kunci da haɗari: dole ne su kasance a faɗake koyaushe, lokaci-lokaci suna fama da yunwa kuma suna fuskantar tsananin ƙishirwa. Yawancin yini, dabbobin dawa suna yawo a ƙasa, suna dogaro da gaɓoɓi huɗu kuma wani lokacin suna hawa bishiyoyi. Don rayuwa, primates dole su haɗu a cikin manyan garken dangi har zuwa arba'in. A cikin rukuni, kimanin maza shida na iya zama tare, ninki biyu na mata da haɗin gwiwa yaransu.
Da fitowar magariba, birai sukan sauka suyi bacci, suna hawa sama - akan bishiyoyi ko duwatsu daya. Mata, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna kewaye da shugabannin su. Suna yin bacci yayin zaune, wanda aka kira shi da kwalliyar kwalliya, wanda ke ba da damar dogon lokaci kada su lura da rashin dacewar yanayin da aka zaba. Sun tashi da rana, wata al'umma mai tsari, a tsakiyarta akwai alfa namiji da uwaye masu ɗayan. Samari ne ke rakiyar su kuma suna kiyaye su, waɗanda sune farkon waɗanda zasu fara bugawa idan akwai haɗari kuma su tabbatar cewa mata basu rabu da garken ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Matasa masu tasowa lokaci zuwa lokaci suna ƙoƙari su hamɓarar da babban namiji, suna shiga faɗa. Gwagwarmayar neman iko ba ta san sassauci ba: mai hasara ya yi biyayya ga jagora kuma ya ba shi mafi kyawun ganimar.
Yaƙin shugabanci ba kasafai ake yinsa shi kadai ba. Don jimre da tsananin ƙarfi da ƙarfi namiji, ƙananan ƙungiyoyi suna yin ƙawancen yaƙi na ɗan lokaci. Wannan yana da ma'ana - maza da aka sanya su a matsayin ƙananan matsayi suna iya yin rashin lafiya kuma su mutu da wuri. Gabaɗaya, Baboon suna da kyakkyawar ƙwarewa don daidaitawa da duniya da juriya na ban mamaki, wanda ke basu damar rayuwa tsawon lokaci. A cikin daji, waɗannan birai suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30, a cikin gidan zoo - har zuwa kusan 45.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ofasar garin dabbar kusan kusan duk nahiyar Afirka ce mara iyaka, an rarraba ta zuwa yankuna daban-daban. An samo dabbar beyar a cikin ƙasa daga Angola zuwa Afirka ta Kudu da Kenya; da kuma dabba da anubis suna rayuwa kaɗan arewa, suna zaune a yankunan Afirka na gabas daga gabas zuwa yamma. Speciesananan raƙuman da ke ƙasa kaɗan ne ke rayuwa da sauran rayayyun halittu biyu: Dabbar Guinea tana zaune a cikin Kamaru, Guinea da Senegal, yayin da hamadryas ke zaune a Sudan, Habasha, Somalia da wani yanki na Larabawa (yankin Aden).
Dabbobin Baboon sun dace da rayuwa a cikin savannas, dajin hamada da kuma yankunan dazuzzuka, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun fara zaluntar mutane, suna zama kusa da kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Birai ba kawai masu ban haushi bane, har ma da makwabta marasa girman kai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An lura da dabi'un Baboon a tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata, lokacin da suka ciro abinci daga mazaunan Cape Peninsula (Afirka ta Kudu), suka lalata gonaki da dabbobi da aka lalata.
A cewar Justin O'Ryan, wani ma'aikacin sashen nazarin narkakken dabbobin, zargin da ya yi ya koya fasa tagogi, bude kofofi, har ma da kwance rufin rufin. Amma hulɗa da birrai da mutane na da haɗari ga ɓangarorin biyu - cizon ƙyalle da karce, kuma mutane suna kashe su... Don kiyaye birrai a cikin mazauninsu na gargajiya, masu kula da wasa suna sarrafa motsi na garken, suna yiwa dabbobi alama da fenti daga bindigogin fenti.
Gwanon dabba
Birai sun fi son abincin tsirrai, amma a wasu lokuta ba za su daina ga dabba ba. Don neman wadatattun kayan abinci, suna rufewa daga 20 zuwa 60 km a rana, suna haɗuwa (godiya ga launi na ulu) tare da asalin asalin yankin.
Abincin Baboons ya ƙunshi:
- 'ya'yan itatuwa, rhizomes da tubers;
- tsaba da ciyawa;
- kifin kifi da kifi;
- kwari;
- mai gashin tsuntsu;
- kurege;
- saurayi
Amma suyakin dawa basu daɗe da jin daɗin kyaututtukan ɗabi'a - dodannin wutsiya sun saba da satar abinci daga motoci, gidaje da kwandunan shara. A kudancin Afirka, waɗannan birai suna ta farautar dabbobi (tumaki da awaki).
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kowace shekara sha'awar dabbobi tana ƙaruwa: lura da ƙungiyoyi 16 na beran bebir ya nuna cewa rukuni ɗaya kaɗai ke wadatar da ciyawar, sauran kuma an daɗe da dawo da su azaman maharan.
Rana mara tausayi ta Afirka, ta bushe ƙananan koguna, ya sa ya zama dole a sami wasu hanyoyin samun ruwa. Birai sun sami horo domin cire danshi ta hanyar tono kasan busassun jikkunan ruwa.
Makiya na halitta
Masu fasadi suna guje wa manyan dabbobin, musamman wadanda ke tafiya cikin manyan garken shanu, amma ba za su rasa damar kai wa mace hari ba, wani rauni ko saurayi.
A cikin sararin samaniya sama da garken, barazanar kai hare-hare ta irin wadannan makiya na halitta kamar su:
- zaki;
- cheetah;
- damisa;
- tabo hyena;
- dodo da jan kerkeci;
- karnukan kuraye;
- Kada da Nile;
- black mamba (ba safai ba).
Samari maza, suna tafiya gefen gefunan garken garken, suna ci gaba da lura da filin sannan kuma suna ganin abokan gaba, sai suka shiga tsaka-tsaki don yanke shi daga danginsa. Barkararrawa mai firgitarwa ya zama alamar haɗari, da jin haka, mata masu ɗauke da yara sun haɗu wuri ɗaya, kuma maza suna zuwa gaba.
Suna da ban tsoro - murmushin mugunta da nuna fushin furfura a fili wanda ke nuna shirinsu na yakin mara jin kai... Mai farautar, wanda bai kula da barazanar ba, nan da nan ya ji a fatarsa yadda sojojin bautar suna aiki cikin jituwa, kuma galibi suna ritaya cikin raini.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Ba kowane namiji da farkon lokacin haihuwa yake samun damar shiga jikin mace ba: ƙananan matsayi da shekarun mai nema, ƙananan damar samun sakamako. Yin jima'i ba tare da takaitawa ba zai iya kasancewa tare da babban namiji, wanda ke da fifiko ya sadu da kowane abokin zama a cikin garken.
Auren mace fiye da daya
Dangane da wannan, sakamakon binciken da aka gudanar a cikin keɓaɓɓun iska yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun gano yadda shekarun namiji ya yi daidai da auren mata fiye da daya, ko kuma a ce, da yiwuwar samun nasa matan. An gano cewa duk babobi masu shekaru 4-6 da suka shiga shekarun haihuwa har ilayau bachelor ne. Namiji ne kawai dan shekara bakwai yana da harama, ya kunshi mata daya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An ba da damar auren mata fiye da daya ga bokan da suke bude-baki da suka kai shekaru 9 da haihuwa, kuma a cikin shekaru 3-4 masu zuwa hakkin dan Adam ya ci gaba da karfafawa.
A cikin jinsin karnukan da suka shekara 9-11, tuni rabinsu suka zama masu auren mata fiye da daya, kuma zamanin auren mace fiye da daya ya fadi ne a shekaru 12-14. Don haka, tsakanin birai masu shekaru 12, kashi 80% na mutane sunyi amfani da kanzon kurege. Kuma, a ƙarshe, mafi girman kanzon kurege (idan aka kwatanta shi da ƙaramin rukunin shekaru) suna da bebiyoyi waɗanda suka tsallaka layin suna da shekaru 13 da 14. Amma a cikin maza ‘yan shekara 15, kurege sun fara narkewa kadan-kadan.
Haihuwar zuriya
Babodi galibi suna fada da mata, kuma a wasu jinsunan basa barin ta koda bayan sun sami nasarar jima'i - suna samun abinci, suna haihuwa kuma suna taimakawa wajen kula da jarirai. Ciki yana kasancewa daga 154 zuwa 183 kuma ya ƙare da haihuwar ɗan maraƙi mai nauyin kimanin kilogiram 0.4. Jaririn, mai bakin hoda da baƙin fur, ya manne a cikin uwar don yin tafiya tare da mahaifiyarsa, a lokaci guda yana ciyar da madararta. Bayan ƙarfafawa, yaron ya motsa a bayansa, ya tsaya don ciyar da madara tun yana da wata 6.
Lokacin da dorinariyar ta kai wata 4, sai bakin ta ya yi duhu, sa'annan rigar ta ɗan yi haske, ta sami launuka masu launin toka ko ruwan kasa. Speciesarshen launuka na ƙarshe yawanci yakan bayyana ta shekara. Magungunan birrai da aka yaye daga iyayensu mata sun haɗu a cikin wani kamfani da ke da alaƙa, sun kai ga haihuwa ba a farkon shekaru 3-5 ba. Matasa mata koyaushe suna tare da mahaifiyarsu, kuma maza sukan bar garken garken ba tare da jiran lokacin balaga ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A cikin mazaunin gargajiyar gargajiyar, ana yin ɓarnar sare dazuzzuka, wanda ke shafar yawan birai mara kyau. A gefe guda kuma, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu nau'ikan dabbobin dawa sun yawaita ba yadda za a iya shawo kansu saboda yadda aka samu raguwar yawan masu farautar a nahiyar Afirka, wadanda suka hada da zakuna, da jan kerkeci, da damisa da kuraye.
A cewar masana kimiyyar dabbobi, karuwar da ba a shirya ba a yawan dabbobin dawa sun riga sun haifar da matsaloli da dama - dabbobi sun shiga cikin sabbin yankuna, inda suka fara cudanya da mutane sosai. Wannan ya haifar da sanannen ƙaruwa cikin cututtukan cututtuka, tunda tun da daɗewa ake ɗaukan ɓarna da ɗauke da cututtukan hanji.
A yau, jerin nau'ikan da ke cikin hatsari ba su hada da dabbar beyar ba, wanda ba za a iya cewa game da sauran nau'ikan da ke da dangantaka da shi ba.... Wani ɓangare na yawan jama'a, daga mahangar masu bincike, ya kamata a bincika kuma a ɗauke su cikin kariya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dabo da mutum suna nuna nau'ikan sifofin electrophysiological na matakan bacci. Bugu da ƙari, suna da alaƙa da wasu nuances na halitta - na'urar tsarin haihuwa, hormones da hematopoiesis.
Ofayan tabbatattun matakan da zasu taimaka wajan adana yawan namun daji shine yadda ake kiwon dabbobi a wuraren shakatawar halittu, wuraren bautar namun daji da wuraren gandun daji. Ka tuna cewa Baboon da aka sani a matsayin kusan mafi ƙarancin birrai, godiya ga abin da suka zama ingantaccen abu don nazari.
