Babban mashahurin baƙon Indiya ya fi sananne ga mazaunan Hindustan da yankunan da ke kusa da shi da wasu sunaye biyu - ratufa da malabar.
Bayanin kwalliyar Indiya
Ratufa indica na ɗaya daga cikin mambobi huɗu na Giant Squirrels, wanda memba ne na dangin squirrel.... Yana da katuwar bishiya mai girma, tana girma zuwa 25-50 cm kuma tana da nauyin kilogram 2-3.
Mata sun banbanta da na maza ba sosai a jikinsu ba kamar yadda yake a bayyane na tsarin halitta, a gaban mammary gland. Halin sifa na dukkan katuwar squirls shine lush, sau da yawa jela mai launi biyu, kusan daidai da tsawon jiki. Ratufa tana da kunnuwa masu toshewa wadanda aka karkatar da su zuwa garesu da zuwa sama, kananun idanu masu kyalli da kuma doguwar vibrissae.
Theafafun yatsu suna ƙarewa a cikin manyan ƙusoshin hannu waɗanda ke taimaka wa ɗan sanda ya manne a jikin kututtura da rassa. Hakanan, gammayen da ke kan gaba na hannu, masu fadi da kyau sosai, suna ba wa baƙon Indiya damar kushin yayin tsalle-tsalle: yana tashi daga mita 6-10 ba tare da wata wahala ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ratufa indica tana cinye mafi yawan lokuta a cikin bishiyoyi kuma da ƙyar ta sauka ƙasa. Wannan yawanci yakan faru yayin lokacin haihuwa, lokacin da masu kumbura suka fara yin kwarkwasa da kamun kifi.
Gashi na yan kwalliyar Indiya na iya samun launuka daban-daban, yawanci ana cakuda launuka biyu ko uku, amma duk dabbobi an kawata su da wani farin wuri wanda ke tsakanin kunnuwan. Mafi yawan launuka sune rawaya mai duhu, kirim mai yalwar fata, launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, ko launin ruwan kasa mai zurfi.
Baya ga sandar sandar itace mafi yawanci ana rufe ta da ulu mai laushi mai duhu ja, kirim mai launi mai launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa. Za a iya haɗa kan mai launin ruwan kasa / m tare da gaban goshin kirim da ƙananan jiki.
Tsuntsayen Indiya suna farka da sassafe kuma zuwa yamma: sun kan huta da tsakar rana... Ba a auna tsawon rayuwar Ratufa indica a cikin daji ba, kuma a yanayin wucin gadi, wakilan jinsin suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yankin rarraba katon kifin na Indiya bai iyakance ga yankin na Indiya ba, amma ya ƙara faɗaɗa sosai. Wannan sandar wakiltar sandar bishiyar ta ci nasara ba kawai tsaunukan Sri Lanka ba, dazuzzuka na Kudancin Indiya da tsibirin Indonesia, har ma da sassan Nepal, Burma, China, Vietnam da Thailand.
Gaskiya ne, kewayon babban kifin na Indiya yana raguwa saboda karuwar yawan bishiyoyin da aka sare: dabbobin da suka fi son zama a cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi na ƙasar ana tilasta musu su nemi sabbin wuraren zama.
Af, rabon Ratufa indica zuwa ƙananan raƙuman ruwa yana da alaƙa da shiyya-shiyya na yankin. Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun gano cewa kowannensu bawai ya mallaki wani yanki ne na kewayon ba, amma kuma yana da nasa launi. Gaskiya ne, masana kimiyya sun yi sabani game da yawan raƙuman raƙuman zamani na ƙaton katuwar Indiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Hujjojin bangarorin masu hamayya da juna ya dogara ne da sakamakon binciken biyu da aka gudanar ... ƙarni uku da suka gabata. Sannan an gano cewa Ratufa indica ya haɗa 4 (a cewar wasu kafofin 5) ƙananan alaƙa masu alaƙa.
A cewar wasu rahotanni, ba a sake samun yawan kudin Ratufa indica na kasuwanci a lardin Gujarat ba, wanda ke nufin cewa ya zama dole a yi magana game da kananan kabilu 4 kawai, kuma watakila ma kusan uku. Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu ba su yarda da su kwata-kwata ba, suna rarrabe nau'ikan zamani guda takwas na katuwar katar ta Indiya, dangane da takamaiman launi da wuraren zama.
An bayyana shida daga cikin rabe-raben guda takwas kamar haka:
- Ratufa indica ma'amala ce kumbuwa mai duhu / ruwan kasa-mai-rawaya-rawaya da ke zaune a dazukan da ke da shuke-shuke masu zafi kusa da Dang;
- Ratufa indica centralis tsuntsaye ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi / shuɗi mai launin shuɗi zuwa asalin gandun daji masu bushewar ƙasa na Tsakiyar Indiya, kusa da Khoshangabad;
- Ratufa indica maxima itace mai launin ruwan hoda / duhu, launin shuɗi ko sandar beige mai duhu da aka samo a cikin ƙauyukan damuna masu ƙyalƙyali na Tekun Malabar;
- Ratufa indica bengalensis sandar ƙarfe ne wanda ke zaune a dazuzzuka na tsaunukan tsaunuka na tsaunin Brahmagiri har zuwa gabar tekun Bengal;
- Ratufa indica superans - squirrel tare da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, m ko launin ruwan kasa-rawaya;
- Ratufa indica indica.
Wasu masu binciken sun hakikance cewa ya kamata a kaskanta rabe-raben jinsunan katuwar kifin Indiya a cikin yanayin jinsi. Tattaunawa game da kimiyya game da nau'ikan Ratufa indica an kwashe sama da karni, kuma ba a san yaushe za su kare ba.
Indian Giant squirrel Diet
Wadannan sandunan bishiyar ba su da buƙatun gastronomic na musamman - suna cin kusan duk abin da za su iya samun hannayensu. Abinda ke cikin Giant squirrel na Indiya ya haɗa da:
- 'ya'yan itacen bishiyar' ya'yan itace;
- haushi da furanni;
- kwayoyi;
- kwari;
- qwai tsuntsaye.
Yayin cin abinci, kurege yana tsaye a kan ƙafafuwansa na baya kuma yana iya amfani da ƙafafunsa na gaba, yana ɗebowa da bare 'ya'yan itatuwa... Ana amfani da doguwar wutsiya azaman ma'aunin nauyi - yana taimaka wa squirrel cin abinci don kiyaye daidaito.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Halin haihuwa na Ratufa indica har yanzu ba a fahimta shi sosai. Misali sananne ne cewa, kafin a fara rudani, manya-manyan dabbobin Indiya suna zaune su kaɗai, amma, ƙirƙirar biyu, suna da aminci ga rabinsu na biyu na dogon lokaci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A lokacin da ake saduwa, maza suna saukowa daga bishiyoyi suna fara bin abokan, suna fafatawa da juna. Kowane rodent yana gina gida da yawa akan ƙaramin makirci: a cikin wasu yan iska suna bacci, wasu kuma suna haɗuwa.
Yayinda suke gina gida, dabbobi suna amfani da rassa da ganye, suna baiwa tsarin fasali mai kyau kuma yana karfafa su akan ƙananan rassan don kada masu lalata su isa gare su. Gidajen suna bayyana kansu ne kawai a lokacin fari, lokacin da bishiyoyi ke balding.
Manyan dabbobin Indiya suna yin aure sau da yawa a shekara. Gestation yana ɗaukar kwanaki 28 zuwa 35 kuma yara zasu iya haifuwa a watan Disamba, Maris / Afrilu da Satumba. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi guda ɗaya (a matsakaita) ana haihuwar squirrels 1-2, ƙasa da sau - fiye da uku. Ratufa tana da cikakkiyar fahimta ta uwa wacce ba ta damar barin jariran har sai sun fara ciyar da kansu kuma sun bar gidansu da kansu.
Makiya na halitta
Ratuffs suna da hankali da tsoro kuma halittu masu ban tsoro waɗanda zasu iya ɓoye kansu a cikin kambin. Katuwar dabbar Indiya tana shakkar duk dabbobin da ke kewaye da ita, suna ƙoƙari kada su bayyana kasancewarta kuma suna ɓoye a cikin ciyawar ciyawa.
Jerin manyan abokan gaba na ratufa sun hada da:
- damisa;
- martens;
- manyan kuliyoyin daji;
- macizai;
- tsuntsaye masu farauta
Yana da ban sha'awa! Tare da haɗari da ke tafe, kurege kusan bai taba tserewa ba. Dabarar sa hannun sa tana daskarewa, wanda daddare yake jingina da gangar jikin, kamar yana kokarin hadewa dashi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A cikin 1984, babbar tanadin Bhimashnakar ta Yanayi ta bayyana a yankin yammacin jihar Maharashtra, da ke Indiya.... Lokacin ƙirƙirar ta, hukumomi sun saita babban burin - don adana wuraren zama na ƙaton kutun Indiya. Wurin ajiyar, wanda ke kan yankin kilomita 130, ya zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Ghats kuma yana kusa da garin Ambegaon (gundumar Pune).
Ci gaban wani yanki na musamman mai kariya ga Ratufa indica ya kasance damuwa ne game da halin da ake ciki yanzu na yawan jinsin, wanda (a cewar Kungiyar Hadin Kan Kasashen Duniya) yana kusa da masu rauni.
