Rabies a cikin kuliyoyi

Rabies wani yanki ne na asali, mai saurin yaduwa da cuta wanda ke haifar da kwayar cuta ta neurotropic, wanda galibi ake ɗaukarsa ta hanyar jinin dabbobi masu cutar. A baya, ana kiran wannan cutar "hydrophobia" da "hydrophobia", wanda ya faru ne saboda halayen halayen alamun.

Bayanin cutar

A cikin yanayin yanayi, yawancin nau'ikan dabbobin daji suna iya kiyaye adanawa da yaduwar irin wannan ƙwayar cuta mai saurin haɗari kamar rabies.... Yau cutar hauka ta bambanta:

• nau'ikan yanayi - rabies, wanda wasu dabbobin daji suka kafa, waɗanda suka haɗa da kerkeci da dila, kare raccoon, fox arctic da jackal, dabbar skunk da mongoose, har da jemage;
• Nau'in birni cuta ce da ke tasowa a cikin dabbobin gida da yawa, gami da kuliyoyi, kuma ana yin ta ne ta hanyar hulɗa da namun daji marasa lafiya.

Mahimmanci! Lokacin shiryawa zai iya bambanta daga kwana goma zuwa watanni uku ko huɗu.

Kwayar cutar ta rabies tana da saurin zafi, kuma ana iya kashe shi da sauri a ƙarƙashin tasirin maganin alkaline da na iodine, mayukan wanka da na kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda aka wakilta:

• lysol;
• chloramine;
• hydrochloric acid;
• carbolic acid.

Rаbiеs lyssavirus yana da matukar damuwa da hasken ultraviolet, kuma yakan mutu da sauri lokacin da ya bushe ko ya dahu. Karkashin yanayin yanayin yanayin zafin jiki da daskarewa, kwayar cutar rabies zata iya dadewa.

Rabies cuta ce ta zoonotic, kuma annobarta tana da alaƙa da nau'in rarraba tsakanin dabbobi. A yankin kasarmu, akwai wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyu na irin wannan cuta kamar su rabies:

• an yi rijistar foci na asali a yankin yankin Volga, da kuma a Yammaci da Yankunan Tsakiya, inda kashi 35-72% daga cikinsu suke ɗaukar jan dawakai a matsayin tushen cutar. Haka kuma kyarketai, karnukan raccoon da badgers suna yada kwayar cutar;
• al'adun gargajiya waɗanda aka yiwa rijista a cikin Arctic, ko kuma abin da ake kira "arctic foci", suna da wakiltar ƙwayoyin cuta da ke yawo tsakanin kujerun polar;
• "Urban foci" ana rarrabe shi da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda galibi suna yawo tsakanin karnuka, kuma ana cinye su ta cizon ba kawai ta dabbobin gona ba, har ma da kuliyoyi.

Kuliyoyi ne ke haddasa cutar sankarau a cikin kashi 10 cikin 100 na cutar, yayin da karnuka ke da kusan kashi 60%. Kwayar cutar rabies tana da siffar harsashi, wanda tsawonsa yakai kimanin 180 nm, kuma tsaka-tsakin bangaran bai wuce 75 nm ba. Kwayar cutar tana da siffa mai juyawa ko kuma ta kwaskwarima a wani ƙarshen, kuma tana yin faɗi ko kuma taƙama a wani ƙarshen.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Kamar yadda lura na dogon lokaci ya nuna, cutar hauka tana faruwa ne a kuliyoyin daji da na gida a kowace nahiya, ban da Antarctica. Ba a ba da rahoton cutar ta kwayar cutar ba a cikin jihohin tsibiri kamar Japan, New Zealand, Cyprus da Malta, da Sweden da Norway da Finland da Portugal da Spain.

Abun yana wakiltar G-glycoprotein lipoproteins. Spines ba su nan a ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙwayar cuta. Ya kamata a sani cewa duk kwayar cututtukan kwayar halittar da ake da ita a halin yanzu sun wuce matakin ci gaba a cikin shekaru dubu da ɗari da suka gabata.

Alamun cutar kumburi

Abinda ya kebanta da cutar kumburi shine rashin lafiya mai tsanani baya bayyana nan da nan bayan kamuwa da cat, amma bayan ɗan lokaci. Abin da ya sa ke nan sai farkon kwayar cutar ta fara bayyana yayin da kwayar ta yadu a jikin dabbar. A cikin kuliyoyin manya, lokacin shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 10-42, kuma mutuwar kyanwa tana faruwa da sauri. Akwai keɓaɓɓu a cikin abin da lokacin ɓoye na rabies ya kasance shekara guda.

Babban alamun cututtukan rabies a cikin kuliyoyi sune kamar haka:

• bayyanar sanannun canje-canje a cikin halaye, gami da zalunci ko kasala, damuwa ko rashin nutsuwa;
• karuwar yawan dabbaka dabba maras ma'ana da sihiri;
• kusan rashin asarar ci;
• bayyanar cututtuka na lokaci-lokaci da nakasa.

Matsalar ta ta'allaka ne da bayyanar cututtukan gabbai a cikin kuli a wani mataki na latti, sabili da haka, a duk lokacin ɓoye, dabbar dabbar tana ɗauke da kwayar cuta mai saurin kamuwa da wasu dabbobi ko mai ita. Akwai manyan nau'ikan siffofi guda uku waɗanda ke nuna yanayin irin wannan mummunar cuta kamar cututtukan fata.

Mafi yawan al'amuran, rikice-rikicen cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta shine:

• farkon mataki. A cikin abin da dabba ke zama mai rauni, mai rauni ga amsa umarni kuma yana ƙin yin biyayya ga mai shi. Bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, yanayin kyanwar ya canza sosai, kuma dabbar gidan ta zama mai firgita da rashin natsuwa, mai tsananin firgita da rashin dacewa ga kowane yanayi. A wannan lokacin, dabbar na iya dame wurin cizon wanda cutar ta faru. A cikin kashi na ƙarshe na wannan matakin, an lura da rikicewar ɓangaren kayan ciki;
• matakin manic Ba zai wuce kwana biyar ba. A wannan mataki na ci gaban cutar, dabbar na samun kumburi na tsokokin pharyngeal, waɗanda ke tare da wahalar haɗiye ba abinci kawai ba, har ma da ruwa. A wannan lokacin, yawan salivation, ƙaruwa da tashin hankali mara ma'ana, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da sauri da baƙin ciki, sauti da hoto;
• depressive mataki. Wanda ba zai wuce kwana biyu zuwa uku ba, kuma ya bayyana kansa a cikin siye da nakasawar ci gaba. A wannan lokacin, muryar dabbar gidan ta ɓace gaba ɗaya kuma ƙananan muƙamuƙi suna faɗuwa a hankali, haka kuma harshe yana faɗuwa. Farawa daga gaɓoɓin baya, inna a hankali yakan ratsa cikin jiki zuwa ƙafafun kafa, da sauri ya isa tsokar zuciya da tsarin numfashi, sakamakon haka mutuwar dabbar tana faruwa.

Daga cikin siffofin da ke da sauki akwai mai larurar shan inna, wanda ya kai kimanin kwana uku, kuma ya nuna kansa cikin tsananin so da ma dabbobin. Saduwa da irin wannan dabbobin na da hatsari sosai ga mutumin da zai iya kamuwa da cutar kumburin ciki ta hanyar yau.

Bugu da kari, akwai wani nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, tare da gastritis da shigar ciki, wanda ke haifar da gajiyar jiki gaba ɗaya. A matsayinka na mai mulki, alamun cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ba tare da haɓakawa na ɗan lokaci cikin yanayin yanayin dabba ba, wanda ke daɗa rikitarwa.

Bincike da magani

Feline rabies na da matukar mahimmanci don rarrabewa daga cutar sananniyar Aujeszky, ko kuma abin da ake kira pseudo-rabies. Wannan wata cuta ce mai saurin gaske a cikin nau'ikan dabbobi daban-daban, gami da kuliyoyi, cutar tana bayyana ne ta hanyar ɓarkewar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, tare da tsananin ƙaiƙayi da karcewa. Hakanan, pseudorabies yana tattare da ciwo, zubewa, rashin iya hadiyewa da damuwa na dabba.

Mahimmanci! Ya kamata a lura cewa koda kuwa ana zargin cutar zazzaɓi, dole ne a sanya kyanwar a cikin keɓe masu keɓewa na kimanin makonni biyu. A wasu lokuta, yana da kyau a sanya lokacin keɓewa na wasu watanni.

Dole ne a tuna cewa cutar hauka tare da kwayar cutar ta kwayar cuta sanadin asibiti ne, tare da:

• kasancewar alamun cizo a jikin dabbar;
• canje-canje kwatsam a cikin halayen cat;
• ƙara yawan tashin hankali;
• hydrophobia;
• amsa mai aiki ga matsalolin waje;
• faduwa;
• asarar ci;
• rashin daidaito.

Ganewar asali game da cutar kwayar cuta mai saurin kisa ne kawai bayan an gama gawarsa... A yayin bude dabbar, an cire kwakwalwa, bayan haka dukkan sassan da aka samu ana yin su ne ta hanyar bincikowa don kasancewar jikin Babesh-Negri. Wadannan vesicles cike da ruwa suna dauke da babban kwayar cuta.

Cikakken ganewar asali na cutar hauka an kafa shi ne kawai bayan mutuwa, daidai da bayanan da aka samo sakamakon sakamakon binciken tarihin tarihi na ƙwalwar kwakwalwar dabba. Na baya-bayan nan a cikin gwajin rayuwa shine gwajin cutar ƙwayoyi a cikin kuliyoyi, wanda ke bincika jini da samfurin fata. Ana amfani da wannan sigar ta yau da kullun game da cutar hauka ta mata ta manyan cibiyoyin bincike.

Abinci don tsawon lokacin jiyya

Wasu daga cikin fa'idodi masu amfani don sauƙaƙe cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da:

• jan kayan lambu, da 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace, waɗanda tumatir da kabeji suka wakilta, barkono mai ƙararrawa da gwoza, rumman da 'ya'yan inabi, raspberries da apples, inabi, da chokeberry da viburnum;
• ganye, musamman alayyafo;
• kifin teku tare da wadataccen mai mai yawa;
• fruita fruitan itace da vegetablea vegetablean itace masu vegetableazeda.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Ya kamata a lura cewa, tare da sauran cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, cutar ƙyamar cuta ta ƙunshi yin amfani da abinci mai ƙarfi sosai a cikin abinci, tare da ƙarin abinci tare da manyan ƙwayoyin bitamin da ma'adinai.

A lokaci na ci gaban inna, tare da tsananin wahala a aikin numfashi, da haɓaka salivation, dole ne duk abinci ya kasance cikin sauƙin narkewa, zai fi dacewa a cikin nau'in mushy ko mashed dankali. Kasancewar hydrophobia ba dalili bane don rage tsarin shan giya.

Hanyoyin rigakafi

Ba za ku iya warkar da cutar hauka a cikin kyanwa ba. Lokacin da alamun cutuka suka bayyana, dole ne mai kifin ya shirya don dabbar ta mutu. Kwayar cutar ta Rabies tana da saurin yaduwa, saboda haka, yayin tabbatar da cutar, ya kamata a dauki wadannan matakan da suka wajaba:

• keɓe dabbar don rage haɗarin kamuwa da wasu dabbobin gida ko mutane;
• kira kwararru daga asibitin dabbobi;
• wanke wuraren hulɗa da irin wannan dabba tare da sabulun alkaline tare da yalwar ruwan zafi;
• gudanar da maganin rigakafin cutar sankarau tare da magungunan kwayar cutar.

Hanya mafi inganci kuma mafi inganci don rigakafin kamuwa da cutar rabies har yanzu ana yin rigakafin dabbobi na lokaci lokaci. An yi wa kuliyoyi rigakafin cutar kwayar cutar kyauta a asibitocin dabbobi na gari, ta yin amfani da rigakafin gida. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa dabbobin da ba a yin rigakafin akan lokaci ba za su iya shiga cikin baje kolin ba, tafiya ko barin ƙasar don kowane dalili.

Alurar riga-kafi ta farko an ba kittens ne tun suna ƙuruciya, nan da nan bayan canjin hakora ya auku - a kusan watanni uku da haihuwa. Ana yin rigakafin dabbobi manya a kowace shekara. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yakamata a yiwa kuliyoyin lafiya cikakke bayan rigakafin yau da kullun.

An haramta yin allurar rigakafi ga kuliyoyi masu ciki ko masu shayarwa, kazalika da aiwatar da matakan riga-kafi nan da nan bayan haifuwa da dabbar. A halin yanzu, daga cikin shahararrun magunguna don rigakafin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro akwai alluran "Quadriket", "Rabikan", "Leukorifelin" da "Nobivac".

Masana na daukar kebance duk wata hulda tsakanin dabbobi da dabbobin da suka bata a matsayin muhimmin matakin kariya.... Rabies har yanzu matsalar duniya ce. Fiye da mutane dubu hamsin ne ke mutuwa a kowace shekara sakamakon kamuwa da kwayar cutar rabies.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Kamar yadda al'adar take nunawa, duk shirye-shiryen zamani na yin allurar rigakafin kwayar cutar Rabies kusan basu da wata illa, sabili da haka kyanwa da kuliyoyin manya sun haƙura dasu.

Cutar fashewar cututtukan episodic na kwayar cuta mai saurin yaduwa ana rikodin su lokaci-lokaci har ma a cikin manyan ƙauyuka, sabili da haka, ba zai yiwu ba a yi watsi da matakan rigakafi masu tasiri game da cutar ƙuraje, yana motsa irin wannan ƙin tare da ƙananan haɗarin kamuwa da cuta.

Hadari ga mutane

Allurar rigakafin cutar kwayar cuta da aka samu a ƙarshen karni na sha tara ta shahararren masanin kimiyya daga Faransa - Louis Pasteur. Godiya ga irin wannan rigakafin, masu duk wata dabbobin gida, gami da kuliyoyi, suna da damar rage haɗarin kamuwa da wata kwayar cuta mai saurin kisa ga dabbobi da mutane.

Ya kamata a sani cewa alamun cutar ƙuruciya a cikin mutane yana da yawan bambance-bambance daga alamun irin wannan cuta a cikin kuliyoyi, kuma lokacin shiryawa ya dogara ne da yadda wurin cizon yake daga yankin kan mutum.

A halin yanzu, akwai matakai guda uku na cutar kwayar cuta da ke faruwa a cikin mutane:

1. Mataki na farko bai wuce kwana uku ba... Yana da halin rashin lafiya na gaba ɗaya, ciwon kai da raɗaɗin jijiyoyi, da ƙananan zazzaɓi, bushe baki, da tari. A wannan lokacin, ci abinci yana raguwa, ciwon makogwaro, tashin zuciya da yawan amai. Ana lura da ja, zafi da ƙaiƙayi na taɓawa a wurin cizon. Mutumin da ke kamuwa da cutar kumburi sau da yawa yana da tsoro wanda ba a bayyana ba, damuwa da rashin barci, kuma a wasu lokuta, ana iya samun haushin da ba shi da himma da bayyanar da mafarki;
2. Mataki na biyu bai wuce kwana biyu zuwa uku ba... A wannan lokacin, bayyanar tashin hankali, damuwa da damuwa, hare-haren hydrophobia da numfashi mai motsi suna da halaye masu kyau. Mutumin da ba shi da lafiya ya zama mai saurin fusata da saurin fushi. Irin waɗannan hare-hare na ta'addancin da ba na motsawa ba galibi suna tare da ƙara gumi da jinƙai;
3. Mataki na uku kuma na ƙarshe shine kwanciyar hankali.... Saboda haka, jin tsoro, tashin hankali da hare-haren hydrophobia sun ɓace. Mutum mara lafiya ko da bege na samun saurin warkewa a wannan lokacin, amma kwatsam zafin jikin ya tashi zuwa 40-42^{game da}C, yanayin girgiza da gurguntar zuciya ko tsarin numfashi ya ƙaru, wanda ya zama dalilin mutuwa.

Nan da nan bayan karɓar cizon, wanda aka azabtar ya zama dole ya wanke rauni kamar yadda ya kamata tare da sabulun wanki kuma nan da nan ya tuntubi asibitin, inda likita zai ba da jadawalin rigakafin. Matsakaicin tsawon lokacin kwayar cutar ba da wuce mako ɗaya ba.

Yayin magani, ana keɓe mai haƙuri daga duk wani abin da ya haifar da shi kuma ya kamata ya karɓi maganin cututtuka.... Yana da matukar muhimmanci a tuna cewa cutar ƙyamar cuta cuta ce mai saurin kisa, kuma har yanzu ba a samar da tsarin kula da irin wannan cuta ba, saboda haka, magungunan rigakafi na ba da gudummawa ga murmurewa kawai lokacin da aka gudanar da su kai tsaye.

Rabies bidiyo

Kalli bidiyon: Families - the human cost of rabies (Nuwamba 2024).