Tuatara, wanda aka fi sani da tuatara (Sphenodon runctatus), mai rarrafe ne, wanda shine kawai wakilin zamani wanda yake cikin tsoffin umarnin beak da dangin Hakori.
Bayanin tuatara
Da farko kallo daya, zai yuwu ka rikitar da tumatur tare da talakawa, kadangare.... Amma akwai halaye da yawa wadanda zasu sa a iya rarrabe tsakanin wakilan wadannan jinsunan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Nauyin jikin manya-manya na tuatara kusan kilogram ne, kuma matan da suka manyanta suna yin kusan rabin.
Bayyanar
Mai kama da kamanni zuwa iguana, dabbar da ta haɗu da jinsi ta Sphenodon tana da jiki mai tsayi daga 65-75 cm, gami da wutsiya. Dabbobi masu rarrafe ana halayyar da zaitaccen koren launi ko launin toka mai launin toho a gefen jiki. A jikin wata gabar jiki akwai furci, launin rawaya wanda ya bambanta da girman.
Kamar dai yadda yake a cikin iguana, tare da dukkanin fuskar bayan bayan, daga yankin occipital har zuwa wutsiya, akwai tsaka mai tsayi da yawa, wanda aka wakilta da halaye, faranti masu kusurwa uku. Godiya ga wannan kwarjinin cewa halittar rarrafe ta sami wani suna na asali - tuatara, wanda ke nufin "makirci" a fassarar.
Koyaya, duk da kamannin waje da ƙadangare, kusan a ƙarshen rabi na biyu na karni na goma sha tara, wannan dabba mai rarrafe an danganta shi ga umarnin kan-baki (Rhynchocerhalia), wanda ya faru ne saboda abubuwan da ke jikin jiki, musamman ma yankin kai.
Wani fasali na tsarin cranium na tarin fuka shine fasali mai ban sha'awa wanda aka gabatar a cikin samari mafi ƙanƙanta ta hanyar hammata ta sama mai ban mamaki, rufin kwanyar da ƙwarƙwara, waɗanda ke da isasshen motsi dangane da akwatin kwakwalwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Don tabbatar da adalci, ya kamata a sani cewa kasancewar jijiyoyin jiki na asali ba kawai a cikin irin wannan dabba mai rarrafe kamar tuatara ba, amma kuma halayyar wasu nau'in macizai ne da kadangaru.
Irin wannan tsarin da ba a saba gani ba a cikin tuatara ana kiran sa yanayin motsi.... Sakamakon wannan fasalin shine karfin gaban goshin hawan dabba dan lankwasawa kadan tare da juya baya a karkashin yanayin mawuyacin motsi a yankin wasu bangarorin kokon kan mai rarrafe mai rarrafe. Wannan dabi'a ta gadar ne daga kashin bayan kasa daga kifin wanda aka daddatsa, wanda yake dadadden magabatan tuatara.
Toari da asalin tsarin ciki na ɓangaren cranium da ɓangaren kwarangwal, kulawa ta musamman na masana kimiyyar cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje sun cancanci kasancewar wata kwayar halittar da ba a saba da ita ba a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, wanda ke wakiltar parietal ko ido na uku da ke cikin occiput. Ido na uku ya fi fitowa fili a cikin samari da ba su balaga ba. Bayyanar ido na farilla yana kama da ɗan tabon da aka zagaye shi da sikeli.
Irin wannan gabar ana rarrabe ta da kwayoyin halitta masu haske da tabarau, a rashin cikakken tsokoki wadanda ke da alhakin maida hankali ga wurin ido. A yayin saurin girma na halittar dabbobi masu rarrafe, ido na ciki yana girma, saboda haka yana da wahala a rarrabe tsakanin manya.
Salon rayuwa da hali
Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna aiki ne kawai a yanayin ƙananan zafin jiki, kuma mafi kyawun yanayin jikin dabba yana cikin kewayon 20-23game daC. Da rana, tuatara koyaushe yakan ɓuya a cikin rami mai zurfi, amma da farkon sanyin yamma, sai ya tafi farauta.
Dabbar dabba ba ta da motsi sosai. Tuatara yana daya daga cikin 'yan dabbobi masu rarrafe da ke da muryar gaske, kuma ana jin kukan baƙin ciki da ƙyallen wannan dabbar a daren da ke cike da hazo.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Abubuwan halayyar tuatara za su iya haɗawa tare da zama tare a yankunan tsibirin tare da ɗanɗano mai launin toka da kuma yawan taron tsuntsayen.
A cikin hunturu, dabba hibernates. Wutsiya ta kama shi, sai tuatara ya yar da shi da sauri, wanda sau da yawa yakan ba dabbobi masu rarrafe damar ceton rai yayin da abokan gaba suka far musu. Hanyar sake farfado da wutsiyar da aka jefar tana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo.
Hali shine ikon wakilan umarnin-baki da dangin hakori na Klin su iya iyo sosai, kuma su riƙe numfashin su na awa ɗaya.
Tsawon rayuwa
Aya daga cikin sifofin halittu masu rarrafe kamar tuatara shine jinkirin saurin motsa jiki da hana ayyukan rayuwa, wanda ke tabbatar da ba saurin saurin ci gaban dabbobi ba.
Tuatara ya balaga ta hanyar jima'i ne kawai da shekaru goma sha biyar ko ashirin, kuma tsawon rayuwar mai rarrafe a yanayin yanayi na iya zama shekara ɗari. Mutanen da aka haifa a cikin bauta, a matsayin ƙa'ida, ba za su wuce shekaru biyar ba.
Wurin zama da mazauni
Mazaunin tuatara na asali har zuwa karni na goma sha huɗu ya sami wakilcin Tsibirin Kudu, amma isowar kabilun Maori ya haifar da ɓacewar cikakken yawan jama'a da sauri. A yankin tsibirin Arewa, an ga mutane na ƙarshe na dabbobi masu rarrafe a farkon karni na ashirin.
A yau, tsoffin tsuntsaye masu rarrafe na New Zealand tuatara suna gida ne ga ƙananan tsibiran da ke kusa da New Zealand. An tsabtace mazaunin tuatara musamman daga dabbobin da ke cin naman daji.
Gina jiki na tuatara
Tuatara daji yana da kyakkyawan ci... Abincin irin wannan mai rarrafe ya banbanta sosai kuma kwari da tsutsotsi, gizo-gizo, katantanwa da kwadi ne ke wakiltar shi, ƙananan beraye da kadangaru.
Sau da yawa, wakilan yunwa na tsohuwar umarnin beakheads da Iyalin Wedan hakora suna lalata tsuntsayen tsuntsaye, suna cin ƙwai da jarirai sabbin haihuwa, kuma suna kama ƙananan tsuntsaye. Cutar tarin fuka ta haɗiye abin da aka kama, bayan an ɗan tauna shi kaɗan ta haƙoran da suka haɓaka.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, wanda ya zo yankin Kudancin Kudancin duniya kusan a cikin kwanaki goma na ƙarshe na Janairu, aikin haifuwa mai aiki yana farawa ne a cikin wani abu mai ban al'ajabi wanda yake na tsohuwar ƙa'idar beakheads da dangin Wedan hakora.
Bayan hadi ya auku, mace na yin kwai takwas zuwa goma sha biyar bayan wata tara ko goma... Qwai da aka sanya a cikin kananan kaburai an binne su da kasa da duwatsu, bayan an saka su. Lokacin shiryawa yana da tsayi sosai, kuma kimanin watanni goma sha biyar ne, wanda kwata-kwata ba sabon abu bane ga sauran nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Matsakaicin yanayin zafin jiki mafi kyau, yana ba da damar haihuwar kusan adadin lambobi na yara tuatara na mata da maza, alamu ne a matakin 21game daDAGA.
Masana kimiyya daga ɗayan manyan Jami'o'in na Wellington sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu ban sha'awa da ban mamaki, a lokacin da ya yiwu a tabbatar da kasancewar alaƙar kai tsaye tsakanin masu nunin zazzabi da kuma jima'i na zuriya da aka ɓullo na tuatara. Idan aikin shiryawa yana faruwa a zazzabi da ƙari 18game daC, sannan mata ne kawai aka haifa, kuma a zafin jiki na 22 game daMaza ne kawai ke wannan nau'in mai rarrafe mai haihuwar.
Makiya na halitta
Tuatara shine kadai mai karbar bakuncin duk wani matakin ci gaba na irin wannan ciyawar ta nakasa kamar Amblyomma sprhenodonti Dumbleton. Kwanan baya, halittu ko makiya na dabbobi masu rarrafe daga umarnin beak-kai da dangin Dabo da haƙoran dabbobi sun sami wakilcin dabbobin lalatattu, karnuka da beraye, waɗanda ke zaune a yankin tsibirin da yawa kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga raguwar ƙimar yawan tuatara. Masu farautar namun daji tare da babban farin ciki sun cin abinci a kan ƙwai da ƙuruciya da ƙarancin dabbobi masu rarrafe, wanda hakan ya kasance babbar barazanar kai tsaye ga rayuwar tuatara.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Saboda karancin matakan tafiyar da rayuwa, halittar tuatara mai rarrafe ko wacce ake kira tuatara tana da fasali mai matukar ban sha'awa - yana iya numfashi tare da banbancin dakika bakwai.
A halin yanzu, tsarin daidaita tsibirin da "burbushin halittu masu rai" ke zaune a ciki mutane suna sa ido sosai. Don haka ba a razana yawan ƙadangaren ido uku ba, ana iya sarrafa yawan nau'ikan maharan da ke zaune a yankin.
Duk wanda ke son ganin baƙon abu a cikin yanayin tuatara a cikin mazaunin ƙasa dole ne ya sami izini na musamman ko abin da ake kira wucewa. A yau, Gatteria ko Tuatara suna cikin shafuka na Red Book na Duniya, kuma jimillar dukkanin dabbobi masu rarrafe kusan mutane dubu ɗari ne.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Irin wannan baƙon abu kuma mafi ƙarancin "burbushin halittu", wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci daga wakilansa wanda ya wanzu a Duniyarmu kimanin shekaru miliyan ɗari biyu da suka gabata, a halin yanzu ana samun sa ne kawai a cikin tsaunuka ko yankunan tsibiri. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa keɓaɓɓiyar dabba mai rarrafe a yau ana kiyaye ta sosai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Duk da cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe sun yi kama da babban iguana, tsarin gabobin ciki yana kama da wakilan kifi, macizai ko kada.
Adadin duk wanda ke rayuwa yanzu yana kusan mutane dubu ɗari. Coloan mulkin mallaka mafi girma yana kan yankin tsibirin Stephens kusa da mashigar Cook, inda kusan ataan Tatar dubu 50 ke rayuwa. A cikin ƙananan yankuna, yawan mutanen tuatara, a ƙa'ida, bai fi mutane dubu biyar ba.
Gwamnatin New Zealand ta daɗe da sanin darajar irin wannan mai ban al'ajabi kuma mai rarrafe, sabili da haka, an gabatar da tsarin tsayayyar tsari da sarrafawa. Tuatar a halin yanzu ana cinikinta cikin nasara a gidan Zoo na Sydney a Australia.
Ya kamata a sani cewa tuatuwa ba za a ci ba, kuma fatar irin wannan dabba ba ta da bukatar kasuwanci, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga wani adana yawan jama'a.... Tabbas, rayuwar irin wadannan halittu masu rarrafe na musamman ba'a fuskantar hadari a yau, kuma a cikin garkuwar wannan wakilin tsohon tsarin beakheads da dangin Klintooth ana ajiye su ne kawai a wuraren shakatawa na dabbobi da yawa.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, har zuwa 1989 an yi imani da cewa jinsin halittu iri daya ne kawai ke irin wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe, amma sanannen farfesan a Jami'ar Victoria ko Wellington, Charles Dougherty, ya sami damar tabbatarwa daga mahangar kimiyya cewa a yau akwai nau'uka biyu - tuatara (Sphenodon runctus) da Tuatara daga Tsibirin Brother.
