Koren itacen itace tsuntsaye ne gama gari a yammacin Eurasia, mallakar dangin Woodpecker ne da kuma umarnin Woodpecker. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, akwai yiwuwar karkata zuwa adadi mai yawa na irin wannan tsuntsayen da ba a saba da su ba.
Bayani da bayyana
Tsuntsun yana da matsakaici a girma, amma a bayyane ya fi bishiyar mai launin toka-toka... Tsawon jiki na baligi shine 33-36 cm tare da fikafikan 40-44 cm kuma nauyin 150-250 gram. Likin jikin fikafikan da saman jiki yana da yanayin launi na zaitun-mai ɗanɗano. Partananan ɓangaren jikin tsuntsun yana rarrabe ta mai paler, mai launin toka-mai-toshiya ko launin kore mai haske, tare da kasancewar duhu da masu wucewa. Gefen wuya da kai koren launi ne, yayin da baya baya yin duhu. Yankin maƙogwaro a gaba haske ne mai launi.
Fasalin kambi da bayan kai shine kasancewar ɗan siririn hular gashin fuka-fukan ja masu haske. Sashin gaban kai da kan iyakar idanun suna da launi baƙi kuma suna kama da `` baƙin maski '' wanda ya bambanta da bangon jar hure da kunci mai ɗan fari. Iris ɗin rawaya ne-fari. Bakin tsuntsun yana da launin toka-toka, tare da tushe mai launin rawaya. Uppertail yana da ɗan furci, mai launin rawaya-kore.
Theananan bishiyoyin bishiyar koren bishiyar Pisus viridis shаrpei sun bazu a kan yankin Tsibirin Iberian kuma wani lokacin ana ɗauke shi azaman ɗan adam mai zaman kansa wanda ya sha bamban da babban jama'a.
Shugaban irin wannan tsuntsun yana da kusan rashin cikakkiyar gashin fuka-fukai da kasancewar “abin rufe fuska” na launuka masu launin toka mai duhu kewaye da idanuwa. Wani yanki na koren itacen itace itace vаillantii, wanda yake gama gari a arewa maso yamma Morocco da arewa maso yammacin Tunisia. Wannan nau'in an fi saninsa da koren itacen itace.
Wurin zama da mazauni
Babban wakilin mazaunin koren bishiyoyin katako yana wakiltar:
- yankin yammacin Eurasia;
- gabar tekun Bahar Rum na Turkiyya;
- ƙasashen mallakar Caucasus;
- yankin Arewacin Iran;
- kudancin yankin Turkmenistan;
- bangaren kudu na gabar Tekun Fasha da Finland;
- bakin kogin Kama;
- Tafkin Ladoga;
- Kwarin Volga;
- Woodland;
- ƙananan matakan Dniester da Danube;
- yankin gabashin Ireland;
- wasu tsibirai a cikin Bahar Rum;
- gaɓaɓɓun yankuna na gandun daji kewaye da Naro-Fominsk, a Chekhovsky da Serpukhovsky, da Stupinsky da Kashirsky gundumomi.
An fi samun koren itacen itace a cikin dazuzzuka, da lambuna da wuraren shakatawa.... Yana da matukar wuya a sami irin wannan tsuntsu a cikin gauraye ko yankunan concirous. Tsuntsayen sun fi son kusan duk wani shimfidar wuri mai buɗe-ido, saboda haka galibi sukan sauka a gefen rafin gandun daji, a cikin filayen da ke kusa da itacen oak ko alder.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya samun adadi mai yawa na mutane a gefen dajin da kuma cikin gawar, kuma abin da ake buƙata don yin shuken koren itacen itace shine kasancewar ɗumbin manyan tururuwa na ƙasa. Tururuwa ce waɗanda ake ɗaukar abincin da aka fi so ga wannan nau'in tsuntsaye.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ana iya lura da tsuntsayen wannan nau'in a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, lokacin da lokacin aiki na tashi, tare da kuwwa da kira akai-akai, ya fara don itace koren itace.
Yanayin koren itace
Koren itacen katako, duk da haske da asalin abin da yake zanawa, ya fi so ya zama mai ɓoyayyen sirri, wanda hakan ya zama sananne musamman a lokacin nesting. Wannan jinsin dangin katako galibi masu son zama ne, amma yana da damar yin yawo a cikin gajeren zango don neman abinci. Ko da a lokacin hunturu mai wahala da yunwa, koren bishiyoyin kore sun gwammace da motsawa nesa da kilomita biyar daga wurin dare.
Halin tsuntsaye
Halin kwankwasa halaye na yawancin katako itace kuma yadda tsuntsaye ke sadarwa.... Amma shuke-shuken itace sun banbanta da wadanda suka zaba ta hanyar iya tafiya sosai a kasa, kuma kusan ba a taba "ganga" kuma da kyar ana bugun kututtukan itace da bakunansu. Gudun irin wannan tsuntsu mai zurfin gaske ne kuma mai kamannin kala-kala, tare da fasalin fikafikansa kai tsaye kai tsaye.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Koren bishiyoyin suna da yatsun kafa huɗu da ƙafafu masu kaifi masu kaifi, tare da taimakon abin da suke kafewa da ƙusoshin bishiyoyi, wutsiya kuwa tana matsayin tsuntsu.
Kukan ɗan koren itace ana jinsa kusan duk shekara. Tsuntsaye na iya yin kururuwa, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba, kuma rubutun ya fi kaushi da ƙarfi fiye da kukan itacen itace mai ruwan toka. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, a cewar masana, yawanci irin wannan kukan yana tare da wani irin "dariya" ko "kururuwa", wanda a koyaushe ake ajiye su a sautin murya guda.
Tsawon rayuwa
Matsakaicin rayuwar kowane nau'in itacen itace, a ƙa'ida, ya kai kimanin shekaru tara, amma koren bishiyoyi a cikin mazauninsu yana da ƙarancin wuce layin shekaru bakwai.
Matsayi da yawa
An rubuta jinsunan a kwanan nan a cikin Littafin Ja a cikin yankuna da ke makwabtaka da yankunan Ryazan da Yaroslavl, haka kuma an same su a shafukan Mosko Red Book. Dukkan wuraren zama na koren itacen itace a yankin Moscow suna da kariya.
Zuwa yau, babu wani bayani game da nasarar wannan nau'in a cikin fursunoni, sabili da haka, don kiyaye adadin da ke raguwa, ana ɗaukar matakan, waɗanda aka gabatar ta hanyar kaya da kariya daga manyan wuraren tururuwa, da kuma duk wuraren zama da ake buƙata don gandun daji a cikin wuraren shakatawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A halin yanzu, yawan koren bishiyar da ke kusa da Moscow ya daidaita a mafi ƙarancin ƙima, kuma jimillar adadin bai wuce nau'i-nau'i ɗari.
Cin koren itacen itace
Green woodpeckers suna cikin rukunin tsuntsayen da basu da hankali.... Abincin da aka fi so daga cikin waɗannan tsuntsaye shine tururuwa, waɗanda kawai ana cin su da yawa. Don neman manyan tururuwa, gandun daji suna tashi a tsakanin bishiyoyi. Bayan an gano gidan tururuwa, sai tsuntsayen su tashi zuwa gare shi, sannan kuma su haƙa rami mai zurfin 8-10 cm kuma su fara jiran ƙwarin su fito. Duk tururuwa da ke fitowa daga cikin ramin da aka yi, kawai suna lasar ƙasa tare da dogon da kuma ɗan manne ɗan koren itacen itacen.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A lokacin hunturu, lokacin da tururuwa ke zurfafawa cikin ƙasa don kawar da yanayin sanyi, kuma duk fuskar duniya tana lulluɓe da dusar ƙanƙara mai kauri, ɗan itacen bishiyar kore, don neman abinci, yana iya haƙa ba kawai zurfin ba, har ma da ramuka masu tsayi sosai.
Tare da farkon sanannen ƙarshen ƙarshen kaka ko sanyin hunturu, tsuntsaye na iya ɗan canza tsarin abincin su na yau da kullun. A wannan lokaci na shekara, tsuntsaye suna neman ɓoye ko kwari masu barci a wurare daban-daban na gandun daji. Katako ba ya ratsa abincin tsire, yana amfani da fruitsa ofan bishiyar yew da ash dutsen daji a matsayin ƙarin abincin. A cikin shekaru musamman masu jin yunwa, tsuntsun yana ciyar da 'ya'yan itacen mulberries da inabi, yana cin cherries da cherries, apples and pears, sannan kuma yana iya ɗanyanke berriesa berriesan' ya'yan itace ko berriesa seedsan da suka rage akan rassan.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin mafi yawan haifuwa na itacen koren itace ya faɗi a ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Sha'awar tashin hankali a cikin tsuntsayen wannan nau'in ana lura da shi a farkon ko tsakiyar watan Fabrairu, kuma yana dawwama har zuwa tsakiyar watan bazara na ƙarshe. Kusan a farkon shekaru goma na Afrilu, maza da mata suna da kyau sosai, saboda haka sukan tashi daga wani reshe zuwa wani, da ƙarfi kuma galibi suna ihu. Wani lokaci a wannan lokacin zaka iya jin ƙarar "duriyar" da ba ta da nauyi.
Bayan saduwa, mace da namiji, ban da musayar sigina da sauti, da farko sun fara bin juna na tsawon lokaci, sannan suka zauna kusa da juna, suna girgiza kai suna taɓa bakunansu. Ana kafa nau'i-nau'i sau da yawa daga shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Maris zuwa farkon rabin Afrilu. Bayan an kafa ma'auratan daga baya, sai namiji ya gabatar da al'adar mace, sannan kuma sai a fara aiwatar da aikin.
Tsarin gida, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana aiwatar dashi a cikin tsohuwar rami, wanda ya kasance bayan sauran nau'in katako.... Kamar yadda kwarewar lura da wadannan tsuntsayen ya nuna, wasu gida biyu ne suka gina sabon gida a nesa nesa ba kusa da rabin kilomita daga sherar bara. Duk tsarin ginin kai na sabon rami ba zai wuce wata ba. An ba da fifiko ga nau'in bishiyar bishiya tare da isasshen itace mai taushi:
- poplar;
- beech;
- aspen;
- birch;
- Willow.
Matsakaicin zurfin gurbin da aka gama ya banbanta tsakanin 30-50 cm, tare da diamita na 15-18 cm. Zagaye ko a tsaye oblong notch bai yi yawa a girma ba. Duk ɓangaren cikin ramin an rufe shi da ƙurar itace. Lokacin kwanciya ya banbanta gwargwadon yanayin wurin da shafin yake. A yankuna da yawa na ƙasarmu, ƙwarjin bishiyar mata ke sanya ƙwai a ƙarshen lokaci, kusan ƙarshen bazara.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Cikakken kama yawanci yakan ƙunshi daga ƙwai oblong biyar zuwa takwas, an rufe shi da fari da sheƙi mai sheƙi. Matsakaicin girman kwai suna 27-35x20-25 mm.
Tsarin brooding yana ɗaukar ofan makonni ko morean ƙari. Namiji da mace sun shirya kwanciya, a madadin. Da dare, namiji yana cikin gida. Idan kamayen asali ya ɓace, mace na iya canza wurin gida kuma ta sake yin ƙwai.
Haihuwar kajin yana tattare da aiki tare. Kaji suna kyankyashe tsirara, ba tare da murfin ƙasa ba. Duk iyayen biyu suna taka rawa a cikin kulawa da ciyar da 'ya'yansu, waɗanda ke sake sabunta abincin da aka kawo da yankakken cikin bakinsu. Kaji na fara tashi daga cikin gida makonni hudu bayan haihuwa. Da farko, kajin da suka girma sun yi gajeren tashi. Kimanin 'yan watanni, duk tsuntsaye samari suna tare tare da iyayensu, amma sai dangin koren bishiyoyi suka watse kuma samarin suka tashi sama.
Makiya na halitta
Abokan gaba na bishiyar itace sun hada da fuka-fukai da masu farautar kasa, wadanda ke iya farautar manya, kuma sukan lalata gidajen tsuntsaye. Rushewar yawan mutane kuma ana sauƙaƙe ta hanyar gasa tare da ɗan bishiyar toka mai ruwan toka da ayyukan ɗan adam, wanda ke haifar da bushewa daga wurare masu yawa na tsayayyun gandun daji. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, itacen bishiyar koren yana mutuwa saboda tasirin lalacewar halittar dan adam, gami da gina gidajen gida na bazara da nishadi na kasa.
