Sunan gama gari "skinks" yana boye sama da nau'in dubu daya da rabi mallakar daya, mafi yawa, dangin kadangaru. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa Scincidae suka banbanta a rayuwa, kamanni, ɗabi'ar cin abinci da yadda suke haifuwa.
Bayanin skinks
Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin skins suna farawa da waje: wasu an zana su da haske, wasu kuma ba sa bayyanawa.... Zananan ƙadangare masu tsayin santimita 6 (alal misali, skink na Gabas ta Tsakiya) suna da manyan dangi, kamar su skink mai wutsiya, wanda ya kai girman 70 cm.
Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu suna kiran yanayin da ya hada dukkan sikoki - sikeli (mai kusan kusan kifi) kwance a kan faranti na kashin gaske: kawai a cikin wasu 'yan jinsunan ana cike da jijiyoyi ko tarin fuka. Mizanin dorsal da na ciki kusan iri daya ne a tsari.
An lullube kan da sifofin walwala iri; kokon kansa yana dauke da sanannun baka na lokaci-lokaci. Skinks suna da haƙoran hakora da ɗan lanƙwasa. Dabbobi masu rarrafe da ke cin namodi da tsire-tsire sun baje da faɗaɗa haƙoransu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Skinks suna kallon duniya da idanu tare da keɓaɓɓen fatar ido da ɗalibai zagaye. Wasu na iya gani ta cikin rufaffiyar idanu, wanda "taga" ta karamin fatar ido ta sauwaka. A cikin idanun golog, kamar na macizai, ana haɗa fatar ido a hade.
Iyalin Scincidae sun haɗa da mutane marasa ƙafa da "ƙafafu huɗu", gami da:
- maciji mara ƙafa;
- tare da gajerun gaɓoɓi da yatsun da ba su ci gaba ba;
- tare da gajerun gaɓoɓi da adadin yatsu na al'ada;
- tare da yatsun hannu da gaɓoɓin da suka dace.
Yawancin skinks suna da doguwar jela, amma kuma gajere ne, ana amfani dashi don ajiyar mai (gajeren gajere na siki) ko kuma kamawa (silin mai jeran tayal). A kusan dukkan abubuwan da ke jikin silin, wutsiyar ta yanke cikin haɗari. Yayin da mai bin sawun yake lura da kwanciyarsa, kadangaren ya gudu.
Nau'in skinks
Skinks sun kasu kashi 4 a cikin dangin gida, game da jinsi 130 da kuma fiye da nau'in dubu 1.5. Iyalai ne kawai za'a iya lissafa su (a cikin tsarin labarin):
- skinss na ligosomal sune mafi wakilcin dangi, gami da jinsi 96;
- makafin idanu - kawai nau'in kwafin idanuwa mara kafafuwa na shi ne;
- skinks acontium;
- skink.
Idan duk dabbobi masu rarrafe sun hadu sun hadu, da wuya su gane junan su dangi ne. Mai kama da spruce mazugi (saboda sikeli masu nauyi), gajeren zango na Australiya zai yi mamakin alaƙar da Alai ƙarya gologlaz, ta rarrafe a cikin duwatsun Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan da Tajikistan.
Da kadangaru na Arboreal (tare da farantin a ƙafafunsu, yana mai sauƙaƙa hawa dutsen kututture da ganye) da wuya a haɗa su cikin ƙawancen ƙawancen fata masu fata marasa ƙafa da ke zaune a Afirka.
Koyaya, duk waɗannan manya da ƙanana, masu rarrabuwar kawuna da masu kaifi daya, makafi da manya-manyan idanu, masu cin nama da dabbobi masu rarrafe na dangin Scincidae ne.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Saboda bambancin jinsinsu, skink ya zauna ko'ina a duniya, ban da Antarctica.... Mafi yawancin lokuta ana samunta ne a ɓangaren yankuna masu zafi, amma ba sabon abu bane a yankuna masu nisa (arewa / kudu) na ekweita.
Skinks suna da wakilci sosai a nahiyoyin Australiya da na Afirka, Tsibirin Pacific da kuma cikin ƙasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe (gwargwadon nau'ikan halittar) suna bunƙasa a cikin sararin samaniya mai tsayi da yankuna masu zafi, gami da tsaunuka, tuddai, dazuzzuka masu dausayi da hamada.
Salon rayuwa
Kasancewar abubuwan siket (sake saboda rashin fahimtarsu) sun banbanta sosai. Yawancinsu suna rayuwa irin ta duniya, wanda, amma, ba ya hana wasu shiga cikin ƙasa, hawa bishiyoyi ko ɓata lokacinsu na ruwa a cikin ruwa, kamar yadda ƙirar kada take yi.
Akwai kuma wadanda suka mallaki salon kyauta na "iyo" a dunes na hamada. Wannan shine abin da ake kira skink na kantin magani, ko "kifin yashi".
Tsawon rayuwa
Bayanai kan tsawon lokacin aikin duniya na skinks ya bambanta. Tabbas sananne ne cewa a cikin fursunoni shahararrun nau'ikan (shuɗu masu launin shuɗi da ƙyallen silsila) suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20-22.
Tunda a yanayi, sikirin tabo baya bada tabbacin kariya daga makiya / cututtuka da kuma kasancewar abubuwan da suka dace, ana iya zaton cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe sun mutu da wuri.
Abinci, rage cin abinci
Wasu nau'ikan (kaɗan ne daga cikinsu) ke ciyar da shuke-shuke... Waɗannan, alal misali, silsilar-ƙyallen siliki da gajere mai sikila. Koyaya, masu farauta sun fi yawa a cikin wannan dangin motley, waɗanda abincinsu na ɓarna ne (gami da ƙwari), gami da ƙananan ƙwayaye, gami da ƙadangare marasa alaƙa.
Wasu nau'ikan (alal misali, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi) ana ɗaukarsu masu amfani ne. A cikin abincin su ana gani:
- tsire-tsire (ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni);
- dodunan kodi;
- kyankyasai da gizo-gizo;
- crickets da tururuwa;
- qwai tsuntsaye;
- namomin kaza;
- sharar abinci da gawar.
Manya manyan goge-gogen manya suma suna cin kananan kashin baya, gami da kadangaru da kananan beraye.
Skinks na kiwo
Daga cikin skinks akwai nau'ikan halittu masu rai, masu rai da dabbobi.
Yawancin kadangaru suna kwan ƙwai kuma ... ba tare da yawan damuwa ba, suna mantawa da su. Amma kuma akwai iyaye masu misali, irin su skink na Arewacin Amurka: suna narkar da ƙwai kuma suna kare su ba tare da canza matsayinsu ba na makonni 2-3.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wani nau'in kuma yana zaune ne a Arewacin Amurka, wanda wakilansa suke juyawa suna lasa da ƙwai, suna taimaka wa jarirai su fita daga bawon, har ma su ciyar da su.
Viviparous (kamar yawancin skink na Ostiraliya) ita ce ƙatuwar ɓarna da ke zaune a Australia da tsibirin Indonesia.
Ovoviviparity halayyar skink ne da ake kira Mabui, wanda ya mamaye Asiya, Afirka, Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.
Makiya na halitta
A cikin daji, ana farautar skinks da:
- karnuka / kuliyoyi (na gida da na bata);
- karnukan dingo na daji;
- manyan macizai;
- launin toka mai lura da toka;
- tsuntsayen ganima (alal misali, dariya kookabara da launin ruwan kasa falcon).
Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna nuna hali daban yayin cikin haɗari... Wasu, kamar skink mai launin shuɗi, shiga cikin yanayin tsaronsu na yau da kullun, busawa da kumburi. A lokaci guda, kadangarun tana bude bakinta baki daya, tana tsoratar da abokan gaba da wani harshe mai launin shudi, sabanin yadda yake da jan jan bakin mai haske.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mazaunin hamada, skink na kantin magani, ya shiga zurfin yashi don fitowa daga nesa nesa da abokan gaba.
Daga cikin abubuwan gani-gani, ana iya ganin wadanda suke da saurin kamuwa da cutar: tsoro, suna daskarewa kamar wadanda suka mutu.
Kiyaye skink a gida
Skinks iri-iri suna aiki a matsayin dabbobin gida: masu yaren-shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kada mai ban dariya da wasu. Har ila yau, masanan ilimin Terrarium suna son kyallayar kyallen siliki wanda zai iya rataye juye.
Skink-flaws, saboda saurin ladabi da biyayya, ana ɗaukarsa mai jan hankali na gida.
Terrarium
Tunda sikin silsilar yana ɗaure a cikin daji a cikin dogayen bishiyoyi, kuna buƙatar terrarium na tsaye (120 * 60 * 120 cm) tare da murfin raga.
Lokacin shirya terrarium, yi amfani da:
- ciyawar ciyayi mai yalwa (fatsi mai rai zai ci ko tattake shi);
- tukwane / kwalaye da ke zama mafaka;
- rassan masu kauri masu ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi a kwance;
- an gyara manyan duwatsu;
- zurfin kwandon ruwa;
- substrate;
- fitilar hasken baya (watts 60);
- UV fitilu (UVA / UVB).
Lokacin hasken rana don skink yana ɗaukar awanni 12. Ana kiyaye zafin rana da kewayon + 25.5 + 29.4 digiri Celsius (a yankin dumama + 32.2 + 35). Karatun dare ya kamata ya zama + 20.5 + 23'С. Ana fesa ruwa a kan tsire-tsire / substrate yau da kullun.
Kulawa, tsafta
Wankan ruwa da aka sanya a cikin terrarium, ya dogara da nutsarwar ƙwallon ƙwal. Canja ruwan yau da kullun. Theara ƙwarin da aka ba da shawarar na 50-65% yayin lokacin zafin nama zuwa 80%.
Ya dace da matattara shine nade takarda ko sabon labari, shirye-shiryen da aka yi don dabbobi masu rarrafe da ganyen da suka fado... Cire najasa daga gareshi sau ɗaya a mako kuma canza sau ɗaya kwata.
Ciyarwa
Skin skin-wutsiyoyi suna cin abinci da yamma ko kuma da dare. Waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ne, masu cin 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganye da kayan lambu a cikin daji.
A cikin fursuna, kashi 75-80% na abincin yau da kullun ya zama kayan lambu mai duhu tare da koren kore:
- saman karas da turnips;
- kore mustard;
- ganyen dandelion;
- koren kayan leda;
- ficus benjamin;
- zucchini, broccoli;
- jan chard na Switzerland;
- ganyen wiwi.
Lokacin ciyar da na karshen, toshiyar kadangarun ta sami launin ja-purple.
Daya bisa biyar na yawan abincin yau da kullun yana shagaltar da albarkatu kamar:
- kabeji, seleri da tumatir;
- shinkafa da wake;
- dankali mai zaki da alayyafo;
- ayaba, kiwi da lemu;
- peach, gwanda da mangoro;
- strawberries da blueberries;
- pears, apples and ɓaure;
- hibiscus da furannin ceri;
- chicory, inabi da wardi.
Duk 'ya'yan itacen an wanke su sosai kafin a ba su, a bare su, cire zuriya / tsaba, kuma a tabbata an sara.
Mahimmanci! Lokaci-lokaci, ana iya amfani da fruita purean itace eaean 'ya'yan itace maimakon sabbin fruita fruitan itace. Sau ɗaya a wata, ana ba skink dafaffun ƙwai. Ana saka bitamin da alli a cikin hoda akai-akai.
Sayi
Ana ɗaukar skinks daga ɗakunan ajiya na dabbobi masu aminci ko na hannun hannu (galibi ta alƙawari). Kudin da aka ƙayyade ta nau'in (ilimin halittu) na mutum, girma da shekaru. Ofaya daga cikin skinks mafi tsada shine mai launi mai shuɗi: farashin sa yana farawa daga 6-7 dubu rubles kuma yana kusan 12 dubu.
Kusan kewayon farashi iri ɗaya skink ɗin wutsiya ya faɗi (ba wai don girman girman sa ba, har ma a matsayin jinsin da ke cikin haɗari da haɗuwa cikin CITES Convention).
Ana ba da ƙananan skinks a mafi ƙarancin farashi, a yankin na 2-5 dubu rubles... Don haka, ana iya sayan sikirin wuta mai zafi don 3.5-3.7 dubu rubles.
Idan kuna shirin mallakar fata, kuyi nazarin wallafe-wallafen akan wasu nau'in don kada ku ciyar da mai farautar da ciyawa, da ƙadangare masu ciyawa da kwari.
