Brown ko bear na kowa, dabba ce mai cin nama daga dangin beyar. Yana da ɗayan mafi girma da haɗari nau'in tushen mai farauta. Akwai kimanin ƙananan ashirin na launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya bambanta da bayyanar da rarrabawa.
Bayani da bayyana
Bayyanar ruwan goro mai ruwan kasa abu ne na al'ada ga duk wakilan iyalin beyar. Jikin dabba yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da ƙarfi.
Fitowar waje
Akwai babban bushewa, kazalika da babban shugaban mai ƙananan kunnuwa da idanu. Tsawon gajeren gajeren wutsiya ya bambanta daga 6.5-21.0 cm. Paafan ƙafafun suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma suna da ci gaba sosai, tare da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi da ba mai janyewa. Feetafafun suna da faɗi sosai, masu yatsu biyar.
Girman ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa
Matsakaicin tsinkayen ruwan goro mai launin ruwan kasa wanda yake zaune a ɓangaren Turai, a ƙa'ida, kusan mil ɗaya da rabi zuwa mita biyu tare da nauyin jiki a cikin kewayon kilogiram 135-250. Mutanen da ke zaune a yankin tsakiyar ƙasarmu suna da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan kuma suna da nauyin kilogram 100-120. Mafi girma ana ɗaukar su Bears da Grizzlies na Gabas ta Tsakiya, waɗanda galibi suna kaiwa mita uku a girma.
Launin fata
Launi na launin ruwan kasa mai saurin canzawa ne... Bambancin launin launin fata ya dogara da mazaunin, kuma launin fur ɗin zai iya zama daga fawn haske zuwa launin baƙi. Launin launin ruwan kasa yana ɗauke da daidaito.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Halin halayyar grizzly shine kasancewar gashi tare da ƙarancin ƙare a baya, saboda wanda yake da nau'in launin toka akan gashin. Ana samun daidaikun mutane masu launin launin toka-fari a cikin Himalayas. Dabbobin da ke da launin ja-ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa suna zaune a Siriya.
Tsawon rayuwa
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, matsakaiciyar rayuwar mai ruwan kasa mai kimanin shekaru ashirin zuwa talatin. A cikin bauta, wannan nau'in na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru hamsin, kuma wani lokacin ƙari. Rananan mutane suna rayuwa cikin yanayi har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyar.
Brown bear rabe-rabe
Nau'in launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa ya haɗa da ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa ko waɗanda ake kira raƙuman yanki, waɗanda suka bambanta cikin girma da launi.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan rashi:
- Baƙin Turai mai launin ruwan kasa mai tsawon 150-250 cm, tsawon wutsiya na 5-15 cm, tsayi a busasshen 90-110 cm kuma matsakaicin nauyin 150-300 kg... Subsananan raƙuman ruwa tare da jiki mai ƙarfi da bayyananniyar huɗa a bushe. Janar launin launi ya kasance daga launin rawaya mai launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Jawo yana da kauri, ya fi tsayi;
- Caucasian ruwan kasa mai kaifin baki mai matsakaicin tsayin jiki na 185-215 cm da nauyin jiki na 120-240 kg... Gashi gajere ne, mara nauyi, mai launi mai laushi fiye da na uraasashen Eurasia. Launin ya samo asali ne daga launin bambaro mai kama zuwa launuka masu launin toka-ruwan kasa. Akwai sananne, babban wuri mai duhu a bushe;
- Gabashin Siberiyan ruwan kasa mai nauyin kilogram 330-350 da girman kwanyar kai... Jawo yana da tsayi, mai taushi kuma mai yawa, tare da fitaccen sheen. Gashi mai launin ruwan kasa ne mai haske ko baƙi mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Wasu mutane suna da halaye irin na kasancewar launin launi mai haske wanda ya fito fili da baƙar fata;
- Ussuri ko Amur mai launin ruwan kasa... A cikin ƙasarmu, ana kiran wannan ƙananan ƙananan azaman baƙar fata. Matsakaicin nauyin jiki na namiji baligi na iya bambanta tsakanin kg 350-450. Characterizedananan rabe-raben halin halal ne da kasancewar babban kwanyar da aka haɓaka sosai tare da wani ɓangaren hanci mai tsayi. Fatar ta kusan baki. Wani fasali na musamman shine kasancewar dogon gashi akan kunnuwa.
Ofayan mafi girman raƙuman ƙasa akan yankin ƙasar mu shine Far Eastern ko Kamchatka bear mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda matsakaicin nauyin jikin sa yakan wuce 450-500 kg. Manya manya suna da babban, babban kwanyar kai da faɗi, kan gaban gaba. Jawo yana da tsayi, mai yawa kuma mai laushi, rawaya rawaya, launin ruwan kasa mai launin baki ko kuma mai launi baki ɗaya.
Yankin da launin ruwan kasa ke rayuwa
Yankin rarraba yanayi na bea mai ruwan kasa ya sami canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin karnin da ya gabata. A baya can, ana samun raƙum a manyan yankuna da suka faro daga Ingila zuwa Tsibirin Jafan, da kuma daga Alaska zuwa tsakiyar Mexico.
A yau, saboda yadda ake kashe gorar ruwan kasa da kore su daga yankunan da ake zaune, ana rubuta mafi yawan kungiyoyin mahautan ne kawai a yammacin Kanada, da Alaska da kuma a cikin dazuzzukan kasarmu.
Kai salon
Lokacin aikin mai farauta ya faɗo ne akan magariba, sanyin safiya da yamma. Beran launin ruwan kasa dabba ce mai matukar damuwa, yana daidaitawa a sararin samaniya galibi tare da taimakon ji da ƙanshi. Visionananan hangen nesa shine halayyar. Duk da girman su da girman jikin su, Bears masu ruwan kasa kusan shiru suke, masu saurin tafiya kuma suna da sauƙin motsa dabbobi.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Matsakaicin saurin gudu shine 55-60 km / h. Bears suna iyo sosai, amma suna iya matsawa tare da wahala mai ƙarfi akan murfin dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi.
Bears masu launin ruwan kasa suna cikin nau'ikan dabbobi marasa nutsuwa, amma dabbobin da suka rabu da dangin suna iya yawo kuma suna neman abokin tarayya. Bears alama da kare iyakokin ƙasarsu... A lokacin rani, bears suna hutawa kai tsaye a ƙasa, suna zama tsakanin magabata da ƙananan shuke-shuke. Da farkon kaka, dabbar zata fara shirya kanta amintacciyar mafakar hunturu.
Abinci da ganima don launin ruwan kasa
Bears masu launin ruwan goro suna da komai, amma tushen abincin su shine ciyayi, wanda ya sami wakilcin 'ya'yan itacen berry, acorns, nuts, Tushen, tubers da kuma shuke-shuke. A cikin shekarun tsufa, hatsi da masara masu kyau ne na maye gurbin berries. Hakanan, abincin mai farautar dole ne ya haɗa da kowane nau'in kwari, wanda tururuwa, tsutsotsi, ƙadangare, kwadi, filaye da ɓerayen daji suka wakilta.
Manya manyan dabbobi masu lalata dabbobi suna iya kai hari ga matasa artiodactyls. Dawa, dawa, dawa, dawa da doki na iya zama ganima. Babban goro mai ruwan kasa zai iya fasa ɓargin abin da yake ganima da bugu ɗaya tare da ɗan yatsansa, bayan haka sai ya cika shi da itace da kuma kare shi har sai an ci naman gaba ɗaya. Kusa da wuraren ruwa, wasu ƙananan raƙuman ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan goro suna farautar hatimi, kifi da hatimi.
Grizzlies suna iya kai hari kan beyar da ke kan hanya kuma suna cin ganima daga ƙananan mahara.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ba, bears masu launin ruwan kasa suna da kyakkyawar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Waɗannan dabbobin daji suna iya yin haddace cikin sauƙin naman kaza ko wuraren bishiyar, kuma da sauri suna neman hanyar zuwa wurinsu.
Tushen abincin barewar launin ruwan goro na Gabas a lokacin rani da kaka shine kifin kifin da ke zuwa kwai. A cikin shekaru masu rauni da talauci a cikin wadataccen abinci, babban mai farauta yana iya kai hari har da dabbobin gida da dabbobin kiwo.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin saduwa na ruwan goro mai ruwan kasa yakan ɗauki couplean watanni kuma zai fara ne a watan Mayu lokacin da maza suka shiga cikin faɗa mai zafi. Mata suna saduwa da samari da yawa a lokaci guda. Cikakken ciki mai ciki ya ƙunshi ci gaban amfrayo ne kawai a lokacin ƙarancin hirar dabbar. Mace tana ɗauke da sa cuba kimanin watanni shida zuwa takwas... Makafi da kurma, ba su da komai kuma an rufe su da gashi marasa ƙarfi, an haifi ɗiya cikin rami. A ƙa'ida, mace tana ɗaukar babiesa ora biyu ko uku, waɗanda tsayinsu a lokacin haihuwa bai wuce kwata na mita ba kuma nauyinsu ya kai 450-500 g.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin kogon, cubasan suna ciyar da madara kuma suna girma har zuwa watanni uku, bayan haka suna da haƙoran madara kuma sun sami damar cin 'ya'yan itace, ciyayi da kwari da kansu. Koyaya, ana shayar da beyar har zuwa shekara ɗaya da rabi ko fiye.
Ba wai kawai mace ke kula da zuriyar ba, har ma da abin da ake kira 'yar pestun, wanda ya bayyana a cikin shara da ta gabata. Kusa da mace, 'ya' ya kan rayu har zuwa shekaru uku zuwa hudu, kafin su balaga. Mace tana samun zuriya, a matsayin mai mulkin, duk bayan shekaru uku.
Brown bear rashin barci
Barcin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa ya sha bamban da lokacin shakatawar da ya saba da sauran jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Yayin bacci, zafin jiki na ruwan kasa mai ruwan kasa, yawan numfashi, da bugun jini kusan basa canzawa. Beyar bata fada cikin yanayi na cikakkiyar nutsuwa ba, kuma a kwanakin farko sai bacci takeyi.
A wannan lokacin, mai farautar yana saurara da kyau kuma yana mai da martani ga ƙaramar haɗari ta barin ƙofar. A cikin hunturu mai ɗumi tare da ɗan dusar ƙanƙara, tare da adadi mai yawa na abinci, wasu mazan basa yin bacci. Barci yana faruwa ne kawai tare da farkon tsananin sanyi kuma yana iya wucewa ƙasa da wata ɗaya... A cikin mafarki, dukiyar mai mai yankan ƙasa, waɗanda aka tara a lokacin rani da kaka, sun lalace.
Zai zama mai ban sha'awa: Me yasa bears bacci a lokacin sanyi
Shiri domin bacci
Manya a lokacin hunturu manya ne ke zaunar dasu a cikin amintattu, wurare masu nisa da busassun wurare, ƙarƙashin ruɓar iska ko asalin itacen da ya faɗi. Mai farauta yana da ikon haƙa rami mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa ko kuma ya hau kogon dutse da koguna masu duwatsu. Bears masu launin ruwan kasa masu juna biyu suna ƙoƙari su shirya wa kansu da zuriyarsu zurfin da ya fi girma, kogon dumi, wanda daga nan aka jera daga ciki da gansakuka, rassan spruce da ganyen da suka faɗi.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Fledglings koyaushe suna yin hunturu tare da mahaifiyarsu. Onan Lonchak na shekara ta biyu na rayuwa na iya haɗuwa da irin wannan kamfanin.
Duk balagaggu da masu cin karensu ba babbaka suna yin bacci ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Keɓaɓɓun mutane ne da ke zaune a yankin na Sakhalin da Tsibirin Kuril. Anan, yawanci manya a rami ɗaya galibi ana lura dasu.
Tsawan lokacin haihuwa
Dangane da yanayin yanayi da wasu wasu dalilai, bears masu ruwan kasa na iya zama a cikin raminsu har zuwa watanni shida. Lokacin da beyar ke kwance a cikin kogon, da kuma tsawon lokacin barcin kansa, na iya dogaro da yanayin da halayen yanayi suka ɗora, yawan amfanin abinci mai ƙoshin abinci, jima'i, sigogin shekaru har ma da yanayin ilimin dabbobi.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Wata tsohuwar dabbar daji wacce ta yi kiba da yawa ta shiga cikin damuwa tun da wuri, tun kafin ma wata babbar dusar kankara ta faɗi, kuma samari da wadatattun mutane da ke wadatar abinci suna kwance a cikin kogo a watan Nuwamba-Disamba.
Lokacin kwanciya yana shimfidawa na wasu makonni ko wasu watanni. Mata masu ciki sune farkon farkon lokacin hunturu. A wuri na ƙarshe, tsoffin maza ne ke mamaye wuraren. Ana iya amfani da irin wannan wurin shakatawa na hunturu ta bear mai ruwan kasa tsawon shekaru.
Crank Bears
Sandar haɗawa itace mai launin ruwan kasa wacce bata da lokaci don tara isasshen adadin mai mai ƙarancin fata kuma, saboda wannan dalili, ba zai iya nutsuwa cikin nutsuwa ba. A yayin neman kowane abinci, irin wannan mai farautar yana iya yin yawo a kewaye da shi duk lokacin hunturu. Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, irin wannan launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan goro yana tafiya ba tare da tabbas ba, yana da laulayi da ƙarancin gajiyar yanayi.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Lokacin da suka fuskanci abokan hamayya masu haɗari, bea masu launin ruwan kasa suna fitar da ƙara mai ƙarfi, tsaya a ƙafafunsu na baya kuma suna ƙoƙari su buge abokin hamayyarsu da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi daga ƙafafunsu na gaba.
Yunwa tana sanya dabbar ta bayyana galibi kusa da gidan mutum... Burin sandar mai haɗawa ya saba da yankuna na arewa waɗanda ke da yanayi mai tsananin sanyi, gami da yankin Far East da Siberia. Za a iya lura da barkewar katako mai ɗauke da sanduna a cikin yanayi mara dadi, kusan sau ɗaya kowace shekara goma. Farauta don haɗa beyar sanda ba aikin kamun kifi bane, amma gwargwado mai tilastawa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Bears mai ruwan kasa ba ta cikin nau'in dabbobi masu ƙimar kasuwanci, amma galibi suna aiki ne kamar abin farautar wasanni. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ana amfani da fatun bear a cikin halittar kafet, kuma gidajen abinci suna ba da naman a matsayin abinci mai daɗi da baƙon abu.
Bear bile da mai suna da kayan magani. A halin yanzu, akwai kusan mutane ɗari biyu na launin ruwan kasa a doron ƙasa, don haka aka jera nau'ikan a matsayin masu hatsari a cikin Littafin Ja.
