Lokacin saduwa da hamma, kada kuyi la’akari da wannan halittar mai ban mamaki na dogon lokaci. Rashin kunya na wajenta daidai yake da zaluncin da ba a motsawa da aka nuna wa mutum. Idan kaga wani "kwankwasiyya" tana yawo akan ka - ɓoye.
M siffar kai
Godiya a gareta, ba zaku taɓa rikitar da hammar gorar ruwa (Latin Sphyrnidae) tare da wani mazaunin zurfin teku ba. Kansa (tare da manyan tsiro a gefuna) ya daidaita kuma ya kasu kashi biyu.
Kakannin kifin sharmer, kamar yadda gwajin DNA ya nuna, sun bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 20 da suka gabata... Yin nazarin DNA, masana kimiyyar halitta sun yanke hukunci cewa mafi yawan wakilai na iyalin Sphyrnidae ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin babban guduma. Ya bambanta da bangon sauran kifayen kifayen ta hanyar fitattun kawunan mutane, wadanda ake bayyana asalinsu ta hanyar sigar pola guda biyu.
Magoya bayan ra'ayi na farko sun tabbata cewa kan ya sami kamannin guduma sama da shekaru miliyan da yawa. Masu hamayya sun dage cewa yanayin ban mamaki na kan kifin shark sakamakon maye gurbi ne. Kasance haka kawai, waɗannan masu cin abincin teku dole suyi la'akari da takamaiman yanayin bayyanar su yayin zaɓar abincinsu da salon rayuwarsu.
Nau'in hammerhead sharks
Iyali (daga ajin kifin da ake kira cartilaginous) wanda ake kira hammerhead ko hammerhead shark yana da yawa sosai kuma ya haɗa da nau'ikan 9:
- Gudun guduma sharmer.
- Babban kifin hammer.
- Yammacin Afirka ta Yamma.
- Zagayen-guduma mai kama da guduma.
- Ungiyar hammer
- Hamananan guduma (shark sharvel).
- Amoungiyar hammer ta Caribbean.
- -Ananan idanun kifin hammerhead shark.
- Giant guduma shark.
Na ƙarshe ana ɗaukarsa mai tsananin firgici, mai saurin tashin hankali da sauri, wanda ya sa ya zama mafi haɗari. Ya banbanta daga waɗanda suka haɗu a cikin girman girmansa, haka kuma a cikin daidaitawar gefen gaba na "guduma", wanda ke da madaidaiciyar sifa.
Manyan guduma suna girma har zuwa mita 4-6, amma wani lokacin suna kama samfuran suna zuwa mita 8.
Waɗannan masu farautar, waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin ɗan adam, da sauran dangin Sphyrnidae sun sami gindin zama a cikin ruwa mai zafi da yanayi na Tekun Pacific, da Tekun Atlantika da Indiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Sharks (galibi mata) galibi suna haɗuwa cikin rukuni a cikin kankara a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Ana lura da karin taro da tsakar rana, kuma da daddare masu farauta sukan tashi zuwa washegari.
An hango maɓuɓɓugan Hammer a saman teku da kuma zurfin da ya dace sosai (har zuwa mita 400). Sun fi son dutsen murjani, galibi suna iyo cikin lagoons kuma suna tsoratar da masu hutu na ruwan bakin ruwa.
Amma mafi girman hankalin waɗannan masu farautar an lura da su kusa da Tsibirin Hawaiian. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa yana nan, a Hawaiian Institute of Marine Biology, cewa ana gudanar da bincike mafi mahimmanci na kimiyya akan yankakkun sharks.
Bayani
Bunkasuwar gefen kai suna kara yankin kai, fatarsa cike da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin rai waɗanda ke taimakawa ɗaukar sigina daga abu mai rai. Kifin kifin kifin kifi na iya kama raunin ƙarfi na lantarki da ke fitowa daga ƙasan teku: hatta yashi na yashi ba zai zama cikas ba, inda mai cutar zai yi ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa.
Ba da dadewa ba aka soke ka'idar cewa siffar kai tana taimakawa guduma don samun daidaito yayin juyawa sosai. Ya juya cewa an ba da kwanciyar hankali na shark ta kashin baya da aka tsara ta hanya ta musamman.
A gefen bishiyoyin (na gaba da juna) akwai manyan idanuwa zagaye, iris wanda yake da launin rawaya zinare. Gabobin gani suna da kariya tsawon ƙarnuka kuma ana haɓaka su da membrain lalata. Tsarin da ba shi da kyau na idanun shark yana ba da gudummawa ga cikakken (digiri-360) na sarari: mai farauta yana ganin duk abin da ke faruwa a gabansa, ƙarƙashin da sama da shi.
Tare da irin wannan tsarin gano makiyin mai karfi (na azanci da gani), shark din baya barinshi wata karamar damar tsira.A karshen farautar, mai farautar ya gabatar da “hujjarsa” ta karshe - baki mai jere mai hakora masu kaifi... Af, babban kifin sharmer yana da mafi munin hakora: suna da murabba'i mai kusurwa uku, suna karkata zuwa kusurwoyin bakinsu kuma sanye suke da sanannun labarai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kifin guduma, koda a cikin duhun da yake ciki, ba zai taɓa rikita arewa da kudu, da yamma da gabas ba. Wataƙila tana ɗauke da maganadisu a duniya, wanda ke taimaka mata ta ci gaba.
Jiki (a gaban kai) ba abin birgewa bane: yayi kama da katuwar sanda - launin toka mai duhu (ruwan kasa) sama da fari-ƙasa.
Sake haifuwa
An rarraba sharmer Hammerhead azaman kifi mai rai... Namiji yana saduwa ta wata hanya ta musamman, yana nutsar da haƙoransa cikin abokin.
Ciki, wanda ke faruwa bayan nasarar cikin aure, yana ɗaukar watanni 11, bayan haka ana haihuwar yara ƙanana 20 zuwa 55 (40-50 cm a tsayi). Don kada mace ta ji rauni yayin haihuwa, ana tura kawunan kifayen sharks da aka haifa ba ko'ina ba, amma a cikin jiki.
Bayan sun fita daga mahaifar uwa, sharks sun fara motsawa sosai. Amincewarsu da zafin rai yana cetosu daga yuwuwar abokan gaba, wanda galibi wasu masharramane.
Af, sharks ne da suka fi hammata girma waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin gajeren jerin abokan gaba na ɗabi'unsu, wanda kuma ya haɗa da mutane da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban.
Hammerhead shark kama
Hammerhead sharks suna son bi da kansu ga abincin teku kamar su:
- dorinar ruwa da squids;
- lobsters da kadoji;
- sardines, mackerel doki da kifin kifin;
- teku crucians da teku bas;
- yawo, kifin bushiya da kifi mai kauri;
- kuliyoyin teku da humps;
- sharks mustelidae da kuma sharks masu launin shuɗi masu duhu.
Amma mafi girman sha'awar gastronomic a cikin hammerhead shark yana haifar da haskoki.... Mai farauta yana farauta a wayewar gari ko bayan faduwar rana: don neman abin farauta, shark din ya kusanci ƙasan kuma ya girgiza kansa don ɗaga ɓarayin.
Neman ganima, kifin kifin shark ya kan birge shi taushe kansa, sa'annan ya riƙe shi da guduma da cizon don ray ɗin ya rasa ikon yin tsayayya. Bugu da ari, ta tsage ɓarayin gunduwa gunduwa, tana kama shi da kaifin bakinta.
Hammerheads a hankali yana ɗauke da ƙaya mai guba da ta rage daga abinci. Da zarar daga gaɓar Florida, an kama wani kifin kifin mai ɗauke da irin waɗannan ɓarnar 96 a bakinsa. A cikin wannan yankin, manyan kifin sharmer (wanda ke da ƙanshin ƙanshi) yakan zama ganima ta masunta na gida, suna tsallewa zuwa ƙugiyoyin ƙugiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A halin yanzu, masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun yi rikodin kusan sigina 10 waɗanda ake musayar su da hammerhead, suna taruwa a makarantu. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa wasu daga cikin alamun suna aiki ne a matsayin gargaɗi: sauran ba a rigaya an canza su ba.
Mutum da guduma
Kawai a Hawaii ne kifayen kifayen suke kama da gumakan teku waɗanda ke kiyaye mutane da tsara yawan fauna na cikin teku. Mutanen Aboriginal sun yi imani da cewa rayukan danginsu da suka mutu suna yin ƙaura zuwa ga kifayen kifayen, kuma suna nuna babbar girmamawa ga kifayen da guduma.
Ba abin mamaki bane, Hawaii ce kowace shekara tana sake samun rahotanni na abubuwan bakin ciki wadanda suka danganci hare-haren da wasu sharks din hammer kan mutane. Ana iya bayanin wannan a saukake: mai farauta ya shiga cikin ruwa mara zurfi (inda masu yawon shakatawa ke iyo) don kiwo. A wannan lokacin, guduma tana da kuzari da ƙarfi.
A priori, kifin kifin shark baya ganin abincinsa a cikin mutum, sabili da haka baya farautarsa musamman. Amma, kash, waɗannan kifaye masu farautar suna da halin da ba za a iya faɗi ba, wanda a take zai iya tura su su kai hari.
Idan ka gamu da wannan halitta mai kaifin hakora, ka tuna cewa motsi kwatsam (jujjuya hannu da kafafu, saurin juyawa) an hana su kwata-kwata.... Wajibi ne a yi iyo daga shark sama kuma a hankali sosai, ba ƙoƙarin jan hankalinsa ba.
Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan 9 na kifin kifin na hammerhead, mutum uku ne kawai aka gane suna da hadari ga mutane:
- katuwar guduma sharmer;
- kifin hamma tagulla;
- hammerhead shark.
Cikin tumbinsu da suka yage, an sami ragowar jikin mutane fiye da sau ɗaya.
Kodayake, masana ilimin halitta sunyi imanin cewa a cikin yakin da ba a bayyana ba tsakanin kifin sharmer da kuma wayewar ɗan adam, mutane suna da nasara sosai.
Ga wadanda za a kula da marasa lafiya da man kifin kifin kifi, da kuma kayan kwalliya don jin daɗin cin abincin naman kifin shark, gami da shahararriyar miyar fin, dubunnan sun kashe masu su. Da sunan riba, kamfanonin kamun kifi ba sa bin kowace kima ko ka’idoji, wanda hakan ya haifar da koma baya matuka game da wasu nau’ikan nau’ikan Sphyrnidae.
Ungiyar haɗarin ta haɗa da, musamman, babban gudin guduma. Ita, tare da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke raguwa masu yawa, ana kiranta "mai rauni" ne ta Kungiyar Hadin Kan Kasa da Kasa ta Duniya kuma an sanya ta a cikin Rataye na musamman da ke tsara dokokin kamun kifi da kasuwanci.
