Amince, ba shi da daɗi idan aka ɗauke ka a matsayin halitta mara tunani wanda ke aikata garken dabbobi a ƙarƙashin tasirin motsin da ba za a iya fahimta ba. Wato, irin wannan suna ya kafu ga ƙaramin ɗan sandan arewa, lemming, wanda sunansa ya zama sanannen gida saboda ƙage na ƙarya.
Labari
Ta ba da labarin cewa sau ɗaya a kowane fewan shekaru lean kalmomi suna gudana, wanda baƙon ilmi ya kwashe su, zuwa tsaunuka da bakin teku domin son rai su rabu da rayuwarsu ta ƙiyayya.
Wadanda suka kirkiro shirin fim din "White Wasteland", wadanda aka sadaukar domin amfanin dabbobi na kasar Kanada, sun ba da gudummawa matuka wajen yaduwar wannan kirkirar.... Masu yin fina-finai sun yi amfani da tsintsiya don tuka tarin lemmunan da aka riga aka siyo cikin ruwan kogin, suna aiwatar da kisan kansu. Kuma masu kallon fim din sun dauki tsauraran matakan ci gaba.
Koyaya, masu yin shirin fim, wataƙila, an yaudaresu da labarai marasa tabbaci game da kashe kansu da son rai, wanda hakan ya taimaka wajen bayyana ƙaƙƙarfan ragin da ake gabatarwa.
Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu na zamani sun gano wani abu na raguwar kwatsam a yawan adadin lafazin, wanda ba a kiyayewa kowace shekara.
Lokacin da waɗannan dangin hamster basu da karancin abinci, suna da fashewar jama'a. Yaran da aka haifa suma suna son cin abinci, kuma ba da daɗewa ba yawancin abinci ya ragu, wanda ke tilasta lamuran shiga cikin neman sabon ciyayi.
Ya faru cewa hanyar su ba ta wuce ta ƙasa kawai ba: sau da yawa saman ruwa na kogunan arewa da tabkuna suna shimfidawa a gaban dabbobi. Lemmings na iya iyo, amma ba koyaushe bane zasu iya lissafin ƙarfinsu kuma su mutu. Irin wannan hoton, wanda aka lura dashi yayin yawo da dabbobi, shine ya zama asalin tatsuniya game da kashe kansu.
Daga gidan hamsters
Wadannan dabbobin polar dangin dangi ne na damisa da firam. Launi na lemmings ba ya bambanta da iri-iri: yawanci launin toka-kasa-kasa ko keɓaɓɓe, wanda ya zama fari sosai da hunturu.
Lumananan dunƙulen Jawo (masu nauyi daga 20 zuwa 70 g) ba sa girma sama da 10-15 cm tare da ƙari na santimita biyu a kowane jela. Zuwa lokacin hunturu, fika a ƙafafun gaba suna ƙaruwa, suna juyawa cikin kofato ko sheƙi. Clausoshin da aka gyara sun taimaka wa lemming ɗin bai zurfafa cikin dusar ƙanƙara ba kuma ya wargaje shi don neman gansakuka.
Yankin ya mamaye tsibirin Arctic Ocean, da kuma tundra / forest-tundra na Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. Ana samun lafazin Rasha a Chukotka, Gabas mai Nisa da Kola Peninsula.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Beraye suna rayuwa mai aiki, ba ɓoyewa a cikin hunturu ba. A wannan lokacin na shekara, yawanci sukan yi gida gida a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, suna cin tushen tsire-tsire.
A lokacin dumi, lemmings suna zama a cikin ramuka, wanda yawancin maɓuɓɓuka ke haifar da su.
Halaye
Rodan sanda na arewa suna son kaɗaici, galibi suna faɗa tare da lafazin da ke lalata yankin ciyarwarta.
Wasu jinsi na lemming (alal misali, lafazin daji) suna ɓoye rayukansu a hankali daga idanuwan da ke kaɗawa, suna rarrafe daga mafaka da dare.
Bayyanar kulawar iyaye ma baƙon abu ne a gareshi: nan da nan bayan saduwa, maza suna barin mata don biyan yunwar su.
Duk da girman ban dariya, haɗarin da ke cikin siffar mutum ana gaishe shi da ƙarfin hali - suna iya yin tsalle da busa da ƙarfi, suna tsaye a ƙafafunsu na baya, ko kuma, akasin haka, su zauna su tsorata mai shigowa, suna jujjuya ƙafafunsu na gaba kamar ɗan dambe.
Lokacin da suke kokarin tabawa, suna nuna zalunci ta hanyar cizon mai mika hannu... Amma wadannan dabarun fada "masu matukar wahala" ba zasu iya tsoratar da magabtan da ke gab da yin maganar ba: ceto daya ne kawai daga garesu - gudu.
Abinci
Dukkanin jita-jita suna hade da kayan aikin tsire-tsire kamar su:
- kore gansakuka;
- hatsi;
- mai tushe da 'ya'yan itace masu launin shuɗi, lingonberries, blueberries da girgije;
- Birch da willow twigs;
- kwantar da hankali;
- tundra shrubs.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Don kiyaye isasshen matakan makamashi, lemming yana buƙatar cin abinci ninki biyu na yadda yake auna. Tsawon shekara guda, babban hamshakin ɗan sanda ya sha kusan kilo 50 na ciyayi: ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa tundra, inda ake yin liyafa, ya kama.
Rayuwar dabba tana karkashin tsayayyar tsari, inda kowane sa'a guda abincin rana yake bi da bacci na sa'o'i biyu da hutawa, lokaci-lokaci suna cakuɗe da jima'i, tafiya, da neman abinci.
Rashin abinci yana cutar da tasirin lemmings... Ba sa raina tsire-tsire masu guba kuma suna ƙoƙarin farautar dabbobin da suka wuce girmansu.
Rashin abinci shine dalilin ƙaura mai yawa na beraye masu nisa.
Iri-iri na lemmings
A yankin ƙasarmu, daga 5 zuwa 7 nau'ikan an rubuta su (bisa ga ƙididdiga daban-daban), waɗanda aka bambanta da mazauninsu, wanda, bi da bi, yana ƙayyade salon rayuwar dabbobi da fifikon abinci daban-daban.
Amur lemming
Baya girma fiye da 12 cm... Ana iya gane wannan sandar wutsiya ta wutsiyar sa, daidai da tsawon ƙafar baya, da tafin kafa na gashi. A lokacin bazara, jiki launin ruwan kasa ne, an tsattseshi da jajayen launuka a kan kumatu, yanayin saman muzzle, tarnaƙi da ciki. Ana bayyane da baƙar fata daga sama, wanda yake kauri sosai a kan kai da lokacin wucewa zuwa baya.
A lokacin hunturu, wannan tsiri ba a iya ganin sa, kuma gashi ya zama mai laushi kuma ya fi tsayi, yana samun launin launin ruwan kasa iri ɗaya tare da ƙanƙanin haske da launin toka da ja. Wasu kalmomin Amur suna da alamun fararen halayya akan ƙira da kusa da leɓɓa.
Lemming Vinogradov
Wannan nau'in (har zuwa 17 cm tsayi) yana zaune a yankunan bude tundra a tsibirin... Dabbobi suna adana abinci mai yawa, sun fi son cin ciyawa da shuke-shuke.
Burbushin katako suna da matukar ban mamaki kuma suna kama da ƙananan birane. A cikin su, mata suna haihuwar yara 5-6 daga sau 2 zuwa 3 a shekara.
Yin leffin Hoofed
Wanda yake zaune a gabar tekun arctic da subarctic daga gabashin gabashin Tekun Fari har zuwa Bering Strait, gami da Novaya da Severnaya Zemlya. Wannan sandararren yana da tsayin 11 zuwa 14 cm ana iya samun inda gansakuka, dwarf birches da Willows suke girma, a yankuna masu dausayi da kuma cikin tundra mai duwatsu.
Ya sami sunanta ne saboda ƙafafun tsakiya biyu a ƙafafun gaba, waɗanda ke ɗaukar ƙwanƙwan fata a cikin sanyi.
A lokacin bazara, dabbar tana da toka-toka tare da alamun tsattsauran ra'ayi a kai da gefunan. A kan kan kan gashi launin toka mai launin toka ne, a bayanta akwai madaidaicin baƙin baƙar fata, a wuyansa akwai “zobe” mai haske. A lokacin hunturu, launi na Jawo ya shuɗe sosai.
Yana cin birch da Willow leaves / harbe, sassan iska / blueberries da girgije. Yana da mahimmanci don adana abinci a cikin burodi, inda wasu kalmomin lemmings yawanci suke yin rani duka. Yara (5-6) suna bayyana anan har sau uku a shekara.
Canza wurin wakilai masu haifar da cutar leptospirosis da tularemia.
Yin maganar daji
Grenin-baƙar fata mai launin toka mai nauyin 45 g tare da ɗamarar launin ruwan kasa mai tsatsa a bayanta... Yana zaune a cikin taiga daga Scandinavia zuwa Kamchatka da Mongolia (arewa), da kuma Arewacin Rasha. Zaɓi gandun daji (coniferous and mixed) inda gansakuka ke tsiro a yalwace.
Lissafin daji na bada litar sau 3 kowace shekara, kowannensu yana haifar da sa 4a 4 zuwa 6.
Anyi la'akari da jigilar halitta na tularemia bacillus.
Yammacin Yaren mutanen Norway
Babban mutum ya girma har zuwa 15 cm... Yana zaune a dutsen tundra na Kola Peninsula da Scandinavia. Yin ƙaura, ya zurfafa cikin taiga da gandun daji-tundra.
Babban mahimmanci a cikin abinci mai gina jiki ana yin shi ne akan ganshin kore, hatsi, lichen da sedge, ba tare da barin lingonberries da blueberries ba.
An fentin motley, kuma an zana layin mai haske mai haske a baya mai launin ruwan kasa-kasa. Malalaci ne don haƙa ramuka, yana neman matsuguni na halitta, inda yake haifar da zuriya da yawa: har zuwa yara 7 a cikin leda ɗaya. A lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, lemming ɗin mata na Yaren mutanen Norway na samar da litter 4.
Yabon Siberia
Dangane da bayanan sauran lamuran gida, ya yi fice sosai saboda yawan haihuwa: mace tana da litattafai 5 a kowace shekara, a cikin kowannensu tana haihuwar jarirai 2 zuwa 13.
Yana zaune a yankunan tundra na Tarayyar Rasha daga Arewacin Dvina a yamma zuwa gabashin Kolyma, da kuma zaɓaɓɓun tsibiran Tekun Arctic.
Tare da nauyin 45 zuwa 130 g, dabbar ta miƙe har zuwa 14-16 santimita... A lokacin hunturu da rani, launinsa iri daya ne - a cikin launuka masu launin ja-rawaya tare da ratsi mai baƙar fata yana gudana tare a baya.
Abincin ya hada da koren mosses, sedges, shunds na tundra. A matsayinka na mai mulki, yana rayuwa a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin nests waɗanda suke kama da ƙwallo, waɗanda aka yi da tushe da ganye.
Yana ɗauke da cututtukan tarin fuka, tularemia da zazzaɓin jini.
Kayan aikin zamantakewa
A cikin yanayin sanyi, wasu nau'ikan lemmings suna takawa a maƙogwaron sha'awar su su kaɗaita su kuma dunkule wuri ɗaya. Matan da ke da zuriya suna ɗaure da wani yanki na musamman, kuma maza suna yawo a cikin dazuzzuka da tundra don neman ciyawar da ta dace.
Idan akwai abinci da yawa kuma babu tsananin sanyi, yawan yin lafuffan yana girma ta hanyar lemming, yana ninkawa har ma a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara kuma yana farantawa masu farautar da ke farautar waɗannan sandunan arewa.
Da zarar an haifi karin kalmomi, mafi gamsarwa a rayuwar Arctic fox, ermine da farin mujiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Idan beraye sun yi karanci, mujiya ma ba ta kokarin yin kwai, da sanin cewa ba za ta iya ciyar da kajinta ba. Numberananan adadin lafazin suna tilasta wa karnukan Arctic su tafi don neman ganima daga tundra zuwa taiga.
Berayen da ke jure sanyi na rayuwa daga shekara 1 zuwa 2.
Sake haifuwa
Wani ɗan gajeren rayuwa yana motsa ƙarancin haihuwa da farkon haihuwa a cikin lemmings.
Mata na shiga lokacin haihuwa tun da suka kai wata 2 da haihuwa, kuma maza na iya yin kwazo da zaran sun kai makonni 6 da haihuwa. Ciwon ciki ya ɗauki makonni 3 kuma ya ƙare da ƙananan lemmings na 4-6. Matsakaicin adadin litters a kowace shekara shida ne.
Thearfin haihuwa na rodents na arewa bai dogara da yanayi ba - suna nutsuwa cikin yanayin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin mafi tsananin sanyi. A ƙarƙashin kaurin murfin dusar ƙanƙara, dabbobi ke gina gida, suna sa shi ganye da ciyawa.
A ciki ne aka sami sabon ƙarni na lemmings.
