Macizan Spearhead (Bothrops asper) suna cikin tsari mai tsari.
Yada macizan mashi.
Yankin rarraba mashinan maciji ya hada da gabar arewa maso yamma na Kudancin Amurka, Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad da kuma arewa zuwa Mexico. A cikin Meziko da Amurka ta Tsakiya, ana samun wannan nau'in halittar mai rarrafe daga arewa zuwa Kudancin Tamaulipas da kuma kudu maso gabashin yankin Yucatan ta kudu maso gabas. Tana zaune ne a yankunan gabar tekun Atlantika tare da Nicaragua, Costa Rica da Panama, da kuma a arewacin Guatemala da Honduras, Peru, a Colombia, zangon ya faro daga Tekun Pacific zuwa Tekun Caribbean da kuma zurfin zurfin ƙasa.
Gidan mazaunin mashi.
Ana samun macizai masu mahimmanci a cikin gandun dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka masu ƙarancin wurare masu zafi, da gefen gefen savannahs, amma kuma suna zaune a wasu yankuna daban-daban, gami da ƙauyuka masu ƙanƙanci da ƙananan tsaunuka, yankuna masu bushewar wasu gandun daji masu ƙarancin zafi na Mexico. Sun fi son yawan danshi, amma kuma manyan macizan suna zaune a yankunan hamada, saboda basu cika fuskantar barazanar rashin ruwa kamar yara ba. Wannan nau'in macijin ya bayyana a yankunan da ba a daɗe da share su don amfanin gona a ƙasashe da yawa. Macizan mashi suna san hawa bishiyoyi. An rubuta su a tsawan daga matakin teku har zuwa mita 2640.
Alamomin waje na macizan masu mashi.
Ana rarrabe macizan da ke kan gaba ta madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar kawata, wacce a fili ta kebanta da jiki.
Wakilan wannan nau'in na iya yin nauyi zuwa kilogiram 6, kuma tsawon ya kai daga 1.2 zuwa 1.8 m a tsayi.
Mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan busassun suna da nauyi don hana asarar ruwa. Launin macizai ya banbanta matuka dangane da yankin. Wannan yakan haifar da rudani tsakanin mutane da macizai na wasu jinsunan, musamman idan sun yi kama da launi, amma sun fita waje tare da launuka masu launin rawaya ko tsatsa ko na trapezoidal. Shugaban macijin da ke da mashi galibi launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu ko ma baƙar fata. A wasu lokuta akan sami tabo mai rauni a bayan kai. Kamar sauran nau'ikan botrops, macizan mashin suna da launuka iri-iri da kuma launuka daban daban na postorbital.
A gefen kwakwalwa, fata yawanci launin rawaya ne, cream ko launin toka-fari-fari, tare da duhu masu duhu (mottling), wanda yawanta ya karu zuwa karshen na baya.
Yankin gefen dorsal shine zaitun, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan toka mai launin toka, rawaya mai rawaya ko kusan baƙi.
A jikin akwai wasu alloli masu duhu masu haske tare da gefuna masu haske, wanda yawansu ya sha bambam daga 18 zuwa 25. A cikin tazara, akwai tabo masu duhu tsakanin su. Wasu mutane suna da layin zigzag mai launin rawaya a kowane gefen jiki.
Maza sun fi mata girma sosai. Mata suna da kauri da nauyi kuma kusan sun ninka na maza sau 10. Ananan mata suna da raƙuman jelar ruwan kasa yayin da maza ke da jelar jelar rawaya.
Sake bugun mashin mashin.
Ba kamar yawancin tsire-tsire ba, macizai masu linzami ba su da shari'ar gasa tsakanin maza a lokacin kiwo. Sau da yawa, mata suna saduwa da maza fiye da ɗaya. A lokacin saduwar aure, idan mace ta bayyana, mazan sukan girgiza kai a inda take, sai macen ta tsaya ta dauki hoton don saduwa.
Ana ɗaukar macizan mashi a gaba a cikin Amurka.
Sunyi kiwo a lokacin damina, wanda yake tattare da wadataccen abinci. Mata na tara shagunan mai, wanda ke haifar da sakin homon don motsa ƙwai. Watanni 6 zuwa 8 bayan saduwa, matasa macizai 5 zuwa 86 sun bayyana, suna auna tsakanin gram 6.1 zuwa 20.2 kowannensu. A karkashin yanayi mara kyau don haifuwa, hadi da haduwar kwan ya yi jinkiri, yayin da maniyyi ya kasance na dogon lokaci a jikin mata tare da jinkirta hadi. Mata suna iya haifuwa a tsayin jikinsu daga 110 zuwa 120 cm a cikin al'aura, yayin da maza a 99.5 a cikin girma. Tsammani na rayuwa daga 15 zuwa 21 shekaru, bisa ga bayanai da aka samu daga zoos.
Halayyar macizai.
Macizan da ke kan gaba ba dare ba rana, keɓaɓɓun macuta. Ba su da ƙima a lokacin sanyi da watanni masu bushewa. Mafi yawanci ana samun su kusa da rafuka da rafuka, suna zubewa da rana da rana kuma suna ɓoyewa a ƙarƙashin murfin daji da dare. Snananan macizai suna hawa bishiyoyi kuma suna nuna babban jelar jelarsu don yin lalata. Macizai masu duwatsu ba su wuce mita 1200 ba a kowane dare don neman abinci. Don neman wanda aka azabtar, ana musu jagora ta sigina daga masu karɓar zafin da suke cikin rami na musamman.
Abinci don mashin macizai.
Macizai na mashi suna farautar abubuwa masu rai iri-iri. Girman jikinsu da dafin da ke da tsananin haɗari ya sa aka sanya su a matsayin masu cin nama mai tasiri. Macizan da suka manyanta suna cin abincin dabbobi masu shayarwa, halittar dabbobi da dabbobi masu rarrafe, beraye, geckos, zomaye, tsuntsaye, kwaɗi har ma da kifin kifi. Matasa suna cin ganyayyaki da ƙananan kwari.
Tsarin halittu na macizan mashi.
Macizan Spearhead sune haɗin abinci a cikin tsarin halittu. Wannan nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe na aiki ne a matsayin tushen abinci ga yawancin jinsin masu farautar, kuma wataƙila suna taka rawa wajen tallafawa ɗimbin mussoran, waɗanda ke da haɗari ga macizai masu dafin rami. Macizan da ke kwance a kai abinci ne ga dokin dariya, da haɗarin haɗiye, da kuma shaho. Sun zama ganima ga skunks, raccoons, ungulu na gefen hanya. Wasu irin kadoji da gizo-gizo ne ke cin macizan matasa. Macizan da ke kan gaba su ma mahimancin mahaukata ne a cikin tsarin halittu kuma, don haka, suna kula da yawan al'ummomin gida na bera, beraye, kadangaru, da kuma na tsakiya.
Ma'ana ga mutum.
Macizan da ke gaban goshi dabbobi masu rarrafe ne, tare da sanannun mutuwa daga cizon waɗannan macizai a cikin kewayen yankin. Guba tana da tasirin jini, necrotic da sakamako na proteolytic. A shafin cizon, edema na ci gaba, tsarin necrotic yana tasowa kuma ciwo mai ban mamaki yana faruwa. Macizan da ke gaban goshi suna ba da fa'idodi, suna ciyar da ƙananan beraye da sauran ɓeraye waɗanda ke cutar manoma.
Matsayin kiyayewa na macizan mashi.
An kasafta mashin mashin a matsayin "jinsin abin da bai fi damuwa ba." Amma bunkasar birane, sare dazuzzuka, gurbatar muhalli da ci gaban aikin gona duk suna haifar da karancin macizai a nahiyar Amurka. A wasu kasashen, kafa sabbin gonaki na kofi, ayaba da koko na taimaka wa jinsin ya bunkasa. Macijin mashin yana saurin canzawa, amma wasu yankuna suna fuskantar raguwar adadi, wanda nake zargin ya samo asali ne daga wasu canjin yanayi da ake samu a yanayi da kuma karancin abinci.
