Mai gani da ido (Somateria fischeri).
Alamomin waje na mai gani ido
Spectacled eider yana da tsayin jiki kusan 58 cm, nauyi: daga 1400 zuwa 1800 gram.
Ya fi sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan idoron ido, amma yanayin jikinsu daya ne. Za'a iya gane idanun ido ta hanyar launin layin saman kai. Laukaka daga baki zuwa hanci da tabarau ana bayyane a kowane lokaci na shekara. Lilin namiji da na mace ya bambanta a launi. Kari akan haka, kalar fuka-fukan kuma ana yin canjin yanayi.
A lokacin daddawa, a cikin babban namiji, tsakiyar kambi da bayan kai koren zaitun ne, fuka-fukan suna dan rukewa. Babban farin faifai mai ɗauke da bakar leda a idanun yana ƙunshe da ƙananan fukafukai masu kauri kuma ana kiransa 'tabarau'. Maƙogwaro, kirji na sama da yankin yanki na sama suna lulluɓe da mai lankwasa, mai tsayi, gashinsa fari. Gashin gashin jela, na sama da na baya baki ne. Fuka-fukan fuka-fukan farar fata farare ne, ya bambanta da manyan gashin fuka-fukai da sauran labulen baƙar fata. Wwayoyi masu launin toka-smoky, yankunan axillary farare ne.
Filadin na mace launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin ja-ja da manyan yadudduka biyu da gefen duhu.
Kan da gaban wuya sun fi na namiji kyau. Gilashin suna launin ruwan kasa mai haske, waɗanda ba a bayyana su, amma ana iya gani koyaushe saboda bambancin da suke samarwa tare da goshin launin ruwan kasa da ƙirar ido mai duhu. Babban reshe na sama launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu, a ƙasa yana da laushi-launin toka-launin toka-toka tare da yankuna masu launi a yankin axillary.
Duk samari tsuntsaye suna da launi kamar na mata. Koyaya, raƙatattun ratsi a saman da tabarau ba a bayyane a fili, duk da haka bayyane.
Wurin zama mai kyan gani
Gidajen ido na ido mai nisa a tundra na bakin teku da cikin gari, har zuwa kilomita 120 daga bakin tekun. A lokacin bazara, ana samun sa a cikin ruwan bakin ruwa, ƙananan tafkuna, kogunan fadama da kogunan Tundra. A lokacin hunturu ya bayyana a cikin buɗaɗɗiyar teku, har zuwa iyakar kudancin iyakarta.
Yada kyan gani
Haske ido ya bazu a gabar gabashin Siberia, ana iya ganin sa daga bakin Kogin Lena zuwa Kamchatka. A Arewacin Amurka, ana samunsa a gabar arewa da yammacin Alaska har zuwa Kogin Colville. Kwanan nan ne kawai aka gano wuraren sanyi, a cikin ci gaba mai ɗauke da kankara tsakanin St. Lawrence da Tsibirin Matthew a cikin Tekun Bering.
Fasali na halayen mai gani
Ba a fahimci halayen ɗabi'un mai ido sosai ba; sun fi tsuntsu ɓoyewa da nutsuwa. Tana da ma'amala sosai tare da dangin ta, amma samuwar garken dabbobi ba abu ne mai mahimmanci ba, idan aka kwatanta da sauran jinsunan. A cikin filayen kiwo, kyan gani kyan gani ya yi kama da agwagwa a farfajiyar ƙasar. Koyaya, tana da kyawu musamman. Yayinda ake saduwa da juna, namijin dawa mai kyan gani yana fitar da sautuka.
Kiwo mai gani da ido
Mai yiwuwa idanun ido ya zama nau'i-nau'i a ƙarshen hunturu. Tsuntsaye suna isa wuraren shaƙatawa a cikin Mayu-Yuni, lokacin da nau'i-nau'i suka riga suka fara. Suna zaɓar wurare masu keɓe don gida, amma suna sasantawa a cikin yankuna, galibi suna kusanci da sauran anatidae (musamman geese da swans).
Lokacin ginin gida yayi daidai da narkar da kankara.
Mace na iya dawo da tsohon gida ko fara gina sabo. Tana da sifar ƙwallo, wadda ake ba wa gida ta shuke-shuke masu bushewa da fulawa. Kafin kyanƙyashe, maza suna barin mata kuma suna yin ƙaura zuwa cikin Tekun Bering.
A cikin kamun kifin mai kyan gani akwai ƙwai 4 zuwa 5, waɗanda mace ke ɗorawa ita kaɗai har tsawon kwanaki 24. Idan brood din ya mutu a farkon lokacin, saboda farautar da kyarkewa, minks, skuas ko seagulls, mace ta yi kama ta biyu.
Kaji na mai gani da ido mai zaman kansa ne. Kwana daya ko biyu bayan fitowa daga kwai, suna iya bin mahaifiyarsu. Amma babban tsuntsu yana jagorantar kajin na wasu makwanni hudu, har sai sun zama suna da karfi sosai. Mata suna barin wuraren shakatawa tare da tsuntsayen samari bayan sun ɗauki fikafikan. Sun zube nesa da gabar teku.
Abincin ido mai ido
Spectacled eider tsuntsu ne mai cin komai. A lokacin kiwo, abincin mai dusar ƙanƙan ido ya ƙunshi:
- kwari,
- kifin kifi,
- crustaceans,
- tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa.
A lokacin rani, shi ma yana ciyar da tsire-tsire na ƙasa, 'ya'yan itace, tsaba, yana cika abinci da arachnids. Da kyar da ido ya hango ruwa, galibi yana samun abinci a cikin rufin ruwa. A lokacin hunturu, a cikin teku mai budewa, tana farautar kayan kwalliya, wanda take nema a zurfinsu. Birdsananan tsuntsaye suna cin tsutsayen 'yan tsattsauran ra'ayi.
Yawan fitowar ididadola
Yawan mutanen duniya na ido mai kyan gani an kiyasta mutane 330,000-390,000. Kodayake an yi ƙoƙari don hana raguwa mai yawa a cikin tsuntsayen ta hanyar garken ungulu, gwajin bai samar da sakamako kaɗan ba. An lura da irin wannan ragin na yawan ididi a Rasha. Don hunturu a 1995, 155,000 aka kirga.
Adadin masu ido a Rasha a kwanan nan an kiyasta kimanin nau'i-nau'i 100,000-10,000 da kuma mutane 50,000-10,000 da suka fi karfin ruwa, kodayake akwai matakin rashin tabbas a cikin waɗannan ƙididdigar. Kirkirar da aka gudanar a Arewacin Alaska a tsakanin 1993-1995 ya nuna kasancewar tsuntsaye 7,000-10,000, ba tare da alamun raguwa ba.
Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya gano ɗimbin yawa na ido a cikin Tekun Bering kudu da tsibirin St. Lawrence. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, aƙalla tsuntsayen 333,000 masu hunturu a cikin garken-nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan garken kan kanwar fakitin Bering Sea
Matsayi na kiyayewa na mai gani
Mai gani da ido wani tsuntsu ne wanda ba kasafai ake samun sa ba, akasari saboda karamin yankin da yake rarrabawa. A baya, wannan nau'in yana da raguwar lambobi. A da, 'yan Eskimos suna farautar sammai da ido, suna masu la’akari da cewa naman su abin ci ne. Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da fata mai ɗorewa da ƙwan ƙwai don dalilai na ado. Wata fa'idar dusar kyan gani, wacce ke jan hankalin mutane, ita ce tsarin launuka daban-daban na dutsen tsuntsaye.
An yi ƙoƙari don kiwata tsuntsaye a cikin fursuna don kauce wa raguwa, amma wannan ya zama mai wahala a cikin gajeren gajere mai tsananin zafi na Arctic. Sarkokin ido sun fara kyankyasar kamamme a cikin 1976. Babbar matsala ga rayuwar tsuntsaye a yanayi shine ainihin wurin da wuraren kwana suke. Yana da mahimmanci don ganowa da yin rikodin wannan saboda mazaunin wannan tsuntsu na iya lalacewa ba da gangan ba, musamman ma idan farfajiyar ido ta yi sheka a cikin iyakantaccen yanki.
Don kiyaye keɓaɓɓen maƙerin a 2000, Amurka ta keɓe 62.386 km2 na mahimmin wurin zama na gabar teku inda aka lura da farfajiyar jeji.
